Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PANCE > 1) Pulmonology > Flashcards

1) Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

Abx for acute bronchitis

A

MOST = viral
But if: elderly, underlying cardiopulm dz, or cough >7-10 days, or immunocompromised
-2nd generation cephalosporin (cefuroxime, cefoxitine, cefotetan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute Epiglottitis tx

A 
#1 Secure airway
#2 Broad spectrum 2nd or 3rd gen cephalosporin (cefotaxime or ceftriaxone 7-10 days)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Croup Tx

A 
Mild = supportive only
Severe = hospitalization

(corticosteroids, humidified air/oxygen, nebulized epi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stages of Pertussis

A

1) Catarrhal (insidious onset of coryza, HACKING cough, worse at night)
2) Paroxysmal (rapid coughing fits w/ WHOOP)
3) Convalescent sage (decrease in freq and paroxysms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Treatment of Choice for Pertussis

A

Erythromycin
(treat close contacts too)
Prophylaxis: Dtap 7y/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia

A

S. pneumo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Low grade fever
Cough
Bullous myringitis
**Cold Agglutins (confirm)

A

Manifestations of M. Pneumo pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Slower onset, immunosuppression
Increased LDH
More hypoxemic than appears on CXR
Interstitial infiltrates

A

Manifestations of pneumocysitis jiroveci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

chronic cardiac or respiratory disease
hyponatremia
diarrhea or other system sump
longer prodrome

A

Legionella pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Single rigor

rust colored sputum

A

s. pneumo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

currant jelly sputum

Chronic illness, including alcohol abuse

A

k. pneumo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pathogen most likely to cause pneumonia in: Alcohol abuse

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pathogen most likely to cause pneumonia in: COPD

A

haemophilus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pathogen most likely to cause pneumonia in: Cystic Fibrosis

A

Pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pathogen most likely to cause pneumonia in: Young adults, college settings

A
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae

- Chlamydia penumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pathogen most likely to cause pneumonia in: Air conditioning/aerosolized water

A 
Legionella pneumoniae
(treatment of choice = levofloxacin alt = azithrom)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pathogen most likely to cause pneumonia in: Post-splenectomy

A

Encapsulated Organisms:

  • s. pneumo
  • h. pneumo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pathogen most likely to cause pneumonia in: Leukemia/Lymphoma

A

Fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pathogen most likely to cause pneumonia in: children <1yr

A

RSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pathogen most likely to cause pneumonia in: Children <2yr

A

Parainfluenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Healthcare associated pneumonia

A

Presents w/ symptoms > 48h after admission to hospital
-s. aureus, pseudomonas
(pseudomonas is most likely in ICU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tx of HAP

A
  • Cefepime
  • Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid
  • Piperacillin/tazobactam
  • Meropenem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Most common fungus in pneumonia

A

Aspergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Missisippi valley

A

histoplasmosis

also has worldwide distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Southwestern US
coccidiomycosis
26
Southeast and midwest
blastomycosis
27
CXR in pneumocysitis jiroveci
Diffuse or perihilar infiltrates w/ no effusion | **CXR is the cornerstone of DX**
28
Tx of pneumocysitis jiroveci
TMP/SMX
29
Primary TB
- 10% of those infected - CXR: homogenous infilt, hilar/paratracheal lymph node enlargment, segmental atelectasis - TX: INH/RIF/PZA/EMB x 2 mo then INH/RIF for 4mo
30
Progressive Primary TB
- Def: 5% of those infected fail to contain the infection and progress to active TB in 2yrs - CXR: homogenous infilt, hilar/paratracheal lymph node enlargment, segmental atelectasis AND cavitary lesions - Tx: INH/RIF/PZA/EMB x 2 mo then INH/RIF for 4mo
31
Latent TB
* **95% of infected people contain the bacterial w/o becoming symptomatic - TX: INH for 9mo or RIF for 4mo OR RIF+PZA for 2mo
32
Reactivation TB
Develops from latent TB in the setting of immune compromise - CXR: - fibrocavitary apical disease nodules, infiltrates posterior and apical segments of the Right upper lobe, apical posterior segments of the left upper lobe, superior segments of the lower lobes
33
A TB skin test is positive if > or = 5mm in:
HIVpts, recent contacts of TBpt, people w/ TB on cxr, immunocomp pts on steroids
34
A TB test is positive if > or = 10mm in:
recent immigrants, HIV neg inject drug users, mycobact lab workers, people in high congregate settings, people w/ chronic medical conditions like DM, silicosis, CRF
35
A TB test is positive if > or = 15mm in:
pts w/ no RF for tuberculosis
36
Definitive dx of TB
Identification of m.tuberc on cultures or by DNA/RNA amp technicques * *demonstration of acid-fast bacilli on sputum supports but doesn’t confirm TB - Biposy revelaing CASEATING granulomas = histologic hallmark
37
SE of INH
hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy (supplement w/ B6 to reduce the risk)
38
SE of RIF
hepatitis, flu syndrome, orange-red bodily fluid
39
SE of EMB
optic neuritis (red/green vision loss)
40
SCLC
25-35% of all - originates at the central bronchi and mets to regional lymph nodes - early mets, aggressive course - Tx: Chemo
41
NSCLC
1) Squamous Cell carcinoma (centrally located mass) 2) Adenocarcinoma (periphery of lungs) ***MOST COMMON*** 3) Large Cell Carcinoma Tx: Surgery
42
Lung Cancer Complications
SPHERE - SVC syndrome - Pancoasts Tumor - Horner Syndrome - Endocrine - Recurrent laryngeal nerve (hoarseness) - Effusions (exudative)
43
SVC syndrome
Plethora, headache, mental status changes
44
Pancoasts Tumor
Tumor of the lung apex | causes horner syndrome and shoulder pain, affects brachial plexus and cervical sympathetic nerve
45
Horner's syndrome
U/L facial anhidrosis, ptosis, myosis
46
Endocrine
Carcinoid syndrome: flushing, diarrhea, telangiectasias
47
Causes of exudates
Infection, Malignancy, Trauma | most common irritants are doxycycline and talc
48
Causes of transudates
CHF, atelectasis, renal or liver dz/cirrhosis
49
Light's Criteria
EFFUSION if one of these is met: - pleural fluid protein to serum protein ration >0.5 - pleural fluid LDH to serum LDH ration >0.6 - pleural fluid LDH >2/3 the upper limit of normal for serum LDH
50
Asbestosis
- Occupation: Insulation, Demolition, Construction - Dx: linear opacities at bases and pleural plaques - Bx: Asbestos bodies - Complications: Increased risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma, especially if smoker
51
Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis
- Occupation: Coal Mining - Dx: Nodular opacities at upper lung fields - Complications: Progressive massive fibrosis
52
Silicosis
- Occupation: Mining, sand-blasting, quarry work, stone work - Dx: nodular opacities at upper lung fields - Complications: Increased risk of TB, progressive massive fibrosis
53
Berryliosis
- Occupation:high technology fields, aerospace, nuclear power, ceramics, foundries, tool and dye manufacturing - Dx: diffuse infiltrates and hilar adenopathy - Complications: requires chronic steroids
54
Tx of pneumoconioses
Usually supportive because no effective tx is available | oxygen, vaccinations, rehab
55
Sarcoidosis
- Multiple organ disease of idiopathic cause (90% have lung involvement) - extrapulmonary findings are common and include erythema nodosum or enlargement of the parotids, lymphnodes, liver, or spleen - Blood Tests: leukopenia, eosinophilia, elevated ESR, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria -Angiotensin-converting enzyme is elevated in 40-80% of patients - CXR: symettric bilateral hilar and right paratracheal adenopathy and b/l diffuse reticular infiltrates -Dx: via biopsy of lung or find needle biopsy that shows non-caseating granulomas - Tx: 90% are responsive to corticosteroids and maintained w/ modest doses
56
Cause of ARDS
- increased permeability of the alveolar capillary membranes which leads to development of protein rich pulmonary edema - 75% of ARDS = #1 Sepsis syndrome, severe multiple trauma, and aspiration of gastric contents (other: shock, toxic inhalation, near-drowning, multiple transfusions)
57
Symp of ARDS
- rapid onset of profound dyspnea 12-24h after the precipitating even - tachypnea, frothy pink-red sputum, diffuse crackles - cyanosis w/ increasingly severe hypoxemia refractory to administration of oxygen -CXR: may be normal at first, may have peripheral infiltrates, 80% = air broncograms * *pleural effusions may be small or absent -PCWP: normal - Multiorgan failure is common
58
Tx of ARDS
- Tx: identify and treat precipitating and secondary conditions - Oxygen via intubation (positive pressure ventilation and low levels of PEEP) -Mortality rate is high (1/3 die w/in first 3 days)
59
Most common cause of respiratory distress in the preterm infant
Hyaline membrane dz -caused by deficiency of surfactant (air bronchograms, diffuse b/l atelectasis causing ground glass appearance)
60
Tx of Hyaline membrane dz
-Tx: synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation; exogenous surfactants as prophylaxis or as rescue

PANCE (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions