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PANCE > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

Deltoid Myotome

A

C5-Abduction

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2
Q

Biceps Myotome

A

C6-Flexion

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3
Q

Triceps Myotome

A

C7-Extension

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4
Q

Interossi Myotome

A

C8-PAD & DAB

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5
Q

Bicep DTR

A

C5 and part of C6

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6
Q

Brachioradialis DTR

A

C6

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7
Q

Triceps DTR

A

C7

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8
Q

What is Spurling Test?

A 
Compression Test (press down on head) 
-positive test is a recreation of cervical radiculopathy symptoms
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9
Q

What is Jefferson Fracture?

A

Disruption of C1 Ring

  • may be a burst type w/ comminution
  • *best seen on odontoid view**
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10
Q

What is Hangman’s Fx

A

C2 vertebral body fracture w/ anterior subluxation

not usually compatible w/ life

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11
Q

Pain in pt w/ scoliosis?

A

PAINLESS: if pain then should do MRI

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12
Q

Tx of scoliosis

A

20 degrees or less = conservative

40 degrees or more = surgical

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13
Q

About compression fractures

A

Most common at T10-L2 levels

  • wedge shaped and stable
  • pain w/ movement but better w/ rest
  • suspect if 2in height loss in elderly
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14
Q

First thing to order w/ acute lower back pain

A

X-ray

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15
Q

Tests for Lumbar radiculopathy

A
  • -Straight leg raise
  • Laseagues Sign (worse w/ ankle dorsiflexion)
  • Cross over straight leg raise (predicts disc hern)
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16
Q

L3-L4 level causing radiculopathy = nerve and symp

A

L4

  • sensory to posterolateral thigh, ant knee, medial leg
  • motor to quads, hip abductors
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17
Q

L4-L5 level causing radiculopathy = nerve and symp

A

L5

  • sensory to anterolateral leg, dorsum of foot, big toe
  • motor EHL, EDL, EDB, gluteus medius
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18
Q

L5-S1 level causing radiculopathy = nerve and symp

A

S1

  • sensory lateral malleolus, lateral foot, heel
  • motor: peroneals, gastroc soleus, glut maximus
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19
Q

Quad myotome

A

L4 - extension of knee

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20
Q

Anterior tibialis myotome

A

L5 - heel walking

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21
Q

Gastrocnemius myotome

A

S1 - toe walking

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22
Q

Patellar reflex nerve?

A

L4

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23
Q

Achilles reflex nerve?

A

S1

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24
Q

What is spondylolysis

A

Pars interarticularis defect or stress fracture

  • *gymnasts and football linemen**
  • scotty dog on x-ray w/ collar fx
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25
Q

What is spondylolisthesis

A

Anterior slippage of vertebral body on inferior counterpart

  • most likely fatigue fracture as adolescent that didn’t heal
  • Degenerative slip
  • *if <50% slippage = conservative tx successful
26
Q

What nerve do you assess when shoulder dislocation

A

Axillary (C5,C6) paralysis of trees minor & deltoid w/ loss of sensation of lateral upper arm

27
Q

Bankart Lesion

A

Detachment of anterior inferior labrum from glenoid rim

occurs in dislocation of shoulder

28
Q

Hill Sachs Lesion

A

Defect to posterolateral human head when the humal head is abraded by the anterior rim of the glenoid
(occurs in dislocation of shoulder)

29
Q

What positioning causes shoulder dislocation?

A

Abduction and extension

30
Q

AC joint separation aka sprain

A

point tenderness over tip of shoulder

can lift arm above shoulder but painful

31
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles =

A

Supraspinatus (Ext Rot and abd) most commonly inj
Infraspinatus (Ext Rot and abd)
TERES MINOR (ext rot and abd)
Subscapularis (INTERNAL rotation)

32
Q

Yergason’s test

A

popping and grinding w/ supination

Occurs in biceps tendonitis

33
Q

Most common peds fx

A

Clavicle fx (figure 8 brace)

34
Q

Lateral Epicondylitis =

A

Overuse injury to extensor supinator muscle group (LES)

35
Q

Medial Epicondylitis =

A

Overuse injry to flexor pronator muscle group (MFP)

36
Q

Radial head fracture PE

A

decreased pronation and supination

37
Q

Median nerve =

A
  • Sensory to 1st-4th digits

- Motor to thenar muscle

38
Q

DeQuervain Tenosynovitis =

A

Stenosing tenovitis of 1st dorsal compartment of wrist
+ finkelsteins test
Tx: thumb spica cast and splint immobilization

39
Q

Smith’s Fracture

A

Flexion fracture of radius (volar)

Tx: sugar tong splint (need ORIF more often)

40
Q

Colles Fracture

A

Extension fracture of radius

Tx: sugar tong splint (don’t need surgery as often)

41
Q

Monteggias Fracture

A

Remember MUGR

=proximal ulnar fracture; dislocation of radial head

42
Q

Galeazzi’s Fracture

A

Remember MUGR

=distal radius fracture; radioulnar subluxation

43
Q

Blood supply to scaphoid

A

Retrograde flow vi a branch from the radial artery

44
Q

Tx of anatomical snuff box pain

A

treat as fracture and immobilize; repeat x-ray in 2 weeks

45
Q

Boxer’s Fracture =

A

Fracture through neck of 5th metacarpal neck
(rotational deformity is not acceptable)
Tx: Ulnar gutter immobilzation

46
Q

Jersey Finger =

A

DIP joint force into extension

  • inability to flex DIP joint
  • no resistance to passive extension
47
Q

Mallet Finger =

A

Inability to actively extend DIP joint

  • caused by axial load compression
  • ruptures thin extensor tendor
48
Q

Boutonniere Deformity

A

Inability to extend PIP joint; secondary hyperextension at DIP joint

49
Q

Swan Neck Deformity

A

Hyperextension of PIP joint w/ flexion of DIP joint

50
Q

Gamekeeper’s Thumb

A

Injury to ulnar collateral ligament of thumb at MCP joint resulting in instability of MCP joint and decreased thumb grip strength

51
Q

About trochanteric bursitis

A

Area where gluteus medius inserts and IT band passes over

-point tnderness, pain w/ walking or running, inability to sleep on side

52
Q

Hip Dislocation Presentation

A

Limb shortened and internally rotated

90% posterior

53
Q

Hip Fracture Presentation

A

Shortened leg, typically in external rotation

54
Q

Tests for Meniscal Injury

A 
McMurray 
Apley (prone and press down/axial loading)
Triad = joint line pain, effusion, locking
55
Q

Patellofemoral Pain Synd Presentation

A

Pain w/ stair walking, standing from seated position (women)

  • *vastus medialis weakness**
  • *x-ray to include sunrise/merchant view
56
Q

LisFranc Injury

A

Fracture/dislocation of 1st/2nd TMT joint (mid foot swelling/pain)
(MVA, fall from height, stepping off curb, stepping into hole)

57
Q

Test for Achilles tendon injury

A

Thompson Test

-prone and squeeze calf muscle

58
Q

March Fracture

A

Stress reaction/fracture of metatarsal (usually the 3rd)

-caused by vertical and/or medial-lateral force when foot inverted w/ heel raised

59
Q

Most common primary malignant tumor

A

Osteosarcoma

  • 10 to 25y/o
  • affects long bones (B>G)
60
Q

What is a chondrosarcoma

A

Cartilage based tumor

  • 35-50y/o
  • Males> females

PANCE (18 decks)

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