Pediatrics Flashcards
Membranous pharyngitis is cause by what disease ?
Diphtheria
Kid in the summer with staccato cough, then whoop and possibly post-tussive vomiting
Whooping cough
Bordatella pertussis
Tetanus can be contracted how
Wound in contact with contaminated soil containing spores from animal manure
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, Coryza prodrome
Koplik spots
Maculopapular rash - starts on neck/trunk and spreads outward
Paramyxovirus
Rubeola
Salivary gland disease
Paramyxovirus
Mumps “parotitis”
Maculopapular rash starts on face and progresses to toes
Rash on Head, then down
Rubivirus
Rubella
“Dew drop on a rose petal”
Varicella
Erythema infectiosum
Fifths disease
Slapped cheek syndrome
Parvovirus B 19
School aged children
Facial flushing followed by Lacy, pink macular rash on torso and extremities
In pregnant women: can cause hydrops fetalis
Roseola
HHV-6
Benign, but seems bad, Can have febrile seizure
Abrupt high fever for 4 days then stops
Fever breaks, Then rash appears
Hand Foot Mouth
Coxsackievirus
Daycare and preschool age
Late summer and fall
Painful oral ulcers, low fever, gray red vesicles on palms and soles
Acute otitis media pathogens
H.flu, M.cat, strep. pneumo
Strep pneumo is most common
Why treat strep throat?
Prevent sequela of acute rheumatic fever
Prevent peritonsillar abscess, otitis media, sepsis
Prevent transmission to others
Viral pharyngitis
Sore throat with URI
Group A strep
Beefy red throat, tonsillar exudate, petechiae on soft palat
Scarlet fever rash (sandpaper rash)
Peritonsillar abscess
Complication of Group A strep throat
Asymmetrical tonsillar bulge
Displacement of uvula
Muffled voice, drooling, Trismus, high fever
Tx: I&D and antibiotics
Hallmark of epiglottitis
Child with severe sore throat, fever, drooling, sitting in sniffing position, with labored breathing
Lateral neck with “thumb print sign”
Treatment of epiglottitis – if have this must not have been immunized!
3rd generation cephalosporin
Steeple sign on xray Classic sign of what
Croup
Treatment of croup
Hydration and humidity
Nebulized epinephrine and steroids if more sever
Most common cause of inspiratory strider in kids
Croup
Most common lower respiratory illness in infants
RSV
RSV symptoms (also called acute bronchiolitis)
1-2 days of URI with low fever Clear rhinorrhea and cough WHEEZING / crackles Tachypnea Hypoxemia
Admit: if
Hyaline Membrane Disease
Deficiency of surfactant
Ground glass on xray
Localized hyperinflation and mediastinal shift on xray in or with chronic cough and wheeze
Foreign body
Most common innocent murmur in child
Stills murmur
Common childhood murmur heard after age 3
Continuous musical hum
Disappears when child lays flat
Venous Hum
Murmur with R ventricular heave and widely split and fixed S2 in Asymptomatic kid
Most common
ASD
Machinery murmur
More common in females
Patent PDA
Tx: high dose NSAIDs -indomethacin
Surgery
Disparity of pulses and CHF in infancy
Coarctation of aorta
Tetralogy of fallot parts
VSD
Pulmonary stenosis
Over-riding aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Boot shaped heart
Tetralogy of Fallot
Rheumatic fever
2 major and 1 minor
Major: carditis, polyarthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules
Minor: fever, arthralgia, elevated ESR or CRP
Severe viral gastroenteritis in kids worldwide
Rotavirus
