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Pediatric EOR exam > ENOT/Opthalmology > Flashcards

ENOT/Opthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the etiology of AOM

A

Viral URI that leads to bacteria

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2
Q

what are the MC organisms for AOM

A
  • strep Pneumo
  • M. Cat
  • H. Flu
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3
Q

How do eustachian tubes of children differ from eustachian tubes of adults

A

children’s eustachian tubes are shorter and more horizontal

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4
Q

what are the s/s of AOM

A
  • preceding URI
  • fever, otalgia, otorrhea, irritability, tugging at ears
  • inflammation of TM
  • bulging TM
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5
Q

How do you treat AOM?

A
  • amoxicillin
  • PCN allergy = erythromycin-sulfisoxazole

I saw this PCN allergy thing on kaplan, must be an updated thing. Idk, take it as you will lol.

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6
Q

what is the etiology of strep pharyngitis

A

GAS

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7
Q

what are S/S of strep pharyngitis

A
  • sore throat
  • absence of cough
  • anterior cervical LAD
  • palatal petechiae
  • tonsillar exudates
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8
Q

How do you treat strep pharyngitis

A
  • PCN or amoxicillin
  • PCN allergy = keflex or cefdinir or azithromycin or clinda

change toothbrush after 24 hours!

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9
Q

history of patient with allergic rhinitis

A
  • family and personal history of allergy symptoms
  • dermatitis and eczema and asthma
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10
Q

what are s/s of allergic rhinitis

A

-rhinorrhea
-sneezing
-nasal obstruction
-itching
-cough
-shiners
-salute sign
-pale, boggy mucosa
-cobblestoning

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11
Q

Management of allergic rhinitis

A
  • intranasal steroids
  • antihistamines
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12
Q

what are the s/s of bacterial conjunctivitis

A
  • purulent discharge
  • conjunctival injection
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13
Q

what is the MCC of bacterial conjunctivitis in children

A

strep pneumo

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14
Q

what is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis

A
  • polytrim eye drops (polymyxin B/ trimethoprim)
  • could also use erythromycin drops
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15
Q

what is the treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis

A

rocephin

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16
Q

what is the treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

azithromycin (1G oral one dose)

or doxycycline

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17
Q

what is the MC infectious cause of blindness

A

chlamydial conjunctivitis

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18
Q

what are the s/s of viral conjunctivitis

A
  • watery drainage
  • BILATERAL red or pink eye
  • foreign body sensation
  • preauricular LAD
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19
Q

what is the MCC of viral conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus

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20
Q

what is the treatment of viral conjunctivitis

A
  • cool compress
  • artificial tears
  • antihistamines for itching/redness
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21
Q

what are s/s of allergic conjunctivitis

A
  • BILATERAL red eyes
  • itching
  • clear watery discharge
  • cobblestoning on inner and upper eyelid
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22
Q

what is the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

A
  • topical antihistamines (olopatadine)
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23
Q

what is the etiology of epiglottitis

A

H influenza (Hib)

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24
Q

what are the clinical findings of epiglottitis

A
  • rapid onset of fever and dysphagia
  • drooling, tripod stance and inspiratory stridor
  • toxic appearance
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25
Q

how do you diagnose epiglottitis

A
  • xray of lateral soft tissue of the neck showing thumbprint sign
  • also clinically with visualization of cherry red epiglottis
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26
Q

what is the treatment for epiglottitis

A
  • maintain the airway
  • IV vanc and rocephin
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27
Q

what is the MC type of epistaxis

A

anterior bleed from kiesselbachs plexus

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28
Q

how do you manage anterior epistaxis

A
  • pressure on site with sitting leaning forward
  • if bleeding continues: vasoconstriction (via cocaine, lidocaine, epi) or silver nitrate
  • if continues: nasal packing (gross)

rosh said oxymetolazine 1st line for vasoconstriction then phenylephrine

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29
Q

what is the management of posterior epistaxis

A

packing via foley, gauze or intranasal balloon device

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30
Q

What must be given to all patients when they recieve nasal packing

A

prophylactic antibiotics for TSS

(augmentin, keflex or bactrim is what is recommended via my personal research)

31
Q

what is the MC congenital abnormality in newborns

A

hearing loss

32
Q

how are hearing screenings performed

A
  • birth to 3: behavioral and language responses
  • 4+: audiometry
33
Q

what is the etiology of mastoiditis

A

untreated OM

34
Q

what is the presentation of mastoiditis

A
  • fever
  • otalgia and proptosis
  • erythema to the posterior ear (mastoid process)
35
Q

how do you diagnose mastoiditis

A

CT scan

36
Q

what is the treatment of mastoiditis

A

IV rocephin followed by oral augmentin

37
Q

what are risk factors for oral candidiasis

A
  • young infants
  • DM
  • immunocompromised
38
Q

what is the presentation of oral candidiasis

A
  • burning of the tongue
  • creamy curd on the tongue and mucosa
  • CAN be scraped off
39
Q

how do you diagnose oral candidiasis

A
  • mostly clinical
  • wet prep with KOH
40
Q

what is the treatment of oral candidiasis

A

oral nystatin

41
Q

what is the etiology of orbital cellulitis

A

acute sinusitis

42
Q

what is the presentation of orbital cellulitis

A
  • fever
  • pain and erythema with ptosis and chemosis
  • limited EOM!!!
43
Q

How do you diagnose orbital cellulitis

A

orbital CT

44
Q

what is the treatment of orbital cellulitis

A
  • IV vanc + rocephin
  • then switch to PO bactrim for 2-5 weeks
45
Q

what is the MCC of otitis externa

A

psuedomonas

46
Q

what are the s/s of acute otitis externa

A
  • itching
  • pain with palpation of tragus or traction of auricle
  • purulent discharge
47
Q

what is the treatment of otitis externa

A
  • topical antibiotics (cipro or ofloxacin)
  • ear wick
48
Q

what is the treatment of diffuse otitis externa

A

oral cipro

49
Q

who is diffuse otitis externa MC seen in?

A

immunocompromised patients

50
Q

what is furunculosis

A

infection of hair follicle in the ear

51
Q

what is the MCC of acute otitis externa 2/2 furnuculosis

A

staph aureus

52
Q

how do you treat furunculosis otitis externa

A
  • oral dicloxacillin or keflex
  • I&D if needed
53
Q

what is the etiology of otomycosis

A

aspergillosis and/or candidiasis

54
Q

what is the presentation of otomycosis

A
  • deep seated itching
  • foreign body sensation in ear
  • soft white sebaceous-like material that fills ear canal
55
Q

what is the treatment of otomycosis

A

clotrimazole 1% solution BID

56
Q

what is the etiology of non-infective otitis externa

A
  • seborrheic dermatitis
  • psoriasis
  • contact dermatitis
57
Q

what is the treatment of non-infective otitis externa

A

topical steroids

58
Q

what is the etiology of malignant otitis externa

A

pseudomonas

59
Q

what is the presentation of malignant/necrotizing otitis externa

A
  • severe deep seated otalgia out of proportion to exam findings
  • granulation tissue at the bony cartilaginous junction of the ear canal floor
60
Q

how do you diagnose chronic otitis externa

A
  • CT
  • biopsy of granulation tissue
61
Q

what is the treatment of chronic otitis externa

A

IV and oral cipro

62
Q

what is the etiology of peritonsillar abscess

A
  • strep pyogenes
  • staph aureus
63
Q

what is the presentation of peritonsillar abscesses

A
  • unilateral swelling with a deviated uvula
  • drooling, odynophagia, muffled voice
  • severe sore throat
64
Q

How do you diagnose peritonsillar abscess

A

CT w contrast

65
Q

what is the management for peritonsillar abscess

A
  • airway management
  • unasyn or clinda IV then switch to augmentin or clinda PO
66
Q

what is strabismus

A

crossed eyes

67
Q

what are the types of strabismus

A
  • esotropia (inward)
  • exotropia (outward)
  • hypertropia (upward)
  • hypotropia (downward)
68
Q

what is a corneal light reflex

A

shine a light toward a child’s eye. the light should be reflected in the same spot in the two corneas.

69
Q

what is the cover test

A
  • child fixated on target in distance
  • briefly cover one eye
  • watch for eye to refixate when covering the other eye
70
Q

what is the cover/uncover test

A
  • child visually fixates on item in distance
  • watch for eye to deviate when covering and uncovering
71
Q

what is the bruckner red reflex

A

shine light on eyes to make sure both red reflexes are the same

72
Q

what is the treatment of strabismus

A
  • corrective lenses
  • patching
  • surgery
73
Q

what is the treatment of a ruptured TM

A
  • audiogram
  • oral amoxicillin
  • earplugs when swimming and bathing
  • resolves spontaneously

Pediatric EOR exam (20 decks)

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