antivirals (shorten duration) symptomatic relief (viscous lidocaine)

Infectious Disease Flashcards by Billie Roberts

what is the presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia

milder form of pneumonia
bullous myringitis (associated with pharyngitis and/or AOM)
cough
scant sputum
also referred to as “walking pneumonia”

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What are the atypical causes of pneumonia

mycoplasma
legionella
chlamydia

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how do you diagnose mycoplasma pneumonia

NP swab is diagnostic
CXR (nondiagnostic, could be clear or have patchy infiltrates)
auscultation is typically CLEAR

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How do you treat mycoplasma pneumonia

azithromycin or doxycycline

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what is the etiology of mononucleosis

EBV (human herpesvirus 4)

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How is EBV transmitted

saliva and blood products

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what are the signs and symptoms of mononucleosis

malaise/fatigue
sore throat
tonsillar enlargement
myalgia
posterior LAD

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how do you diagnose mononucleosis

monospot test
EBV antibodies

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How is mononucleosis treated

fluids
antipyretics

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what is the etiology of erythema infectiosum (fifths disease, slapped cheeks)

parvovirus B19

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what is the communicable period for erythema infectiosum (parvo, slapped cheeks, fifths disease)

contagious before the rash, joint pain and swelling

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what is the presentation of erythema infectiosum (parvo, slapped cheeks, fifths disease)

fever, rhinitis, HA
slapped cheeks rash
lacy reticular rash over proximal extremities
painful joints

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How do you diagnose erythema infectiosum (parvo, slapped cheeks, fifths disease)

clinically

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How do you treat erythema infectiosum

symptomatic relief
IVIG for immunocomp patients

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What is the etiology of hand foot and mouth disease

coxsackievirus

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what is the communicable period of hand foot and mouth disease

until after blisters have disappeared

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what is the clinical presentation of hand foot and mouth disease

fever
sore throat
malaise
vesicles of palms, plantar, mouth, and buttocks

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how do you diagnose hand foot and mouth disease

clinically

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what is the treatment of hand foot and mouth disease

supportive
(topical oral antiseptic for mouth sores and OTC pain meds for general discomfort)

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where does HSV1 vs HSV2 tend to present

HSV1: oral
HSV2: genital

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what is the presentation of HSV

vesicles forming crusts and moist ulcers
viral prodrome

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what can cause HSV flares

febrile illness
hormonal changes
stress
sun exposure

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how do you diagnose HSV

cultures
tzank smear (multinucleated giant cells)

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how do you treat HSV

antivirals (shorten duration)
symptomatic relief (viscous lidocaine)

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how long do you treat HSV

* initial outbreak: 7-10 days * recurrences: 3-5 days

what is the etiology of influenza

influenza A or B

what is the presentation of influenza

* sudden onset fever, chills, HA, myalgia, malaise * nonproductive cough, sore throat, nasal discharge

How do you diagnose influenza

* rapid flu test * viral culture

What is the treatment for influenza

* antivirals (only within 48 hours of onset of symptoms) * supportive

What are the options for influenza antiviral therapy? what is different about them

* neuraminidase inhibitors (tamiflu, relenza, rapivab) this covers A AND B!! * NMDA receptor antagonists (amantadine, rimantadine) these ONLY cover A!!

what are the flu vaccine reccomendations

all patients over 6 mo. children under 8 who have never had the vaccine before should receive two doses.

what is the etiology of measles

rubeola virus

what is the communicable period of measles

4 days prior to the rash and 4 days after the rash

what is the presentation of measles

Initial symptoms are mild for 2-3 days: * low grade fever * dry cough * sore throat * koplik spots then symptoms worsen with rash: * red blotchy skin rash starting on face along hairline and spreading to extremities * fever as high as 104-105

what is the treatment for measles

* post exposure vaccine for non immunized patients * supportive care

communicable period for mumps

up to 5 days after parotid gland swelling begins

what is the presentation of mumps

* fever * HA * muscle aches * parotitis

what is the treatment of mumps

supportive care

what are the complications of mumps

* orchitis (males who have reached puberty) * encephalitis * oophoritis/mastitis (females who have reached puberty) * deafness

what is the communicable period for rubella

contagious from 10 days before the onset of rash until 1-2 weeks after the rash disappears

what is the presentation of rubella

* mild fever and headache * congestion and conjunctivitis * rash beginning on face and spreading to extremities * postauricular and occipital LAD

what can congenital rubella lead to

* microcephaly * deafness * cataracts * cardiac defects

how do you diagnose rubella

IgM antibody titers

what is the treatment for rubella

supportive treatment and isolation

what is the presentation of pertussis

* catarrhal: sneezing, cough, runny nose * paroxysmal: forceful whooping cough * convalescent: symptoms diminish

How do you diagnose pertussis

nasopharyngeal culture

how do you treat pertussis

azithromycin

what is the presentation of pinworms

perianal, nocturnal pruritus

how do you diagnose pinworms

scotch tape test

what is the treatment of pinworms

* Albendazole or mebendazole * treat family members * wash clothes and sheets

what is the etiology of roseola

HHV 6 and 7

what is the presentation of roseola

* high fever lasting 3-5 days * abrupt loss of fever with developement of rash

what is the treatment for roseola

supportive

what is the etiology of varicella

varicella zoster virus

what is the communicable period of varicella

1-2 days before rash until all blisters have scabbed

what is the presentation of varicella

vesicle on an erythematous base (dewdrop on a rose petal vesicle)

how do you diagnose varicella

clinical and can be confirmed with serologic testing (PCR swab of lesion or IgM titer)

how do you treat varicella

* symptomatic relif (calamine lotion, clip fingernails, tylenol) * acyclovir/ valacyclovir for those at high risk. * varicella immunoglobulin for high risk individuals

what is pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex

the MCC of nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease. It isn't contagious and is MC in immunocomp people (HIV/AIDS or underlying lung disease)

what is the presentation of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex

* productive cough * weight loss * fever * night sweats

presentation of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex

* fever * weight loss * SOB * cough * abd pain and diarrhea * seen in advanced aids

what type of MAC is MC in children?

lymphadenitis

what is the treatment of MAC

macrolides ethambutol rifampin fluoroquinolones -for 12 months