Pediatric Hematology Flashcards
1
Q
hemophilia and their correlated clotting factor
A
- hemophilia A: factor VIII
- hemophilia B: factor XI
2
Q
s/s of hemophilia
A
- hemarthrosis
- bruising
- easy bleeding
- only in males
3
Q
diagnosis of hemophilia
A
- low clotting factor
- prolonges PTT
4
Q
treatment of hemophilia A
A
- mild: desmopressin
- moderate/severe: factor VIII concentrate
5
Q
treatment of hemophilia B
A
factor IX concentrate
6
Q
patient education fo hemophilia
A
avoid contact sports
7
Q
MC inherited bleeding disorder
A
von Willebrand disease
8
Q
Types of von Willebrand disease
A
- Type I: quantity deficient
- Type II: quality impaired
- Type III: severe absent vWF
9
Q
s/s of von willebrand
A
- bleeding from trivial wounds
- oral cavity bleeding
- excessive menstrual bleeding
10
Q
Treatment of von Willebrand Disease
A
desmopressin
11
Q
hemophilia C
A
factor XI deficiency
12
Q
treatment of factor XI deficiency
A
factor XI or FFP
13
Q
s/s of immune thrombocytic purpura
A
sudden appearance of petechial rash, bruising, or bleeding in a healthy kid
14
Q
diagnosis of ITP
A
isolated thrombocytopenia
15
Q
management of ITP
A
- initial management is watchful waiting
- severe: steroids first line, then IVIG
16
Q
etiology of TTP
A
ADAMTS13 deficiency
17
Q
presentation of TTP
A
- neurologic sx
- fatigue
- petechiae
18
Q
diagnosis of TTP
A
- anemia
- thrombocytopenia
- schistocytosis
19
Q
treatment of TTP
A
plasma exchange with FFP
20
Q
etiology of HUS
A
E.coli
21
Q
s/s of HUS
A
- gastroenteritis
- lethargy
- seizures
- HTN
- renal failure
- edema
22
Q
diagnosis of HUS
A
- elevated BUN/Cr
- anemia
- thrombocytopenia
- ecoli in stool
23
Q
treatment of HUS
A
- typical: supportive
- not caused by ecoli (atypical): plasma exchange
24
Q
etiology of DIC
A
- sepsis
- snake bite
- cancer
- trauma
- aneurysm
25
s/s of DIC
blood oozing out of multiple sites
26
diagnosis of DIC
* prolonged PT/PTT
* thrombocytopenia
27
treatment of DIC
blood products
28
screening for anemia in kids
at 1 and 2
29
why do we see anemia in 12 month olds?
transition from formula to milk
30
s/s of anemia
pale, fatigue, shortness of breath, tachycardia
31
MC malignancy in children
ALL
32
s/s of ALL
* bone pain
* weakness
* intermittent fevers
* petechiae
* infections
33
diagnosis of ALL
* lymphoblasts on smear
* pancytopenia
34
technique for diagnosis of ALL
bone marrow aspirate
35
treatment of ALL
* phase 1: induction chemo
*phase 2: chemo and radiation
*phase 3: maintenance oral chemo and mtx and oral steroids
36
s/s of AML
* flu like symptoms
* fatigue
* poor appetite
* bleeding
* infection
37
diagnosis of AML
blasts on smear
38
treatment of AML
* phase 1: induction chemo
* phase 2: intrathecal chemo and radiation
* phase 3: high dose chemo
39
S/S of Hodgkin's Lymphoma
* painless cervical lymphadenopathy
* mediastinal mass
* constitutional sx
40
diagnosis of hodgkin's lymphoma
biopsy of node shows reed sternberg cells
41
Treatment of Hodgkin's Lymphoma
chemo
42
S/S of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
* night sweats
* cough
* SOB
* weight loss
* swollen lymph nodes
43
MC site of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
abdomen
44
types of non-hodgkin lymphoma
* burkitt: abd pain, distention
* lymphoblastic: ALL like sx
* large cell: doesn't spread as quickly
45
Diagnosis of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
lymph node biopsy
46
Treatment of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
chemo and sometimes radiation
47
triad of brain tumor presentation
* morning HA
* vomiting
* papilledema
48
MC glioma of childhood
astrocytoma
49
diagnosis of brain tumors
MRI with confirmation via biopsy
50
brain stem gliomas
* middle of brainstem
* challenging to treat
51
ependymoma
* lining of the ventricles
* blocks CSF flow
52
MC malignant brain tumor
Medulloblastoma
53
location of neuroblastoma
adrenal medulla
54
s/s of neuroblastoma
* bone pain
* fixed, solid, abdominal mass extending beyond midline
55
treatment of neuroblastoma
surgery, chemo, radiation
56
s/s of lead poisoning
* weakness
* irritability
* weight loss
* vomiting
* ataxia
* HA
* retarded development
57
screening for lead poisoning
blood test at 1 and 2
58
treatment of lead poisoning
* levels over 45: chelation with succimer
* levels over 70: hospitalize
59
drugs used for chelation of lead
* calcium disodium EDTA
* dimercaprol
* succimer
* d-penicillamine
60
neutropenia levels
* mild: ANC>1000 and <1800
* moderate: ANC>500 and <1000
* severe: ANC<500
61
etiologies of neutropenia
* insufficient production
* shift in neutrophils from circulating pool to marginal blood
* destruction due to autoimmune disorders
* medication
62
complications of neutropenia
infection
63
when to refer to heme for neutropenia?
ANC below 1000
64
management of neutropenia
* myeloid growth factors
* if med caused, stop med
* if autoimmune, steroids
