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Pediatric EOR exam > Pediatric Hematology > Flashcards

Pediatric Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

hemophilia and their correlated clotting factor

A
  • hemophilia A: factor VIII
  • hemophilia B: factor XI
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2
Q

s/s of hemophilia

A
  • hemarthrosis
  • bruising
  • easy bleeding
  • only in males
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3
Q

diagnosis of hemophilia

A
  • low clotting factor
  • prolonges PTT
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4
Q

treatment of hemophilia A

A
  • mild: desmopressin
  • moderate/severe: factor VIII concentrate
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5
Q

treatment of hemophilia B

A

factor IX concentrate

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6
Q

patient education fo hemophilia

A

avoid contact sports

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7
Q

MC inherited bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

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8
Q

Types of von Willebrand disease

A
  • Type I: quantity deficient
  • Type II: quality impaired
  • Type III: severe absent vWF
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9
Q

s/s of von willebrand

A
  • bleeding from trivial wounds
  • oral cavity bleeding
  • excessive menstrual bleeding
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10
Q

Treatment of von Willebrand Disease

A

desmopressin

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11
Q

hemophilia C

A

factor XI deficiency

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12
Q

treatment of factor XI deficiency

A

factor XI or FFP

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13
Q

s/s of immune thrombocytic purpura

A

sudden appearance of petechial rash, bruising, or bleeding in a healthy kid

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14
Q

diagnosis of ITP

A

isolated thrombocytopenia

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15
Q

management of ITP

A
  • initial management is watchful waiting
  • severe: steroids first line, then IVIG
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16
Q

etiology of TTP

A

ADAMTS13 deficiency

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17
Q

presentation of TTP

A
  • neurologic sx
  • fatigue
  • petechiae
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18
Q

diagnosis of TTP

A
  • anemia
  • thrombocytopenia
  • schistocytosis
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19
Q

treatment of TTP

A

plasma exchange with FFP

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20
Q

etiology of HUS

A

E.coli

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21
Q

s/s of HUS

A
  • gastroenteritis
  • lethargy
  • seizures
  • HTN
  • renal failure
  • edema
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22
Q

diagnosis of HUS

A
  • elevated BUN/Cr
  • anemia
  • thrombocytopenia
  • ecoli in stool
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23
Q

treatment of HUS

A
  • typical: supportive
  • not caused by ecoli (atypical): plasma exchange
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24
Q

etiology of DIC

A
  • sepsis
  • snake bite
  • cancer
  • trauma
  • aneurysm
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25
Q

s/s of DIC

A

blood oozing out of multiple sites

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26
Q

diagnosis of DIC

A
  • prolonged PT/PTT
  • thrombocytopenia
27
Q

treatment of DIC

A

blood products

28
Q

screening for anemia in kids

A

at 1 and 2

29
Q

why do we see anemia in 12 month olds?

A

transition from formula to milk

30
Q

s/s of anemia

A

pale, fatigue, shortness of breath, tachycardia

31
Q

MC malignancy in children

A

ALL

32
Q

s/s of ALL

A
  • bone pain
  • weakness
  • intermittent fevers
  • petechiae
  • infections
33
Q

diagnosis of ALL

A
  • lymphoblasts on smear
  • pancytopenia
34
Q

technique for diagnosis of ALL

A

bone marrow aspirate

35
Q

treatment of ALL

A
  • phase 1: induction chemo
    *phase 2: chemo and radiation
    *phase 3: maintenance oral chemo and mtx and oral steroids
36
Q

s/s of AML

A
  • flu like symptoms
  • fatigue
  • poor appetite
  • bleeding
  • infection
37
Q

diagnosis of AML

A

blasts on smear

38
Q

treatment of AML

A
  • phase 1: induction chemo
  • phase 2: intrathecal chemo and radiation
  • phase 3: high dose chemo
39
Q

S/S of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A
  • painless cervical lymphadenopathy
  • mediastinal mass
  • constitutional sx
40
Q

diagnosis of hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

biopsy of node shows reed sternberg cells

41
Q

Treatment of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

chemo

42
Q

S/S of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A
  • night sweats
  • cough
  • SOB
  • weight loss
  • swollen lymph nodes
43
Q

MC site of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

abdomen

44
Q

types of non-hodgkin lymphoma

A
  • burkitt: abd pain, distention
  • lymphoblastic: ALL like sx
  • large cell: doesn’t spread as quickly
45
Q

Diagnosis of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

lymph node biopsy

46
Q

Treatment of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

chemo and sometimes radiation

47
Q

triad of brain tumor presentation

A
  • morning HA
  • vomiting
  • papilledema
48
Q

MC glioma of childhood

A

astrocytoma

49
Q

diagnosis of brain tumors

A

MRI with confirmation via biopsy

50
Q

brain stem gliomas

A
  • middle of brainstem
  • challenging to treat
51
Q

ependymoma

A
  • lining of the ventricles
  • blocks CSF flow
52
Q

MC malignant brain tumor

A

Medulloblastoma

53
Q

location of neuroblastoma

A

adrenal medulla

54
Q

s/s of neuroblastoma

A
  • bone pain
  • fixed, solid, abdominal mass extending beyond midline
55
Q

treatment of neuroblastoma

A

surgery, chemo, radiation

56
Q

s/s of lead poisoning

A
  • weakness
  • irritability
  • weight loss
  • vomiting
  • ataxia
  • HA
  • retarded development
57
Q

screening for lead poisoning

A

blood test at 1 and 2

58
Q

treatment of lead poisoning

A
  • levels over 45: chelation with succimer
  • levels over 70: hospitalize
59
Q

drugs used for chelation of lead

A
  • calcium disodium EDTA
  • dimercaprol
  • succimer
  • d-penicillamine
60
Q

neutropenia levels

A
  • mild: ANC>1000 and <1800
  • moderate: ANC>500 and <1000
  • severe: ANC<500
61
Q

etiologies of neutropenia

A
  • insufficient production
  • shift in neutrophils from circulating pool to marginal blood
  • destruction due to autoimmune disorders
  • medication
62
Q

complications of neutropenia

A

infection

63
Q

when to refer to heme for neutropenia?

A

ANC below 1000

64
Q

management of neutropenia

A
  • myeloid growth factors
  • if med caused, stop med
  • if autoimmune, steroids

Pediatric EOR exam (20 decks)

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