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Pediatric EOR exam > Pediatrics endocrinology > Flashcards

Pediatrics endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

s/s of general DM

A

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

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1
Q

etiology of t1DM vs t2DM

A
  • Type 1: near complete or total absence of circulating insulin
  • Type 2: due to insulin resistance, decreased insulin, or increased hepatic glucose production
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2
Q

s/s of T1DM

A
  • weight loss
  • postural hypotension
  • ketoacidosis
  • poor wound healing
  • blurred vision
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3
Q

normal A1C range

A

4.0-5.6%

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4
Q

target A1C goal

A

7

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5
Q

Prediabetic A1C range

A

5.7-6.5%

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6
Q

best way to dose insulin

A

basal-bolus

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7
Q

Examples of long acting insulin

A
  • glargine (Lantus)
  • detemir (Levemir)
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8
Q

Examples of rapid acting insulin

A
  • Lispro (Humalog)
  • Aspart (Novolog)
  • Glulisine (Apidra)
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9
Q

Examples of intermediate acting insulin

A

NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N)

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10
Q

Dawn phenomenon

A

nocturnal release of cortisol leads to increased glucose due to inadequate insulin levels so the bedtime insulin needs to be increased

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11
Q

Somogyi effect

A

patient experiences rebound hyperglycemia due to excess insulin levels causing hypoglycemia while sleeping so the bedtime insulin needs to be decreased

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12
Q

1st line medication for T2DM

A

Metformin

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13
Q

s/s of hypoglycemia

A
  • light headed
  • nauseous
  • dizzy
  • weak
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14
Q

management of hypoglycemia

A
  • conscious: oral intake of glucose
  • unconscious: IV dextrose, injectable glucagon
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15
Q

MCC of hypercalcemia

A

Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism

16
Q

s/s of hypercalcemia

A
  • bones
  • stones
  • groans
  • psych overtones
17
Q

management of hypercalcemia

A
  • treat underlying condition
  • IV NS
  • lasix
18
Q

MCC of thyrotoxicosis

A

graves disease

19
Q

antibody present in graves disease

A

TSI

20
Q

s/s of hyperthyroidism

A
  • fatigue
  • anxiety
  • palpitations
  • heat intolerance
  • sweating
  • weight loss
  • restlessness
21
Q

manifestations of grave disease

A
  • exophthalmos
  • pretibial myxedema
  • digital clubbing
22
Q

graves disease in pregnancy

A

tend to have remission around the late second trimester

23
Q

thyroid storm

A

severe, life threatening thyrotoxicosis triggered by illness

24
Q

s/s of thyroid storm

A
  • delirium
  • tachycardia
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • dehydration
  • high fever
24
Q

MCC of hypothyroidism

A
  • worldwide: iodine deficiency
  • US: hashimotos
25
Q

s/s of hypothyroidism

A
  • fatigue
  • dry skin
  • hair loss
  • weight gain
  • depression
  • dysphagia
  • cold intolerance
25
Q

treatment of hyperthyroidism

A
  • methimazole
  • PTU
  • radioactive destruction of thyroid
  • surgery
26
Q

myxedema crisis

A

severe, life threatening hypothyroidism triggered by illness

27
Q

manifestations of myxedema crisis

A
  • hypothermia
  • hypoventilation
  • hyponatremia
  • hypoglycemia
  • hypotension
28
Q

treatment of hypothyroidism

A

Levothyroxine (synthroid)

29
Q

prader willi s/s

A
  • almond shaped eyes
  • short stature
  • strabismus
  • hypogonadism
  • small hands and feet
  • tapered fingers
  • obesity
  • hypotonia
  • obsessive hyperphagia
30
Q

treatment of prader willi

A

growth hormone

31
Q

s/s of turner syndrome

A
  • webbed neck
  • short stature
  • shield chest
  • amenorrhea
  • hypogonadism
32
Q

treatment of turners syndrome

A

hormone replacement

Pediatric EOR exam (20 decks)

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