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Pediatric EOR exam > Pediatric GI/Nutrition > Flashcards

Pediatric GI/Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what is the etiology of appendicitis

A

fecalith

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2
Q

what are the s/s of appendicitis

A
  • abdominal pain starting periumbilical then localizing to the RLQ
  • guarding/rebound
  • mcburney’s point tenderness
  • Rovsings sign
  • psoas sign
  • obturator sign
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3
Q

how do you diagnose appendicitis

A

US first in kids then CT abdomen

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4
Q

what labs aid in diagnosing appendicitis

A
  • WBC < 15000
  • ANC >7500
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5
Q

what is the treatment for appendicitis

A
  • cefoxitin or cefotetan prior to procedure
  • appendectomy
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6
Q

what is colic

A

unexplained fussiness, crying and agonized screaming

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7
Q

how do you diagnose colic

A

clinically!

otherwise healthy infant who cries for >3hrs/day for >3 days/week for >3 weeks.

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8
Q

what are the s/s of colic

A

normal PE

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9
Q

what is the treatment of colic

A

assurance

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10
Q

what is the definition of constipation

A
  • <3 bowel movements/week
  • encopresis
  • painful, hard stools.
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11
Q

how can cows milk lead to constipation

A

decreased intestinal motility

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12
Q

what is the treatment of constipation

A

daily miralax

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13
Q

what are the s/s of dehydration

A
  • sunken fontanelle
  • dry mucous membranes
  • no urination
  • increased pulse
  • decreased skin turgor
  • decreased BP
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14
Q

what is the most useful lab to assess dehydration in kids

A

bicarbonate (would be low in dehydration)

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15
Q

what is the (oral) treatment for dehydration

A

pedialyte

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16
Q

what is the IV treatment for dehydration

A

NS

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17
Q

what condition is duodenal atresia associated with

A

down syndrome

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18
Q

what is the presentation of duodenal atresia

A

bilious vomiting

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19
Q

what would you see on imaging in a patient with duodenal atresia

A

double bubble sign

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20
Q

what is encopresis

A

impacted stool in rectum leading to leaking of liquid stool around it

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21
Q

what is the treatment of encopresis

A
  • frequent bowel movements
  • miralax for 6 months
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22
Q

what is the management of a swallowed foreign body

A
  • if it is not past the pylorus, endoscopic removal
  • if it is past the pylorus and in the stomach, watchful waiting
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23
Q

what is the MCC of gastroenteritis

A

Norovirus

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24
Q

what are the s/s of gastroenteritis

A
  • vomiting
  • fever
  • anorexia
  • cramps
  • HA
  • dehydration
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25
Q

what is the treatment of gastroenteritis

A
  • supportive
  • rehydration
26
Q

what are the s/s of GERD in infants

A
  • spitting up after eating
  • choking
  • arching of back while feeding
27
Q

what are the s/s of GERD in children

A
  • abdominal pain
  • chest pain
  • regurgitation
28
Q

what is BRUE

A

Brief resolved unexplained event
* acute life threatening event occurring in an infant under 1yo with sudden resolved episodes where they turn blue

29
Q

How do you diagnose GERD

A

upper endoscopy

30
Q

what is the treatment of GERD in infants

A
  • smaller, more frequent feeds
  • upright 45 minutes after feeds
  • thickened feeds
  • famotidine
31
Q

what is the treatment of GERD in children

A
  • behavior modifications
  • pepcid or prilosec
  • NISSEN
32
Q

if an infant doesn’t receive immunoprophylaxis after being born to a mother with HBV…

A

they will get chronic HBV

33
Q

In women who are seropositive for HBsAg and HBeAg….

A

infants should recieve immunoglobulin and vaccine ASAP after birth

34
Q

t/f there are no prevention strategies for hep C

A

pretty much true. but theres slim chance that it’ll be passed from mom to baby! so thats good.

heres the slide.

35
Q

How long can maternal anti-HCV be detected in infant blood after birth

A

12-18 months

36
Q

what is hirschsprung disease

A

lack of ganglion cells in the distal bowel causing lack of peristalsis

37
Q

what is the treatment for hirschsprung disease

A

pull through surgery or ostomy surgery:(

38
Q

what are the s/s of inguinal hernia

A

intermittent bulge in groin that is more prominent in times of increased pressure

39
Q

what is the treatment of an inguinal hernia

A

surgery

40
Q

what is intussusception

A

telescoping of the intestines

41
Q

what are s/s of intussusception

A
  • colicky abdominal pain
  • current, jelly stool
  • sausage shaped abdominal mass
42
Q

how do you diagnose and treat intussusception

A

barium enema

43
Q

what is physiologic jaundice

A

normal newborn physiologic jaundice that appears after 24 hours of birth.

44
Q

what is the treatment of jaundice

A

phototherapy

45
Q

what is the etiology of lactose intolerance

A

lactase enzyme deficiency

46
Q

what are the s/s of lactose intolerance

A
  • diarrhea
  • bloating
  • flatulence
  • abd pain
47
Q

How do you diagnose lactose intolerance

A

hydrogen breath test

48
Q

what is the treatment of lactose intolerance

A

lactose free diet

49
Q

what are s/s of niacin deficiency

A
  • diarrhea
  • dermatitis
  • dementia
50
Q

how do you diagnose niacin deficiency

A

serum niacin levels

51
Q

How do you manage niacin deficiency

A

dietary replacement

52
Q

what is the etiology of pyloric stenosis

A

muscular hypertrophy of the pylorus

53
Q

what are s/s of pyloric stenosis

A
  • projectile vomiting
  • constant hunger
  • olive shaped abdominal mass
54
Q

how do you diagnose pyloric stenosis

A

ultrasound

55
Q

what is the treatment of pyloric stenosis

A

pyloromyotomy

56
Q

what are the s/s of umbilical hernias

A
  • bulge in the umbilical area
  • easy to reduce
57
Q

what is the treatment of umbilical hernias

A
  • most resolve spontaneously by 3-4yo
  • surgery if incarcerated
58
Q

what are s/s of vitamin A deficiency

A
  • night blindness
  • blurred vision
  • xerosis
59
Q

what are the s/s of vitamin C deficiency

A
  • fatigue
  • gingivitis
  • poor wound healing
    (scurvy)
60
Q

what are the s/s of vitamin D deficiency

A
  • fatigue
  • bone pain
  • muscle weakness
61
Q

what is the etiology of vitamin D deficiency

A
  • breastfeeding
  • low sunlight exposure
  • poor diet
  • dark skin

Pediatric EOR exam (20 decks)

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