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PANRE > Infectious disease > Flashcards

Infectious disease Flashcards

1
Q

Blastomycosis

A

Soil exposure along Ohio River Valley

Asymptomatic or pulmonary sxs

Dx: Biopsy
Tx: itraconozole / amphotericin B

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2
Q

Cocciodiomycosis

A

“San Joaquin Valley Fever”

Flu like illness, cough, night sweats

Tx: generally none unless severe

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3
Q

Pneumocystosis

A

Pneumocystis jirovici (carinii)

AIDS/ immunocompromised

Fever, cough, hypoxia out of proportion to exam
Cxr: interstitial infiltrates
Tx: TMP-SMX

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4
Q

Cryptococcosis

A

AIDS/ immunocompromised

Fungal meningitis

INDIA INK STAIN

Refer

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5
Q

Candidiasis

A

Vulvar itching and erythema with white curdy discharge

KOH : Hyphae

Tx: -conozole cream

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6
Q

Malaria

A

Chills, fever, sweats

Thick and thin blood smears

Travel hx

Mefloquine (malarone) prophylaxis

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7
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Pregnant lady handling cat litter

HA, AMS, seizure

Head CT w ring enhancing mass lesions

Tx: refer

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8
Q

Varicella zoster

A

Transmit w/ Respiratory secretions and not so much by contact w vesicles

First exposure : chicken pox
Reactivation: shingles (herpes zoster)

Herpes zoster tx: valcyclovir. /
IV acyclovir if serious

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9
Q

Ebstein Barr Virus

A

Mono

Rash when given amoxicillin

+monospot

Tx: supportive, no contact sports due to risk of splenic rupture

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10
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

Similar to Mono!

Transmitted sexually usually or respiratory secretions

#1 cause for AIDS associated blindness 
Igm/IgG testing

Tx: ganciclovir

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11
Q

Herpes virus 8

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A

Red purple Macules papules nodules

AIDS pts

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12
Q

Rabies

A

Bite wounds from bats

99% fatal if not treated

Tx: clean wound, infiltrate human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) around wound , then give rabies Vaccine 4 injections

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13
Q

HIV

A

“Mono like illness”

Rash 40-80%, mucocutaneous ulceration distinctive feature

Screening test : ELIZA
Confirmatory test: Western Blot

Tx: combo of at least 3 drugs emtricibine, tenofivir, efavirenz anything ending in –navir like lopinavir

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14
Q

HIV

opportunistic infections and treatment

A

Pneumocytosis CD4

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15
Q

Tetanus

A

Hyper-reflexia

Trismus – “lock jaw”

Tx: supportive care
—–Beta blocker can help

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16
Q

Botulism

A

Home canned foods
Honey
Wounds - black tar heroin

Tx : admit. Intubation if needed. Needs Botulinum Antitoxin

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17
Q

Lyme disease

A

Stage 1 : Erythema migrans, Bell’s palsy

Stage 2: AV block 5%

Stage 3: Chronic arthritis

Doxycycline 14-21 days

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18
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Flu like illness prodrome

Red macular rash on wrists / ankles and spreading centrally, then turns petechiael

Tx: doxycycline

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19
Q

Ehrlichiosis // anaplasmosis

A

Fever / chills, HA, myalgias

Hallmark:: Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

Rash—- typically involves trunk, spares hands / feet and not associated with tick bite area

Tx: doxy (even KIDS)

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20
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Frothy green discharge

colpitis macularis =Strawberry cervix

Tx: metronidazole

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21
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Gram negative diplococci

Dx: DNA - nucleus acid testing NAAT

Tx: ceftriaxone 250 IMx 1
Plus Azithromycin 1G po x 1

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22
Q

Chlamydia

A

Asymptomatic usually

Can have reactive arthritis

Tx : Azithromycin 1g PO x 1

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23
Q

Syphillis

A

Painless ulcer - chancre

Generalized rash + palms and soles

Dx: VDRL / RPR –> confirm FTA-ABS

Tx: benzathine PCN x 1 dose

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24
Q

Chancroid

A

Painful “ragged” ulcer with fluctuant inguinal adenitis “bubo” is pathognomonic

Tx: ceftriaxone 250mg IM x 1or Azithromycin 1g po x 1

25
Q

HSV 1 associated with what neurological problem ?

A

Bell’s palsy , CN VII

26
Q

HSV 2

A

Dx: PCR

Tx: acyclovir

> 6x / yr. –> valcyclovir

27
Q

HPV 6 / 11

A

Genital warts

Anorectal warts- condylomata acuminata – associated with cancer

28
Q

HPV 16 and 18

A

Most common world wide 70%

Risk of cervical cancer

Also associated with other cancer

Vaccine : gardasil 6/11/16/18
Cervarix 16/18 only girls

29
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Staph aureus

Blood cultures / bone biopsy if needed

Tx: IV antibiotics for 4-6 weeks

30
Q

Infectious arthritis

A

Joint infection

Common: Staph aureus

Common in young sexually active F»M : gonorrhea

Tx: ceftriaxone + doxycycline together

31
Q

Infective endocarditis pathogens

A

Left sided: most common

Right sided: staph aureus with IV drug use usually

Native valve :: strep viridans, enterococcus, staph aureus, HACEK can cause false negative culture

Prosthetic valves: staph aureus -septic
Strep if subacute

32
Q

Infective endocarditis diagnosis

A

Blood cultures

Echo is gold standard

DUKE criteria : oslers nodes (ouch), janeway lesions, splinter hemorrhages

33
Q

Infective endocarditis treatment

A

Vanco + ceftriaxone

Vanco + gentamicin

34
Q

Infective endocarditis prophylaxis

A

Amoxicillin 2g PO x 1 30 min prior to procedure

Allergy: cephalexin 2g PO

35
Q

Meningitis

A

Acute, life threatening CNS infection
—-Bacteria in Subarachnoid space causing inflammation of brain

Bacterial:: Strep pneumoniae is the worst with high mortality

Aseptic:: enterovirus like coxsackievirus summer and fall

36
Q

Meningitis pathogens in baby

A

S. Agalactiae

E. coli

37
Q

Meningitis pathogens

1month -50years

Treatment??

A

S. Pneumo
N. Meningitidis
H. Flu (less common now)

Tx: ceftriaxone + vanco +/- ampicillin
** give with dexamathasone

38
Q

Meningitis pathogens

> 50 years

A

Strep pneumo (bad with high mortality)

39
Q

Meningitis CSF

A 
High opening closure
High cell count (100-1000s) 
Usually + PMNs
Low glucose 
High protein

***basically high everything, but glucose (eaten by bacteria)

40
Q

Erysipelas treatment

A

Streptococcal spp. (Group A,B, or C) more likely than staph

Tx: mild: Pen VK
mod-severe: cefazolin 1-2g q8 IM/IV or ceftriaxone 1g IV/IM

41
Q

Cellulitis

A

Strep more common than staph

Tx: penicillin, cephalexin, cefazolin,

42
Q

Folliculitis

A

Staph aureus hair follicle infection and apocrine glands

Tx: warm compress and mupiricin

Hot tub : pseudomonas
Tx: warm compress and anti-pruritis meds, no antibiotics needed surprisingly

43
Q

Furuncle

A

Boils

Staph / MRSA

I&D and anti-staph abx

44
Q

Carbuncle

A

Multiple abscesses together separated by connective tissue in thick inelastic areas like thighs

Staph

Surgical I&D and abx

45
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A

Cellulitis but with systemic symptoms out of proportion to exam

Tx: surgery!! Then abx.

46
Q

Gas gangrene

What pathogen?

A

Usually cause from traumatic wound

*C. Perfringens

Has crepitus

Tx: surgical emergency

47
Q

Cat bite

pathogen?

Tx?

A

Pasteurella multocida

Amoxicillin / clavulanate

(Or clindamycin or metronidazole )

48
Q

Human bite

pathogen

Tx?

A

Eikenella

Amoxicillin / clavulanate

49
Q

Most common viral gastroenteritis ?

A

Norovirus

50
Q

Food poisoning pathogen ?

A

Staph aureus

51
Q

Cholera

A

Rice water stool

Vibrio cholerae

Tx: IV fluids–hit hard!

52
Q

Giardia

A

Most common parasitic infection causing diarrhea in US

Travel and camping

53
Q

Shiga-toxins

A

E.coli 0157:H7

54
Q

E.coli 0157:H7

A

Undercooked hamburger and almost any fresh food

Bloody diarrhea and severe abdominal pain , shiga-toxins
***HUS -hemolytic uremic syndrome and ARF
Antibiotics controversial

55
Q

Treatment of C. diff

A

Metronidazole

56
Q

Bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, systemic toxicity

Associated with daycare

A

Shigellosis

57
Q

Most common bacterial cause of infectious diarrhea

Watery, bloody diarrhea

Associated with raw chicken

A

Campylobacter jejuni

Treat with Azithromycin

58
Q

Salmonella

Tx:

A

Undercooked eggs

Tx: fluoroquinolone

59
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Bird dropping / bat guano along Ohio River Valley

Asymptomatic or pulmonary sxs

Dx: biopsy
Tx: itraconozole / amphotericin B

PANRE (20 decks)

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