Peds

Question 1

What is the test of choice to confirm a diagnosis of pyloric stenosis?

Answer 1

Ultrasound is the test to confirm the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis

Question 2

What are the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism in a neonate?

Answer 2

Hypothyroidism in a neonate include:

lethargy

constipation

large fontanelles

macroglossia

feeding problems

dry skin

Question 3

What is the area % for an infant’s head?

Answer 3

An infant’s head represents 18% of their body area

Question 4

What is the area % for an infant’s upper extremitiy?

Answer 4

Each arm represents 9% of an infants total body area. 4.5% in the front and 4.5% on the back

Question 5

What is the area % for an infant’s lower extremity?

Answer 5

An infant’s lower extremity represents 14% of total body area

7% front and 7% back

Question 6

What is the area % for an infant’s torso?

Answer 6

An infant’s torso represents 36% of their total body area.

18% for the front and 18% for the back.

Question 7

When does the Babinski reflex usually disappear?

Answer 7

The babinski reflex usually disappears by 1-2 years of age

Question 8

What are the characteristics of an

Atrial Septal Defect?

Answer 8

An atrial septal defect is

non-cyanotic

wide split S2

soft systolic ejection murmur

Question 9

What are the characteristics of a

Ventral Septal Defect?

Answer 9

Ventral Septal Defect:

harsh holosystolic murmur @ left sternal border

associated with failure to thrive and congestive heart failure

*the murmur associated with VSD is generally louder and longer than the murmur of ASD

Question 10

What hematologic cancer is assciated with young children?

Answer 10

Acute lymphocytic leukemia presents in children 2-5 years old

Question 11

What are the sequela of untreated hydronephrosis in children?

Answer 11

Hydronephrosis is generally caused by obstruction, posterior urethral valves, or vesicouretal reflux.

Failure to treat the hydronephrosis in pediatrics can lead to hypertension, acute or chronic renal failure, recurrent infections and failure to thrive

Question 12

What are the developmental milestones of a 6 month old?

Answer 12

at 6 months:

sit for a short period of time

rake objects in

eat solid food

sleep through the night

transfer objects from one hand to another

Question 13

what are the developmental milestones for 4 months

Answer 13

At 4 months baby should:

roll front to back

sit assisted for short periods

coo

laugh

Question 14

What tumor is associated with the combination of:

aniridia

genitourinary abnormalities

mental retardation

Answer 14

Wilms Tumor

a newborn with GU abnormalities and aniridia is highly suspicious for WAGR. Mental retardation will not be diagnosed immediately

Question 15

What is the fundoscopic exam concerning for child abuse/shaken baby syndrome?

Answer 15

Viterous hemorrhage is the fundoscopic finding associated with child abuse/shaken baby syndrome

Question 16

When should you report an anaphylatic reaction after a tetanus vaccine?

Answer 16

Report any anaphylatic reaction if it occurs within 7 days of giving a vaccine to the CDC

Question 17

what is the emperic treatment for suspected early-onset bacterial meningitis?

Answer 17

ampicillin + gentamycin + 3rd gen cephalosporin

is the emperic treatment for suspected early onset bacterial meningitis

*Early onset = <1 week

Question 18

What are the top three bugs responsible for early onset bacterial meningitis?

Answer 18

Early onset bacterial meningitis (<1 week)

Strep agalactiae

listeria

e. coli

Question 19

What are the qualifications for being an emancipated minor?

Answer 19

to be a fully emancipated minor:

living along/married

or

financially indepenent

or

serving in the armed forces

*pregnancy does not fully emancipate the minor- although she does not need parental concent for prenatal care

Question 20

Strictly breastfead babies need to be suplimented with what? why?

Answer 20

strictly breastfead babies should be supplimented with

Vitamin D since breast milk is deficient in it.

Supplementation with vitamin D will prevent rickets