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Infectious disease Flashcards

1
Q

Blastomycosis

A

Soil exposure along Ohio River Valley

Asymptomatic or pulmonary sxs

Dx: Biopsy
Tx: itraconozole / amphotericin B

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2
Q

Cocciodiomycosis

A

“San Joaquin Valley Fever”

Flu like illness, cough, night sweats

Tx: generally none unless severe

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3
Q

Pneumocystosis

A

Pneumocystis jirovici (carinii)

AIDS/ immunocompromised

Fever, cough, hypoxia out of proportion to exam
Cxr: interstitial infiltrates
Tx: TMP-SMX

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4
Q

Cryptococcosis

A

AIDS/ immunocompromised

Fungal meningitis

INDIA INK STAIN

Refer

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5
Q

Candidiasis

A

Vulvar itching and erythema with white curdy discharge

KOH : Hyphae

Tx: -conozole cream

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6
Q

Malaria

A

Chills, fever, sweats

Thick and thin blood smears

Travel hx

Mefloquine (malarone) prophylaxis

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7
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Pregnant lady handling cat litter

HA, AMS, seizure

Head CT w ring enhancing mass lesions

Tx: refer

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8
Q

Varicella zoster

A

Transmit w/ Respiratory secretions and not so much by contact w vesicles

First exposure : chicken pox
Reactivation: shingles (herpes zoster)

Herpes zoster tx: valcyclovir. /
IV acyclovir if serious

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9
Q

Ebstein Barr Virus

A

Mono

Rash when given amoxicillin

+monospot

Tx: supportive, no contact sports due to risk of splenic rupture

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10
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

Similar to Mono!

Transmitted sexually usually or respiratory secretions

#1 cause for AIDS associated blindness 
Igm/IgG testing

Tx: ganciclovir

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11
Q

Herpes virus 8

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A

Red purple Macules papules nodules

AIDS pts

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12
Q

Rabies

A

Bite wounds from bats

99% fatal if not treated

Tx: clean wound, infiltrate human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) around wound , then give rabies Vaccine 4 injections

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13
Q

HIV

A

“Mono like illness”

Rash 40-80%, mucocutaneous ulceration distinctive feature

Screening test : ELIZA
Confirmatory test: Western Blot

Tx: combo of at least 3 drugs emtricibine, tenofivir, efavirenz anything ending in –navir like lopinavir

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14
Q

HIV

opportunistic infections and treatment

A

Pneumocytosis CD4

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15
Q

Tetanus

A

Hyper-reflexia

Trismus – “lock jaw”

Tx: supportive care
—–Beta blocker can help

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16
Q

Botulism

A

Home canned foods
Honey
Wounds - black tar heroin

Tx : admit. Intubation if needed. Needs Botulinum Antitoxin

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17
Q

Lyme disease

A

Stage 1 : Erythema migrans, Bell’s palsy

Stage 2: AV block 5%

Stage 3: Chronic arthritis

Doxycycline 14-21 days

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18
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Flu like illness prodrome

Red macular rash on wrists / ankles and spreading centrally, then turns petechiael

Tx: doxycycline

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19
Q

Ehrlichiosis // anaplasmosis

A

Fever / chills, HA, myalgias

Hallmark:: Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

Rash—- typically involves trunk, spares hands / feet and not associated with tick bite area

Tx: doxy (even KIDS)

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20
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Frothy green discharge

colpitis macularis =Strawberry cervix

Tx: metronidazole

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21
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Gram negative diplococci

Dx: DNA - nucleus acid testing NAAT

Tx: ceftriaxone 250 IMx 1
Plus Azithromycin 1G po x 1

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22
Q

Chlamydia

A

Asymptomatic usually

Can have reactive arthritis

Tx : Azithromycin 1g PO x 1

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23
Q

Syphillis

A

Painless ulcer - chancre

Generalized rash + palms and soles

Dx: VDRL / RPR –> confirm FTA-ABS

Tx: benzathine PCN x 1 dose

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24
Q

Chancroid

A

Painful “ragged” ulcer with fluctuant inguinal adenitis “bubo” is pathognomonic

Tx: ceftriaxone 250mg IM x 1or Azithromycin 1g po x 1

25
HSV 1 associated with what neurological problem ?
Bell's palsy , CN VII
26
HSV 2
Dx: PCR Tx: acyclovir > 6x / yr. --> valcyclovir
27
HPV 6 / 11
Genital warts Anorectal warts- condylomata acuminata -- associated with cancer
28
HPV 16 and 18
Most common world wide 70% Risk of cervical cancer Also associated with other cancer Vaccine : gardasil 6/11/16/18 Cervarix 16/18 only girls
29
Osteomyelitis
Staph aureus Blood cultures / bone biopsy if needed Tx: IV antibiotics for 4-6 weeks
30
Infectious arthritis
Joint infection Common: Staph aureus Common in young sexually active F>>M : gonorrhea Tx: ceftriaxone + doxycycline together
31
Infective endocarditis pathogens
Left sided: most common Right sided: staph aureus with IV drug use usually Native valve :: strep viridans, enterococcus, staph aureus, HACEK can cause false negative culture Prosthetic valves: staph aureus -septic Strep if subacute
32
Infective endocarditis diagnosis
Blood cultures Echo is gold standard DUKE criteria : oslers nodes (ouch), janeway lesions, splinter hemorrhages
33
Infective endocarditis treatment
Vanco + ceftriaxone Vanco + gentamicin
34
Infective endocarditis prophylaxis
Amoxicillin 2g PO x 1 30 min prior to procedure Allergy: cephalexin 2g PO
35
Meningitis
Acute, life threatening CNS infection ----Bacteria in Subarachnoid space causing inflammation of brain Bacterial:: Strep pneumoniae is the worst with high mortality Aseptic:: enterovirus like coxsackievirus summer and fall
36
Meningitis pathogens in baby
S. Agalactiae | E. coli
37
Meningitis pathogens 1month -50years Treatment??
S. Pneumo N. Meningitidis H. Flu (less common now) Tx: ceftriaxone + vanco +/- ampicillin ** give with dexamathasone
38
Meningitis pathogens > 50 years
Strep pneumo (bad with high mortality)
39
Meningitis CSF
``` High opening closure High cell count (100-1000s) Usually + PMNs Low glucose High protein ``` ***basically high everything, but glucose (eaten by bacteria)
40
Erysipelas treatment
Streptococcal spp. (Group A,B, or C) more likely than staph Tx: mild: Pen VK mod-severe: cefazolin 1-2g q8 IM/IV or ceftriaxone 1g IV/IM
41
Cellulitis
Strep more common than staph Tx: penicillin, cephalexin, cefazolin,
42
Folliculitis
Staph aureus hair follicle infection and apocrine glands Tx: warm compress and mupiricin Hot tub : pseudomonas Tx: warm compress and anti-pruritis meds, no antibiotics needed surprisingly
43
Furuncle
Boils Staph / MRSA I&D and anti-staph abx
44
Carbuncle
Multiple abscesses together separated by connective tissue in thick inelastic areas like thighs Staph Surgical I&D and abx
45
Necrotizing fasciitis
Cellulitis but with systemic symptoms out of proportion to exam Tx: surgery!! Then abx.
46
Gas gangrene What pathogen?
Usually cause from traumatic wound ****C. Perfringens*** Has crepitus Tx: surgical emergency
47
Cat bite pathogen? Tx?
Pasteurella multocida Amoxicillin / clavulanate (Or clindamycin or metronidazole )
48
Human bite pathogen Tx?
Eikenella Amoxicillin / clavulanate
49
Most common viral gastroenteritis ?
Norovirus
50
Food poisoning pathogen ?
Staph aureus
51
Cholera
Rice water stool Vibrio cholerae Tx: IV fluids--hit hard!
52
Giardia
Most common parasitic infection causing diarrhea in US Travel and camping
53
Shiga-toxins
E.coli 0157:H7
54
E.coli 0157:H7
Undercooked hamburger and almost any fresh food Bloody diarrhea and severe abdominal pain , shiga-toxins ***HUS -hemolytic uremic syndrome and ARF Antibiotics controversial
55
Treatment of C. diff
Metronidazole
56
Bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, systemic toxicity Associated with daycare
Shigellosis
57
Most common bacterial cause of infectious diarrhea Watery, bloody diarrhea Associated with raw chicken
Campylobacter jejuni Treat with Azithromycin
58
Salmonella Tx:
Undercooked eggs Tx: fluoroquinolone
59
Histoplasmosis
Bird dropping / bat guano along Ohio River Valley Asymptomatic or pulmonary sxs Dx: biopsy Tx: itraconozole / amphotericin B

PANRE (21 decks)

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