ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Rinne

Bone then air

A

Conduction loss– if equal …

Sensorineural hearing loss– if air conduction > bone conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Auricular hematoma

A

Incise and Drain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

External otitis

A

Hallmark: tenderness of the Tragus when push and pinna when pull.

Pathogens: pseudomonas and staph

Topical therapy : cortosporin, polymyxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Viral otitis externa

A

Ramsay hunt syndrome - herpes zoster oticus —shingles in the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Eustachian tube dysfunction

A

Associated with viral illness or allergies.

Ear fullness, popping, cackling, mild mod hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Barotrauma

A

ETD then fly…. Conductive Hearing loss, Otalgia, tinnitus
Can progress to TM perforation

Should heal in 4 weeks
Abx only if otitis media too.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mastoiditis

A

Intra temporal complication of acute otitis media
Fever and ear proptosis, pain around ear

CT scan : loss mastoid air trabeculations
IV abx : Strep pneumo, h.flu, strep. Pyrogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tinnitus

A

Most common cause is SNHL, presbycusis

Could be side effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

BPPV

A

Positive Dix Hall Pike

Treat with epley maneuver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

Vertigo accompanied by hearing loss after viral illness

Corticosteroids may help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Meniere disease

A

Episodic vertigo
SNHL at lower frequencies
Tinnitus
Aural fullness

Tx: lifestyle adjustments to avoid trigger. Salt restriction.
Diuretics for some

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vestibular schwanomma

Aka… Acoustic neuroma

A

Unilateral sudden hearing loss

Cranial nerve XIII

MRI is gold standard for Dx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chronic rhinosinusitis

A

Recurrent : 4 or more episodes / year

Chronic: 12 weeks with inflammation documented on nasal scope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Allergic rhinitis treatment

A

Mainstay of treatment : Intranasal glucocorticoid

Or

Oral antihistamine can help.
Typically not taken together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rhinitis medicamentosa

A

Prolonged use of Afrin

Rebound congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nasal polyps

A

Adults: chronic sinusitis, asthma, ASPIRIN sensitivity

Children: cystic fibrosis

Tx: Intranasal corticosteroid

17
Q

Samters triad

A

Asthma, aspirin sensitivity, and nasal polyps

18
Q

Epistaxis most common location

A

Anterior is most common– 90% in kiesselbachs plexus

Posterior- posterolateral branch of sphenopalatine artery

19
Q

How long can nasal packing stay in place?

A

24-48 hrs

> 72hrs risk of infection

20
Q

Nasal foreign body

A

Unilateral Discharge

21
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White plaques, cannot be removed

Can progress to cancer

22
Q

Erythroplakia

A

Red plaques on tongue

Compared to leukoplakia, more likely to progress to cancer

Biopsy

23
Q

Oral hairy leukoplakia

A

Pt with lateral tongue changes that has HIV usually..

Not premalignant

Ebstein Barr virus –

24
Q

Acute Sialadenitis

A

Mumps

Staph aureus

25
Q

Saliolithiasis

A

Calculus in the salivary duct

Submandibular gland usually affected

Conservative therapy : warm compress, sialogogue, analgesics

26
Q

Weber test

A

Goes through bone

Conductive loss– something wrong with ear bones – lateralizes to bad ear
This is bc not as much competing sound in the environment.
Sensorineural loss –lateralizes to good ear

27
Q

Ramsey Hunt Syndrome

A

Vesicles in ear canal, facial paresis, and pain

caused by herpes virus

28
Q

Bullous myringitis

A

Severe ear pain and bullae on the TM

29
Q

Pathogen for bullpus myringitis

Tx:

A

Mycoplasma

Tx: