ENT

Question 1

Rinne

Bone then air

Answer 1

Conduction loss– if equal …

Sensorineural hearing loss– if air conduction > bone conduction

Question 2

Auricular hematoma

Answer 2

Incise and Drain

Question 3

External otitis

Answer 3

Hallmark: tenderness of the Tragus when push and pinna when pull.

Pathogens: pseudomonas and staph

Topical therapy : cortosporin, polymyxin

Question 4

Viral otitis externa

Answer 4

Ramsay hunt syndrome - herpes zoster oticus —shingles in the ear

Question 5

Eustachian tube dysfunction

Answer 5

Associated with viral illness or allergies.

Ear fullness, popping, cackling, mild mod hearing loss

Question 6

Barotrauma

Answer 6

ETD then fly…. Conductive Hearing loss, Otalgia, tinnitus
Can progress to TM perforation

Should heal in 4 weeks
Abx only if otitis media too.

Question 7

Mastoiditis

Answer 7

Intra temporal complication of acute otitis media
Fever and ear proptosis, pain around ear

CT scan : loss mastoid air trabeculations
IV abx : Strep pneumo, h.flu, strep. Pyrogenes

Question 8

Tinnitus

Answer 8

Most common cause is SNHL, presbycusis

Could be side effect

Question 9

BPPV

Answer 9

Positive Dix Hall Pike

Treat with epley maneuver

Question 10

Labyrinthitis

Answer 10

Vertigo accompanied by hearing loss after viral illness

Corticosteroids may help

Question 11

Meniere disease

Answer 11

Episodic vertigo
SNHL at lower frequencies
Tinnitus
Aural fullness

Tx: lifestyle adjustments to avoid trigger. Salt restriction.
Diuretics for some

Question 12

Vestibular schwanomma

Aka… Acoustic neuroma

Answer 12

Unilateral sudden hearing loss

Cranial nerve XIII

MRI is gold standard for Dx

Question 13

Chronic rhinosinusitis

Answer 13

Recurrent : 4 or more episodes / year

Chronic: 12 weeks with inflammation documented on nasal scope

Question 14

Allergic rhinitis treatment

Answer 14

Mainstay of treatment : Intranasal glucocorticoid

Or

Oral antihistamine can help.
Typically not taken together

Question 15

Rhinitis medicamentosa

Answer 15

Prolonged use of Afrin

Rebound congestion

Question 16

Nasal polyps

Answer 16

Adults: chronic sinusitis, asthma, ASPIRIN sensitivity

Children: cystic fibrosis

Tx: Intranasal corticosteroid

Question 17

Samters triad

Answer 17

Asthma, aspirin sensitivity, and nasal polyps

Question 18

Epistaxis most common location

Answer 18

Anterior is most common– 90% in kiesselbachs plexus

Posterior- posterolateral branch of sphenopalatine artery

Question 19

How long can nasal packing stay in place?

Answer 19

24-48 hrs

> 72hrs risk of infection

Question 20

Nasal foreign body

Answer 20

Unilateral Discharge

Question 21

Leukoplakia

Answer 21

White plaques, cannot be removed

Can progress to cancer

Question 22

Erythroplakia

Answer 22

Red plaques on tongue

Compared to leukoplakia, more likely to progress to cancer

Biopsy

Question 23

Oral hairy leukoplakia

Answer 23

Pt with lateral tongue changes that has HIV usually..

Not premalignant

Ebstein Barr virus –

Question 24

Acute Sialadenitis

Answer 24

Mumps

Staph aureus

Question 25

Saliolithiasis

Answer 25

Calculus in the salivary duct Submandibular gland usually affected Conservative therapy : warm compress, sialogogue, analgesics

Question 26

Weber test

Answer 26

Goes through bone Conductive loss-- something wrong with ear bones -- lateralizes to bad ear This is bc not as much competing sound in the environment. Sensorineural loss --lateralizes to good ear

Question 27

Ramsey Hunt Syndrome

Answer 27

Vesicles in ear canal, facial paresis, and pain caused by herpes virus

Question 28

Bullous myringitis

Answer 28

Severe ear pain and bullae on the TM

Question 29

Pathogen for bullpus myringitis Tx:

Answer 29

Mycoplasma Tx: