Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

When treat scoliosis

A

Less than 20 conservative

Greater than 40 surgery

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2
Q

Schmorl’s nodes on X-ray

A

Scheurmanns disease

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3
Q

Scheurmanns disease

A

Increase kyphosis

Posture in child initiates concern , seen in middle adolescence

Anterior thoracic spine wedging

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4
Q

Compression fracture most common where ?

A

T10-L2

Pain on movement, better with rest

Tx: better to walk walk walk, NSAIDs surgery

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5
Q

If prescribe heat, question will want you to also do what?

A

Educate pt to not fall asleep

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6
Q

When is herniated disk pain worse?

A

Worse with sitting and valsalva

Better with waking

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7
Q

When is spinal stenosis worse?

Better?

A

Walking

Better with leaning on cart

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8
Q

Lasegues sign

A

Ankle dorsiflexion causes pain if lumbar radiculopathy.

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9
Q

Best test for pt you suspect has herniated disc with lumbar radiculopathy

A

Straight leg raise

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10
Q

Soondylolysis

A

Pars interarticularis
“Scotty dog fracture”

“Can touch toes no problem, hurts when stand up.”

Gymnast or football lineman

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11
Q

Spondylolysthesis

A

Two causes:
From a spondylolysis
Degenerative slip

L4/L5 or L5/S1

Most likely fatigue fracture that occurred as adolescent and failed to heal

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12
Q

Failure of posterior vertebral arches to close

A

Spins bifida

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13
Q

90% of subluxations are anterior or posterior?

A

Anterior

If posterior: “seizure or electrocution”

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14
Q

What xray view helps see a subluxation

A

Y view

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15
Q

Bancart lesion

A

Tears labrum as dislocates

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16
Q

Hill-Sachs Lesion

A

Recurrent dislocations causes damage to humeral head as it is abraded by rim of glenoid

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17
Q

Rotator cuff

Impingement vs tear

A

Impingement : pain

Tear : weakness

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18
Q

Best imaging to evaluate for rotator cuff injury?

A

MRI with arthrogram

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19
Q

Muscle most often injured with rotator cuff injury?

A

Supraspinatus

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20
Q

Yergason’s test

A

Supination – forearm Palm up (can hold bowl of soup in it)

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21
Q

Most common location of clavicle fracture

A

85% in middle one third of clavicle

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22
Q

Epicondylitis medial and lateral

Pain with what?

A

Medial– wrist flexion/ pronation
Golf

Lateral– extension/ supination
Tennis backhand

23
Q

Fat pad sign and anterior sail sign is seen with what fracture

A

Radial head fracture

24
Q

Median nerve

Sensory?

Motor?

A

Sensory : digits 1-4

Motor: thenar muscle

25
Finkelsteins test occurs with which condition ?
Dequarvians tensynovitis
26
Carpal tunnel - Tests gold standard for diagnosis
Tinel and Phalen's test Gold standard: Electrodiagnostic studies
27
Extension fracture from fall on an out stretched hand Dinner fork deformity Sprint
Colles fracture Sugar tong splint
28
Smiths fracture
Flexion fracture of radius
29
Buckle fracture
Torus fracture
30
Boxers fracture Splint
5th metacarpal fracture Ulnar gutter splint
31
Pain in anatomical snuff box Splint type
Scaphoid fracture May take time to show up on xray-splint and repeat xray in 2 weeks Thumb spica splint
32
Jersey finger
Inability to fix DIP joint Usually ring finger
33
Mallet finger
Inability to extend DIP joint Erica
34
Boutonnière deformity
Inability to extend PIP joint
35
Swan neck deformity
Hyperextension of PIP joint with flexion of DIP joint Extension splint
36
Sag sign deformity
Posterior cruciate ligament tear
37
Meniscal tear
Effusion grows slower than ACL (6-24h) Positive McMurrys Positive Apleys MRI gold standard
38
ACL
75% have hemarthrosis ** Swell up fast
39
Gamekeepers thumb / skiers thumb Splint
Injury to ulnar collateral ligaments Thumb spica splint
40
Depuytrens contracture
Typically affects palmar fascia Painless lumps that form into cords Ring and little finger Age > 40, alcohol abuse ?
41
Osteoarthritis
Large joints Pain with stairs, movie theater sign Night pain
42
Hip dislocation
Limb shortened and INTeRNALLY rotated
43
Hip fractures
Shortened leg, typically in EXTERNAL rotation
44
Pain with knee forced into Valgus Varus
MCL ACL
45
Bakers cyst treatment
NSAIDs Compressive Brace Aspiration / injection surgery never works, but can try
46
Adolescent female with knee pain with stair walking and going from seated to standing
Patellofemoral syndrome
47
Pain, pallor, paresthesias, pulselessness, paralysis
Compartment syndrome
48
Burning pain between toes, most commonly the 3rd web space
Mortons neuroma
49
Where is a lisfranc fracture ?
1st and 2nd TMT joint
50
Posterior tibial tendon injury
Can't walk or do heel rise "Too many toes sign"
51
Positive Thompson test
Achilles' tendon rupture
52
More cards:: see notes
Start at fifth metatarsal fracture
53
Para spinal hump
Scoliosis
54
Sodium urate crystals
Gout