Pediatrics Flashcards
Most common causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in infant
- physiologic jaundice
- prematurity
- breast-feeding jaundice
Most common causes of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in infant
- biliary obstruction/atreasia
- choledochal cyst
- hyperalimentation
- alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
- hepatitis
- sepsis
- infections (especially UTIs)
- hypothyroidism
- inborn errors of metabolism
- cystic fibrosis
- red blood cell abnormalities
About Physiologic Jaundice
- appears AFTER 24hrs
- Peaks at 3-5 days
- bilirubin increases by 15mg/dL or not decreasing
About Breast feeding Jaundice
- occurs on 2nd or 3rd day of life
- bilirubin may increase and may persist for 6-8 weeks
- Tx: supplement breast milk w/ formula, feed or pump breast milk ever 2hr until an adequate supply is established. Phototherapy when bilirubin is >15mg/dL
Turns head side to side Clenched fist Recognizes human face Eye Contact Cries Startles at loud noise
0-2 months
Lifts head Tracks object past midline Hands open Smiles responsively Vocalizes in Play
2-3 months
Head steady in supported position
Hands together
Shows displeasure through vocalization
Looks for source of sound
4-5 months
Rolls over Sits leaning forward on arms Reaches for objects Raking grasp Responds to own name Holds own bottle imitates speech sounds Vocal imitation
6-8 months
Stands while holding on Passes object from hand to hand Feeds self Imitates waving Understands "NO" May say MaMa
9-11 months
Stands alone for 2 sec Bands two objects together Places pellet in bottle Hugs dolls or stuffed animals Routinely gestures to meet needs Uses one or two words w/ meaning
12-14 months
Stoops and recovers Walks well Builds tower of two or three cubes Attempts to use spoon Waves bye-bye Uses four or five word
15-17 months
Runs well Kicks large ball Walks backward Scribbles Turns pages of book Drinks well from a cup Feeds self Uses a spoon well Follows simple commands Says 20-50 words
18-21 months
Throws ball overhead Jumps Turns doorknobs Builds towers of 6-7 blocks Little spilling during self-feeding Points to body parts
24 months
Stands on one foot for at least 2 sec Copies circle Takes Turns Toilet Trained Uses pronouns (I, me, you) Gives names
36 months
Hops on one foot Wiggles thumb Copies cross Dresses self Knows colors Asks questions
48 months
Skips using alternate feet Holds a pencil correctly Brushes teeth w/o help Easily carries on a conversation May count or recite a part of the alphabet
5yrs
Speaks using correct sentence structure Draws more precisely Reads one syllable words Counts to 20 Reads simple sentences Adds and subtracts primary numbers
6yrs (1st grade)
Defines words Compares and contrasts Speech reaches adult proficiency Legible writing Ties own shoe laces Reads 2-syllable words Counts to 100 Adds and subtracts 2 digit numbers
7yrs (2nd grade)
Defines more words Recites days of the week Begins to learn cursive writing Reads many more two-syllable words Performs simple multiplication
8yrs (3rd grade)
Comprehends absurdities in sentences Draws people with detail Reads 3 and 4 syllable words Alphabetizes Does simple division Comprehends fractions
9yrs (4th grade)
Understands abstract words
Draws people w/ great detail
Able to read more complex words
Easily uses addition, subtraction, fractions, division, multiplication, and estimation
10 yrs (5th grade)
Tanner Stage 2
Males (11-12) = straight hair at base of penis
Females (11) = minimal straight pubic hair
Tanner Stage 3
Males (13) = course dark and curly pubic hair
Females (12) = Increased pubic hair that is dark and course
Tanner Stage 4
Males (14-15) = hair is almost completely full
Females (13) = hiar approaches normal adult appearance
Tanner Stage 5
Males (16-17) = pubic hair achieves adult appearance
Females (14-15) Pubic hair reaches adult appearance and inverted triangle.
Chicken Pox
- human herpes virus
- 10-21 day incubation
- Prodrome = Fever, respiratory symptoms (1-3 days)
- Vesicular erythematous rash that starts on torso and face and spreads to extremities (dew drop on rose petal)
- pruritic
Erythema Infectiosum
aka Fifths Dz, Slapped Cheek
- human parvovirus b19
- Incubation 4-14 days
- no prodrome
- red face: lacy, pink macular rash on torso
Roseola
- Human herpes virus 6 or 7
- Incubation period = 10-14 days
- Prodrome = fever 4 days
- Pink, macular rash
- Fever resolves before rash
Rubeola
aka Measles
- measles virus
- incubation of 8-14 days
- Prodrome = fever, cough, anorexia, coryza (1-3 days)
- Maculopapular face to extremities
- **Koplik spots in mouth
Rubella
aka German Measles
- rubella virus
- incubation of 14-21 days
- No prodrome
- Maculopapular from head to toe
- *Teratogenic**
