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PANRE > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

When treat scoliosis

A

Less than 20 conservative

Greater than 40 surgery

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2
Q

Schmorl’s nodes on X-ray

A

Scheurmanns disease

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3
Q

Scheurmanns disease

A

Increase kyphosis

Posture in child initiates concern , seen in middle adolescence

Anterior thoracic spine wedging

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4
Q

Compression fracture most common where ?

A

T10-L2

Pain on movement, better with rest

Tx: better to walk walk walk, NSAIDs surgery

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5
Q

If prescribe heat, question will want you to also do what?

A

Educate pt to not fall asleep

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6
Q

When is herniated disk pain worse?

A

Worse with sitting and valsalva

Better with waking

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7
Q

When is spinal stenosis worse?

Better?

A

Walking

Better with leaning on cart

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8
Q

Lasegues sign

A

Ankle dorsiflexion causes pain if lumbar radiculopathy.

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9
Q

Best test for pt you suspect has herniated disc with lumbar radiculopathy

A

Straight leg raise

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10
Q

Soondylolysis

A

Pars interarticularis
“Scotty dog fracture”

“Can touch toes no problem, hurts when stand up.”

Gymnast or football lineman

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11
Q

Spondylolysthesis

A

Two causes:
From a spondylolysis
Degenerative slip

L4/L5 or L5/S1

Most likely fatigue fracture that occurred as adolescent and failed to heal

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12
Q

Failure of posterior vertebral arches to close

A

Spins bifida

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13
Q

90% of subluxations are anterior or posterior?

A

Anterior

If posterior: “seizure or electrocution”

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14
Q

What xray view helps see a subluxation

A

Y view

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15
Q

Bancart lesion

A

Tears labrum as dislocates

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16
Q

Hill-Sachs Lesion

A

Recurrent dislocations causes damage to humeral head as it is abraded by rim of glenoid

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17
Q

Rotator cuff

Impingement vs tear

A

Impingement : pain

Tear : weakness

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18
Q

Best imaging to evaluate for rotator cuff injury?

A

MRI with arthrogram

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19
Q

Muscle most often injured with rotator cuff injury?

A

Supraspinatus

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20
Q

Yergason’s test

A

Supination – forearm Palm up (can hold bowl of soup in it)

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21
Q

Most common location of clavicle fracture

A

85% in middle one third of clavicle

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22
Q

Epicondylitis medial and lateral

Pain with what?

A

Medial– wrist flexion/ pronation
Golf

Lateral– extension/ supination
Tennis backhand

23
Q

Fat pad sign and anterior sail sign is seen with what fracture

A

Radial head fracture

24
Q

Median nerve

Sensory?

Motor?

A

Sensory : digits 1-4

Motor: thenar muscle

25
Q

Finkelsteins test occurs with which condition ?

A

Dequarvians tensynovitis

26
Q

Carpal tunnel -

Tests

gold standard for diagnosis

A

Tinel and Phalen’s test

Gold standard: Electrodiagnostic studies

27
Q

Extension fracture from fall on an out stretched hand

Dinner fork deformity

Sprint

A

Colles fracture

Sugar tong splint

28
Q

Smiths fracture

A

Flexion fracture of radius

29
Q

Buckle fracture

A

Torus fracture

30
Q

Boxers fracture

Splint

A

5th metacarpal fracture

Ulnar gutter splint

31
Q

Pain in anatomical snuff box

Splint type

A

Scaphoid fracture

May take time to show up on xray-splint and repeat xray in 2 weeks

Thumb spica splint

32
Q

Jersey finger

A

Inability to fix DIP joint

Usually ring finger

33
Q

Mallet finger

A

Inability to extend DIP joint

Erica

34
Q

Boutonnière deformity

A

Inability to extend PIP joint

35
Q

Swan neck deformity

A

Hyperextension of PIP joint with flexion of DIP joint

Extension splint

36
Q

Sag sign deformity

A

Posterior cruciate ligament tear

37
Q

Meniscal tear

A

Effusion grows slower than ACL (6-24h)

Positive McMurrys
Positive Apleys

MRI gold standard

38
Q

ACL

A

75% have hemarthrosis ** Swell up fast

39
Q

Gamekeepers thumb / skiers thumb

Splint

A

Injury to ulnar collateral ligaments

Thumb spica splint

40
Q

Depuytrens contracture

A

Typically affects palmar fascia

Painless lumps that form into cords

Ring and little finger

Age > 40, alcohol abuse ?

41
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Large joints

Pain with stairs, movie theater sign

Night pain

42
Q

Hip dislocation

A

Limb shortened and INTeRNALLY rotated

43
Q

Hip fractures

A

Shortened leg, typically in EXTERNAL rotation

44
Q

Pain with knee forced into

Valgus

Varus

45
Q

Bakers cyst treatment

A

NSAIDs
Compressive Brace
Aspiration / injection
surgery never works, but can try

46
Q

Adolescent female with knee pain with stair walking and going from seated to standing

A

Patellofemoral syndrome

47
Q

Pain, pallor, paresthesias, pulselessness, paralysis

A

Compartment syndrome

48
Q

Burning pain between toes, most commonly the 3rd web space

A

Mortons neuroma

49
Q

Where is a lisfranc fracture ?

A

1st and 2nd TMT joint

50
Q

Posterior tibial tendon injury

A

Can’t walk or do heel rise

“Too many toes sign”

51
Q

Positive Thompson test

A

Achilles’ tendon rupture

52
Q

More cards:: see notes

A

Start at fifth metatarsal fracture

53
Q

Para spinal hump

54
Q

Sodium urate crystals

PANRE (21 decks)

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