Ortho Flashcards
(60 cards)
1
Q
Deltoid Myotome
A
C5-Abduction
2
Q
Biceps Myotome
A
C6-Flexion
3
Q
Triceps Myotome
A
C7-Extension
4
Q
Interossi Myotome
A
C8-PAD & DAB
5
Q
Bicep DTR
A
C5 and part of C6
6
Q
Brachioradialis DTR
A
C6
7
Q
Triceps DTR
A
C7
8
Q
What is Spurling Test?
A
Compression Test (press down on head) -positive test is a recreation of cervical radiculopathy symptoms
9
Q
What is Jefferson Fracture?
A
Disruption of C1 Ring
- may be a burst type w/ comminution
- *best seen on odontoid view**
10
Q
What is Hangman’s Fx
A
C2 vertebral body fracture w/ anterior subluxation
not usually compatible w/ life
11
Q
Pain in pt w/ scoliosis?
A
PAINLESS: if pain then should do MRI
12
Q
Tx of scoliosis
A
20 degrees or less = conservative
40 degrees or more = surgical
13
Q
About compression fractures
A
Most common at T10-L2 levels
- wedge shaped and stable
- pain w/ movement but better w/ rest
- suspect if 2in height loss in elderly
14
Q
First thing to order w/ acute lower back pain
A
X-ray
15
Q
Tests for Lumbar radiculopathy
A
- -Straight leg raise
- Laseagues Sign (worse w/ ankle dorsiflexion)
- Cross over straight leg raise (predicts disc hern)
16
Q
L3-L4 level causing radiculopathy = nerve and symp
A
L4
- sensory to posterolateral thigh, ant knee, medial leg
- motor to quads, hip abductors
17
Q
L4-L5 level causing radiculopathy = nerve and symp
A
L5
- sensory to anterolateral leg, dorsum of foot, big toe
- motor EHL, EDL, EDB, gluteus medius
18
Q
L5-S1 level causing radiculopathy = nerve and symp
A
S1
- sensory lateral malleolus, lateral foot, heel
- motor: peroneals, gastroc soleus, glut maximus
19
Q
Quad myotome
A
L4 - extension of knee
20
Q
Anterior tibialis myotome
A
L5 - heel walking
21
Q
Gastrocnemius myotome
A
S1 - toe walking
22
Q
Patellar reflex nerve?
A
L4
23
Q
Achilles reflex nerve?
A
S1
24
Q
What is spondylolysis
A
Pars interarticularis defect or stress fracture
- *gymnasts and football linemen**
- scotty dog on x-ray w/ collar fx
25
What is spondylolisthesis
Anterior slippage of vertebral body on inferior counterpart
- most likely fatigue fracture as adolescent that didn't heal
- Degenerative slip
* *if <50% slippage = conservative tx successful
26
What nerve do you assess when shoulder dislocation
Axillary (C5,C6) paralysis of trees minor & deltoid w/ loss of sensation of lateral upper arm
27
Bankart Lesion
Detachment of anterior inferior labrum from glenoid rim
| occurs in dislocation of shoulder
28
Hill Sachs Lesion
Defect to posterolateral human head when the humal head is abraded by the anterior rim of the glenoid
(occurs in dislocation of shoulder)
29
What positioning causes shoulder dislocation?
Abduction and extension
30
AC joint separation aka sprain
point tenderness over tip of shoulder
| **can lift arm above shoulder but painful**
31
Rotator Cuff Muscles =
Supraspinatus (Ext Rot and abd) **most commonly inj**
Infraspinatus (Ext Rot and abd)
TERES MINOR (ext rot and abd)
Subscapularis (INTERNAL rotation)
32
Yergason's test
popping and grinding w/ supination
| Occurs in biceps tendonitis
33
Most common peds fx
Clavicle fx (figure 8 brace)
34
Lateral Epicondylitis =
Overuse injury to extensor supinator muscle group (LES)
35
Medial Epicondylitis =
Overuse injry to flexor pronator muscle group (MFP)
36
Radial head fracture PE
decreased pronation and supination
37
Median nerve =
- Sensory to 1st-4th digits
| - Motor to thenar muscle
38
DeQuervain Tenosynovitis =
Stenosing tenovitis of 1st dorsal compartment of wrist
+ finkelsteins test
Tx: thumb spica cast and splint immobilization
39
Smith's Fracture
Flexion fracture of radius (volar)
| Tx: sugar tong splint (need ORIF more often)
40
Colles Fracture
Extension fracture of radius
| Tx: sugar tong splint (don't need surgery as often)
41
Monteggias Fracture
Remember MUGR
| =proximal ulnar fracture; dislocation of radial head
42
Galeazzi's Fracture
Remember MUGR
| =distal radius fracture; radioulnar subluxation
43
Blood supply to scaphoid
Retrograde flow vi a branch from the radial artery
44
Tx of anatomical snuff box pain
treat as fracture and immobilize; repeat x-ray in 2 weeks
45
Boxer's Fracture =
Fracture through neck of 5th metacarpal neck
(rotational deformity is not acceptable)
Tx: Ulnar gutter immobilzation
46
Jersey Finger =
DIP joint force into extension
- inability to flex DIP joint
- no resistance to passive extension
47
Mallet Finger =
Inability to actively extend DIP joint
- caused by axial load compression
- ruptures thin extensor tendor
48
Boutonniere Deformity
Inability to extend PIP joint; secondary hyperextension at DIP joint
49
Swan Neck Deformity
Hyperextension of PIP joint w/ flexion of DIP joint
50
Gamekeeper's Thumb
Injury to ulnar collateral ligament of thumb at MCP joint resulting in instability of MCP joint and decreased thumb grip strength
51
About trochanteric bursitis
Area where gluteus medius inserts and IT band passes over
| -point tnderness, pain w/ walking or running, inability to sleep on side
52
Hip Dislocation Presentation
Limb shortened and internally rotated
| **90% posterior**
53
Hip Fracture Presentation
Shortened leg, typically in external rotation
54
Tests for Meniscal Injury
```
McMurray
Apley (prone and press down/axial loading)
Triad = joint line pain, effusion, locking
```
55
Patellofemoral Pain Synd Presentation
Pain w/ stair walking, standing from seated position (women)
* *vastus medialis weakness**
* *x-ray to include sunrise/merchant view
56
LisFranc Injury
Fracture/dislocation of 1st/2nd TMT joint (mid foot swelling/pain)
(MVA, fall from height, stepping off curb, stepping into hole)
57
Test for Achilles tendon injury
Thompson Test
| -prone and squeeze calf muscle
58
March Fracture
Stress reaction/fracture of metatarsal (usually the 3rd)
| -caused by vertical and/or medial-lateral force when foot inverted w/ heel raised
59
Most common primary malignant tumor
Osteosarcoma
- 10 to 25y/o
- affects long bones (B>G)
60
What is a chondrosarcoma
Cartilage based tumor
- 35-50y/o
- Males> females
