Pediatric GI/Nutrition Flashcards
what is the etiology of appendicitis
fecalith
what are the s/s of appendicitis
- abdominal pain starting periumbilical then localizing to the RLQ
- guarding/rebound
- mcburney’s point tenderness
- Rovsings sign
- psoas sign
- obturator sign
how do you diagnose appendicitis
US first in kids then CT abdomen
what labs aid in diagnosing appendicitis
- WBC < 15000
- ANC >7500
what is the treatment for appendicitis
- cefoxitin or cefotetan prior to procedure
- appendectomy
what is colic
unexplained fussiness, crying and agonized screaming
how do you diagnose colic
clinically!
otherwise healthy infant who cries for >3hrs/day for >3 days/week for >3 weeks.
what are the s/s of colic
normal PE
what is the treatment of colic
assurance
what is the definition of constipation
- <3 bowel movements/week
- encopresis
- painful, hard stools.
how can cows milk lead to constipation
decreased intestinal motility
what is the treatment of constipation
daily miralax
what are the s/s of dehydration
- sunken fontanelle
- dry mucous membranes
- no urination
- increased pulse
- decreased skin turgor
- decreased BP
what is the most useful lab to assess dehydration in kids
bicarbonate (would be low in dehydration)
what is the (oral) treatment for dehydration
pedialyte
what is the IV treatment for dehydration
NS
what condition is duodenal atresia associated with
down syndrome
what is the presentation of duodenal atresia
bilious vomiting
what would you see on imaging in a patient with duodenal atresia
double bubble sign
what is encopresis
impacted stool in rectum leading to leaking of liquid stool around it
what is the treatment of encopresis
- frequent bowel movements
- miralax for 6 months
what is the management of a swallowed foreign body
- if it is not past the pylorus, endoscopic removal
- if it is past the pylorus and in the stomach, watchful waiting
what is the MCC of gastroenteritis
Norovirus
what are the s/s of gastroenteritis
- vomiting
- fever
- anorexia
- cramps
- HA
- dehydration
what is the treatment of gastroenteritis
- supportive
- rehydration
what are the s/s of GERD in infants
- spitting up after eating
- choking
- arching of back while feeding
what are the s/s of GERD in children
- abdominal pain
- chest pain
- regurgitation
what is BRUE
Brief resolved unexplained event
* acute life threatening event occurring in an infant under 1yo with sudden resolved episodes where they turn blue
How do you diagnose GERD
upper endoscopy
what is the treatment of GERD in infants
- smaller, more frequent feeds
- upright 45 minutes after feeds
- thickened feeds
- famotidine
what is the treatment of GERD in children
- behavior modifications
- pepcid or prilosec
- NISSEN
if an infant doesn’t receive immunoprophylaxis after being born to a mother with HBV…
they will get chronic HBV
In women who are seropositive for HBsAg and HBeAg….
infants should recieve immunoglobulin and vaccine ASAP after birth
t/f there are no prevention strategies for hep C
pretty much true. but theres slim chance that it’ll be passed from mom to baby! so thats good.
heres the slide.
How long can maternal anti-HCV be detected in infant blood after birth
12-18 months
what is hirschsprung disease
lack of ganglion cells in the distal bowel causing lack of peristalsis
what is the treatment for hirschsprung disease
pull through surgery or ostomy surgery:(
what are the s/s of inguinal hernia
intermittent bulge in groin that is more prominent in times of increased pressure
what is the treatment of an inguinal hernia
surgery
what is intussusception
telescoping of the intestines
what are s/s of intussusception
- colicky abdominal pain
- current, jelly stool
- sausage shaped abdominal mass
how do you diagnose and treat intussusception
barium enema
what is physiologic jaundice
normal newborn physiologic jaundice that appears after 24 hours of birth.
what is the treatment of jaundice
phototherapy
what is the etiology of lactose intolerance
lactase enzyme deficiency
what are the s/s of lactose intolerance
- diarrhea
- bloating
- flatulence
- abd pain
How do you diagnose lactose intolerance
hydrogen breath test
what is the treatment of lactose intolerance
lactose free diet
what are s/s of niacin deficiency
- diarrhea
- dermatitis
- dementia
how do you diagnose niacin deficiency
serum niacin levels
How do you manage niacin deficiency
dietary replacement
what is the etiology of pyloric stenosis
muscular hypertrophy of the pylorus
what are s/s of pyloric stenosis
- projectile vomiting
- constant hunger
- olive shaped abdominal mass
how do you diagnose pyloric stenosis
ultrasound
what is the treatment of pyloric stenosis
pyloromyotomy
what are the s/s of umbilical hernias
- bulge in the umbilical area
- easy to reduce
what is the treatment of umbilical hernias
- most resolve spontaneously by 3-4yo
- surgery if incarcerated
what are s/s of vitamin A deficiency
- night blindness
- blurred vision
- xerosis
what are the s/s of vitamin C deficiency
- fatigue
- gingivitis
- poor wound healing
(scurvy)
what are the s/s of vitamin D deficiency
- fatigue
- bone pain
- muscle weakness
what is the etiology of vitamin D deficiency
- breastfeeding
- low sunlight exposure
- poor diet
- dark skin
