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Pediatric EOR exam > Pediatric GI/Nutrition > Flashcards

Pediatric GI/Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what is the etiology of appendicitis

A

fecalith

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2
Q

what are the s/s of appendicitis

A
  • abdominal pain starting periumbilical then localizing to the RLQ
  • guarding/rebound
  • mcburney’s point tenderness
  • Rovsings sign
  • psoas sign
  • obturator sign
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3
Q

how do you diagnose appendicitis

A

US first in kids then CT abdomen

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4
Q

what labs aid in diagnosing appendicitis

A
  • WBC < 15000
  • ANC >7500
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5
Q

what is the treatment for appendicitis

A
  • cefoxitin or cefotetan prior to procedure
  • appendectomy
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6
Q

what is colic

A

unexplained fussiness, crying and agonized screaming

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7
Q

how do you diagnose colic

A

clinically!

otherwise healthy infant who cries for >3hrs/day for >3 days/week for >3 weeks.

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8
Q

what are the s/s of colic

A

normal PE

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9
Q

what is the treatment of colic

A

assurance

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10
Q

what is the definition of constipation

A
  • <3 bowel movements/week
  • encopresis
  • painful, hard stools.
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11
Q

how can cows milk lead to constipation

A

decreased intestinal motility

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12
Q

what is the treatment of constipation

A

daily miralax

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13
Q

what are the s/s of dehydration

A
  • sunken fontanelle
  • dry mucous membranes
  • no urination
  • increased pulse
  • decreased skin turgor
  • decreased BP
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14
Q

what is the most useful lab to assess dehydration in kids

A

bicarbonate (would be low in dehydration)

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15
Q

what is the (oral) treatment for dehydration

A

pedialyte

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16
Q

what is the IV treatment for dehydration

A

NS

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17
Q

what condition is duodenal atresia associated with

A

down syndrome

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18
Q

what is the presentation of duodenal atresia

A

bilious vomiting

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19
Q

what would you see on imaging in a patient with duodenal atresia

A

double bubble sign

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20
Q

what is encopresis

A

impacted stool in rectum leading to leaking of liquid stool around it

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21
Q

what is the treatment of encopresis

A
  • frequent bowel movements
  • miralax for 6 months
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22
Q

what is the management of a swallowed foreign body

A
  • if it is not past the pylorus, endoscopic removal
  • if it is past the pylorus and in the stomach, watchful waiting
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23
Q

what is the MCC of gastroenteritis

A

Norovirus

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24
Q

what are the s/s of gastroenteritis

A
  • vomiting
  • fever
  • anorexia
  • cramps
  • HA
  • dehydration
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25
what is the treatment of gastroenteritis
* supportive * rehydration
26
what are the s/s of GERD in infants
* spitting up after eating * choking * arching of back while feeding
27
what are the s/s of GERD in children
* abdominal pain * chest pain * regurgitation
28
what is BRUE
Brief resolved unexplained event * acute life threatening event occurring in an infant under 1yo with sudden resolved episodes where they turn blue
29
How do you diagnose GERD
upper endoscopy
30
what is the treatment of GERD in infants
* smaller, more frequent feeds * upright 45 minutes after feeds * thickened feeds * famotidine
31
what is the treatment of GERD in children
* behavior modifications * pepcid or prilosec * NISSEN
32
if an infant doesn't receive immunoprophylaxis after being born to a mother with HBV...
they will get chronic HBV
33
In women who are seropositive for HBsAg and HBeAg....
infants should recieve immunoglobulin and vaccine ASAP after birth
34
t/f there are no prevention strategies for hep C
pretty much true. but theres slim chance that it'll be passed from mom to baby! so thats good. heres the slide.
35
How long can maternal anti-HCV be detected in infant blood after birth
12-18 months
36
what is hirschsprung disease
lack of ganglion cells in the distal bowel causing lack of peristalsis
37
what is the treatment for hirschsprung disease
pull through surgery or ostomy surgery:(
38
what are the s/s of inguinal hernia
intermittent bulge in groin that is more prominent in times of increased pressure
39
what is the treatment of an inguinal hernia
surgery
40
what is intussusception
telescoping of the intestines
41
what are s/s of intussusception
* colicky abdominal pain * current, jelly stool * sausage shaped abdominal mass
42
how do you diagnose and treat intussusception
barium enema
43
what is physiologic jaundice
normal newborn physiologic jaundice that appears after 24 hours of birth.
44
what is the treatment of jaundice
phototherapy
45
what is the etiology of lactose intolerance
lactase enzyme deficiency
46
what are the s/s of lactose intolerance
* diarrhea * bloating * flatulence * abd pain
47
How do you diagnose lactose intolerance
hydrogen breath test
48
what is the treatment of lactose intolerance
lactose free diet
49
what are s/s of niacin deficiency
* diarrhea * dermatitis * dementia
50
how do you diagnose niacin deficiency
serum niacin levels
51
How do you manage niacin deficiency
dietary replacement
52
what is the etiology of pyloric stenosis
muscular hypertrophy of the pylorus
53
what are s/s of pyloric stenosis
* projectile vomiting * constant hunger * olive shaped abdominal mass
54
how do you diagnose pyloric stenosis
ultrasound
55
what is the treatment of pyloric stenosis
pyloromyotomy
56
what are the s/s of umbilical hernias
* bulge in the umbilical area * easy to reduce
57
what is the treatment of umbilical hernias
* most resolve spontaneously by 3-4yo * surgery if incarcerated
58
what are s/s of vitamin A deficiency
* night blindness * blurred vision * xerosis
59
what are the s/s of vitamin C deficiency
* fatigue * gingivitis * poor wound healing (scurvy)
60
what are the s/s of vitamin D deficiency
* fatigue * bone pain * muscle weakness
61
what is the etiology of vitamin D deficiency
* breastfeeding * low sunlight exposure * poor diet * dark skin

Pediatric EOR exam (20 decks)

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