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Pediatric EOR exam > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is the presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia

A
  • milder form of pneumonia
  • bullous myringitis (associated with pharyngitis and/or AOM)
  • cough
  • scant sputum
  • also referred to as “walking pneumonia”
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2
Q

What are the atypical causes of pneumonia

A
  • mycoplasma
  • legionella
  • chlamydia
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3
Q

how do you diagnose mycoplasma pneumonia

A
  • NP swab is diagnostic
  • CXR (nondiagnostic, could be clear or have patchy infiltrates)
  • auscultation is typically CLEAR
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4
Q

How do you treat mycoplasma pneumonia

A

azithromycin or doxycycline

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5
Q

what is the etiology of mononucleosis

A

EBV (human herpesvirus 4)

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6
Q

How is EBV transmitted

A

saliva and blood products

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7
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of mononucleosis

A
  • malaise/fatigue
  • sore throat
  • tonsillar enlargement
  • myalgia
  • posterior LAD
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8
Q

how do you diagnose mononucleosis

A
  • monospot test
  • EBV antibodies
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9
Q

How is mononucleosis treated

A
  • fluids
  • antipyretics
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10
Q

what is the etiology of erythema infectiosum (fifths disease, slapped cheeks)

A

parvovirus B19

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11
Q

what is the communicable period for erythema infectiosum (parvo, slapped cheeks, fifths disease)

A

contagious before the rash, joint pain and swelling

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12
Q

what is the presentation of erythema infectiosum (parvo, slapped cheeks, fifths disease)

A
  • fever, rhinitis, HA
  • slapped cheeks rash
  • lacy reticular rash over proximal extremities
  • painful joints
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13
Q

How do you diagnose erythema infectiosum (parvo, slapped cheeks, fifths disease)

A

clinically

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14
Q

How do you treat erythema infectiosum

A
  • symptomatic relief
  • IVIG for immunocomp patients
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15
Q

What is the etiology of hand foot and mouth disease

A

coxsackievirus

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16
Q

what is the communicable period of hand foot and mouth disease

A

until after blisters have disappeared

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17
Q

what is the clinical presentation of hand foot and mouth disease

A
  • fever
  • sore throat
  • malaise
  • vesicles of palms, plantar, mouth, and buttocks
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18
Q

how do you diagnose hand foot and mouth disease

A

clinically

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19
Q

what is the treatment of hand foot and mouth disease

A

supportive
(topical oral antiseptic for mouth sores and OTC pain meds for general discomfort)

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20
Q

where does HSV1 vs HSV2 tend to present

A
  • HSV1: oral
  • HSV2: genital
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21
Q

what is the presentation of HSV

A
  • vesicles forming crusts and moist ulcers
  • viral prodrome
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22
Q

what can cause HSV flares

A
  • febrile illness
  • hormonal changes
  • stress
  • sun exposure
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23
Q

how do you diagnose HSV

A
  • cultures
  • tzank smear (multinucleated giant cells)
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24
Q

how do you treat HSV

A
  • antivirals (shorten duration)
  • symptomatic relief (viscous lidocaine)
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25
Q

how long do you treat HSV

A
  • initial outbreak: 7-10 days
  • recurrences: 3-5 days
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26
Q

what is the etiology of influenza

A

influenza A or B

27
Q

what is the presentation of influenza

A
  • sudden onset fever, chills, HA, myalgia, malaise
  • nonproductive cough, sore throat, nasal discharge
28
Q

How do you diagnose influenza

A
  • rapid flu test
  • viral culture
29
Q

What is the treatment for influenza

A
  • antivirals (only within 48 hours of onset of symptoms)
  • supportive
30
Q

What are the options for influenza antiviral therapy? what is different about them

A
  • neuraminidase inhibitors (tamiflu, relenza, rapivab) this covers A AND B!!
  • NMDA receptor antagonists (amantadine, rimantadine) these ONLY cover A!!
31
Q

what are the flu vaccine reccomendations

A

all patients over 6 mo.

children under 8 who have never had the vaccine before should receive two doses.

32
Q

what is the etiology of measles

A

rubeola virus

33
Q

what is the communicable period of measles

A

4 days prior to the rash and 4 days after the rash

34
Q

what is the presentation of measles

A

Initial symptoms are mild for 2-3 days:
* low grade fever
* dry cough
* sore throat
* koplik spots

then symptoms worsen with rash:
* red blotchy skin rash starting on face along hairline and spreading to extremities
* fever as high as 104-105

35
Q

what is the treatment for measles

A
  • post exposure vaccine for non immunized patients
  • supportive care
36
Q

communicable period for mumps

A

up to 5 days after parotid gland swelling begins

37
Q

what is the presentation of mumps

A
  • fever
  • HA
  • muscle aches
  • parotitis
38
Q

what is the treatment of mumps

A

supportive care

39
Q

what are the complications of mumps

A
  • orchitis (males who have reached puberty)
  • encephalitis
  • oophoritis/mastitis (females who have reached puberty)
  • deafness
40
Q

what is the communicable period for rubella

A

contagious from 10 days before the onset of rash until 1-2 weeks after the rash disappears

41
Q

what is the presentation of rubella

A
  • mild fever and headache
  • congestion and conjunctivitis
  • rash beginning on face and spreading to extremities
  • postauricular and occipital LAD
42
Q

what can congenital rubella lead to

A
  • microcephaly
  • deafness
  • cataracts
  • cardiac defects
43
Q

how do you diagnose rubella

A

IgM antibody titers

44
Q

what is the treatment for rubella

A

supportive treatment and isolation

45
Q

what is the presentation of pertussis

A
  • catarrhal: sneezing, cough, runny nose
  • paroxysmal: forceful whooping cough
  • convalescent: symptoms diminish
46
Q

How do you diagnose pertussis

A

nasopharyngeal culture

47
Q

how do you treat pertussis

A

azithromycin

48
Q

what is the presentation of pinworms

A

perianal, nocturnal pruritus

49
Q

how do you diagnose pinworms

A

scotch tape test

50
Q

what is the treatment of pinworms

A
  • Albendazole or mebendazole
  • treat family members
  • wash clothes and sheets
51
Q

what is the etiology of roseola

A

HHV 6 and 7

52
Q

what is the presentation of roseola

A
  • high fever lasting 3-5 days
  • abrupt loss of fever with developement of rash
53
Q

what is the treatment for roseola

A

supportive

54
Q

what is the etiology of varicella

A

varicella zoster virus

55
Q

what is the communicable period of varicella

A

1-2 days before rash until all blisters have scabbed

56
Q

what is the presentation of varicella

A

vesicle on an erythematous base (dewdrop on a rose petal vesicle)

57
Q

how do you diagnose varicella

A

clinical and can be confirmed with serologic testing (PCR swab of lesion or IgM titer)

58
Q

how do you treat varicella

A
  • symptomatic relif (calamine lotion, clip fingernails, tylenol)
  • acyclovir/ valacyclovir for those at high risk.
  • varicella immunoglobulin for high risk individuals
59
Q

what is pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex

A

the MCC of nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease. It isn’t contagious and is MC in immunocomp people (HIV/AIDS or underlying lung disease)

60
Q

what is the presentation of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex

A
  • productive cough
  • weight loss
  • fever
  • night sweats
61
Q

presentation of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex

A
  • fever
  • weight loss
  • SOB
  • cough
  • abd pain and diarrhea
  • seen in advanced aids
62
Q

what type of MAC is MC in children?

A

lymphadenitis

63
Q

what is the treatment of MAC

A

macrolides
ethambutol
rifampin
fluoroquinolones
-for 12 months

Pediatric EOR exam (20 decks)

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