Peds

Question 1

Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex:

Answer 1

Reflex: Turn head to one side. The arm and leg on face side extend, arm and leg on scalp side flex.
Normal Age of response: Birth to 6 months.

Question 2

Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

Answer 2

Reflex: flexed head = arms flexed/legs extended. Extended head = arms extended/legs flexed.
Normal Age: 6-8 months

Question 3

Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex

Answer 3

Reflex: supine position, body and extremities are held in extension. prone position, body and extremities held in flexion.
Normal Age: Birth to 6 months.

Question 4

Galant Reflex

Answer 4

Reflex: Touch skin along spine from shoulder to hip, lateral trunk flexion on side of sim.
Age: 30 weeks gest. to 2 months

Question 5

Palmar Grasp Reflex

Answer 5

Reflex: pressure in palm on ULNAR side, grip around fingers.
Age: Birth to 4 months

Question 6

Plantar Grasp Reflex

Answer 6

Reflex: Pressure to base of toes causes toe flexion.
Age: 28 weeks gest. to 3 months.

Question 7

Rooting Reflex

Answer 7

Reflex: touch on cheek causes turning head to same side with mouth open.
Age: 28 weeks to 3 months

Question 8

Moro Reflex

Answer 8

Reflex: Drop head into extension suddenly for a few inches, arms abduct with fingers open, then cross drunk into adduction: cry
Age: 28 weeks gestation to 5 months

Question 9

Startle Reflex

Answer 9

Reflex: Loud, sudden noise - similar to moro but elbows remain flexed and hands closed.
Age: 35 weeks gestation to 2 months

Question 10

Positive Support Reflex

Answer 10

Reflex: Weight placed on balls of feet when upright - stiffening of legs and trunk into extension
Age: 35 weeks of gestation to 2 months

Question 11

Walking (Stepping) reflex

Answer 11

Reflex: Supported upright position with soles of feet on firm surface - reciprocal flexion/extension of legs.
Age: 38 weeks to 2 months

Question 12

Gross Motor: Newborn to 1 Month Old

Answer 12

PRONE: physiological flexion. lift head briefly, usually to side.
SUPINE: physiological flexion, rolls partly to side
SITTING: head lag in pull to sit
STAND: reflex standing and walking
OTH: object in direct line of sight, follows object to midline, hands fisted, arm movements jerky, movements random.

Question 13

Gross Motor: 2-3 Months

Answer 13

PRONE: lifts head 90 degrees (brief), chest up with weight through forearms. rolls prone -> supine.
SUPINE: ATNR, legs kick recipr, head to side.
SIT: full support needed, bobbing, variable head lag.
STAND: poor weight bearing, hips flex (behind shoulder)
OTHER: can see farther, hands open, 180 degree follow, grasp reflexive, palmar grasp.

Question 14

Gross Motor: 4-5 Months

Answer 14

PRONE: extended arms, pivots.
SUPINE: supine to side, feet to mouth.
SIT: head steady when supported, turns head, alone for short time.
STAND: bears all weight through legs/supported
OTHER: grasp and release toys, ulnar-palmar grasp.

Question 15

Gross Motor: 6-7 Months

Answer 15

PRONE: supine to prone, able to reach for toys.
SUPINE: lifts head
SIT: lifts head/helps during pull to sit, sit (I), can get into sitting (I)
Mobility: Crawl Backward
OTHER: one hand, arm in neutral when approaching toy, radial-palmar grasp, Rakes, transfer object between hands.

Question 16

Gross Motor: 8-9 Months

Answer 16

PRONE: hands-knees
SUPINE: does not tolerate
SIT: sit to prone, sits without UE support, pivot in sitting.
STAND: at furniture, pull to stand, lowers to sitting.
MOBILITY: crawls, cruise
OTHER: supination, radial-digital grasp, inferior pincer grasp, extends wrist, points/pokes index finger, object out of container.

Question 17

Gross Motor: 10-11 Months

Answer 17

STAND: stand without support briefly, pull to stand in half-kneel, picks object from floor when standing.
MOBILITY: walk with one/both hands held, bear walk.
OTHER: fine pincer grasp, puts object in container, grasp crayon adaptively.

Question 18

Gross Motor: 12-15 Months

Answer 18

• Walk without support, fast walk, backward walk, sideways
• bend over and look between legs
• creeps/hitches upstairs
• throw ball in sitting
• marks paper with crayon, build tower 2 cubes,
• turn over small container to obtain contents.

Question 19

Gross Motor: 16-24 months

Answer 19

• squat in play
• walk up/down stairs with one hand held, both feet on step
• ride-on toys, kick/throw ball.
• pick up toy from floor
• fold paper, string beads, stack 6 cubes,
• imitate strokes with crayon, hold crayon with thumb and fingers.

Question 20

Gross Motor: 2 years

Answer 20

• ride trike
• walk back, tiptoe, run tip toe, walk downstairs alt. feet
• catch large ball
• hop on one foot
• turn knob, open/close jar, large buttons, use scissors (A)
• do 12-15 piece puzzle, fold paper/clothes

Question 21

Gross motor: Preschool (3-4 years)

Answer 21

• throw ball 10 feet, catch small ball,
• walk line 10 feet, hop 2-10 times on one foot
• jump up to 2 feet/12 inch high
• run fast/avoid obstacles
• crayons, circle and cross, match colors, scissors (I)
• human figures, squares, demo hand preference.

Question 22

Early School Age (5-8 years)

Answer 22

• skip, gallop, hopscotch, balance, hop, squat, jump rope
• bounce large ball, kick ball,
• hand preference
• print, cursive
• button small buttons

Question 23

Later School Age (9-12 years)

Answer 23

• mature patterns of movement
• competition increases
• balance, coordination, endurance
• hand usage improved, drawing and handwriting

Question 24

Adolescence (13 years)

Answer 24

• center of gravity changes, shoulders for boys, hips for girls
• dexterity in fingers for fine tasks (IE knitting, sewing, art)