Pediatric Neurology and Developement Flashcards
what is the anticipatory guidance for dental evaluation
- should see dentist upon eruption of first tooth.
- should see dentist every 6 months after that
what is the teething process
-kids get fussy, cranky, and chew on objects
-may have fever
what is the guidance for car seats
- should ride rear facing until 2yo
- booster seat for 4yo and 40 lbs
- safety seat until 8yo and 4’9”
- ride in back seat until 13yo
what is anticipatory guidance for ATV riding
- only use on non-paved surfaces
- no passengers
- not use under 16yo
- always wear helmet
when does trisomy 21 typically occur
meiosis 1
How is fertility affected in down syndrome patients
- women are fertile
- males infertile
what are the s/s of trisomy 21
- hypotonia
- large tongue
- single palmar crease
- flat occiput and nasal bridge
- hypothyroidism
How do you diagnose trisomy 21
quad screen on mother in 2nd trimester
what quad screen values suggest trisomy 21
- low afp
- high inhibin A
- high hcg
- low estriol
what is the treatment of trisomy 21
- manage secondary conditions
- developmental support
what group is most at risk for febrile seizures
3-36 months
the more (…) a child has, the more at risk they are for a febrile seizure
self limited viral infections
do simple febrile seizures have any long-term consequences?
no
are prophylactic anticonvulsants recommended for febrile seizures?
no
what is the MCC of febrile seizures
viral illnesses
what vaccines are given at birth
Hep B
what vaccines are given at 2,4,6 months
DTap, polio, Hep B, Hib, pneumonia, Rotovirus
what vaccines are given at 12 months
Hib, pneumonia, MMR, Varicella, Hep A
what vaccines are given at 15 months
DTaP, HIB, pneumonia
what vaccines are given at 4-6 years
DTaP, polio, MMR, and varicella.
when is the HPV vaccine administered
- recommended 11-12yo but can be given from 9-45
- before 15yo: 2 doses, 6-12 months apart
- after 15yo: 3 doses, 1-2 months and then 6 months apart
when is the meningitis ACWY administered
- 1st dose 11-13
- 2nd dose 16-18
when is meningitis B vaccine administered
- 1st dose 16-18
- 2nd dose 1-6 months later
when is the flu vaccine administered
starting at 6 months. 1st time vaccination requires 2 doses. then once yearly after that
what are the CI for the live attenuated flu vaccine (flumist)
- children under 2
- hx of asthma
- close contact with immunocompromised individual
what are s/s of viral meningitis
- acute onset
- fever, abd pain, vomiting
- rash
- full fontanelles
- HA
- meningeal signs in older children
what is the MCC of viral meningitis
Enterovirus
what is the treatment of viral meningitis
- supportive
- antivirals if HSV is causing it
what are the s/s of pneumococcal meningitis
- fever and chills
- convulsions
- neck stiffness
- bulging fontanelle
- HA
- vomiting
- meningeal signs
what is the treatment of pneumococcal meningitis
Rocephin + Vanc
when is chemoprophylaxis for neisseria meningitidis suggested? what is the prophylactic treatment
Rifampin for anyone exposed to respiratory secretions
what are the s/s of neisseria meningitis
- HA
- n/v
- convulsions
- rash
- permanent neurologic damage
what is the treatment of neisseria meningitis
- vanc + rocephin
- PCN if susceptible
when does teething begin
6 months
what is the etiology of turners syndrome
loss of X chromosome (XO)
what are the s/s of turners syndrome
- webbed neck
- low set ears
- shield chest
- coarced aorta
- horseshoe kidney
- absent puberty
what is the treatment of turners syndrome
estrogen replacement
how do you diagnose turners syndrome
genetic testing.
