Antibiotics

Question 1

ABx associated w/ ototoxicity

Answer 1

Aminoglycosides (ex gentamicin)&raquo_space; Vacomycin
**causes PERMANENT senosorineural hearing loss

Minocycline cause transient vestibular dysfunction

Question 2

ABx w/ nephrotxocity

Answer 2

• amphotericin B
• *Aminoglycosides = ATN (classically = gentamicin)
• Vanco (especially when given w/ other nephrotox agents)

Question 3

ABx w/ disulfiram like reactions

Answer 3

metronidazole

Question 4

Red man syndrome

Answer 4

Vanco

Question 5

Red lobster syndrome

Answer 5

Rifampin (red urine)

Question 6

Disoclored teeth

Answer 6

Tetracyclines (not for kids <8y/o)

Question 7

Yellow babies

Answer 7

sulfonamides (not for women near term or neonates)

Question 8

Abx associated w/ c. diff

Answer 8

• Oral aminopenicillins (ex amoxicillin and ampicillin)
• Oral cephalosporins (ex cephalexin)
• Oral fluoroquinolones (ex levofloxacin)
• *highest incidence = clindamycin

Question 9

ABx and EBV

Answer 9

diffuse maculopapular, non-uriticarial rash

-any amino penicillin product can cause this (classically = ampicillin)

Question 10

ABx that are B in pregnancy

Answer 10

• most beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems)
• clindamycin
• erythromycin/azithromycin
• metronidazole except 1st trimester
• oral vanco

Question 11

ABx that are C in pregnancy

Answer 11

• clarithryomycin
• fluoroquinolones
• TMP/SMX
• IV vanco

Question 12

Abx that are D in pregnancy

Answer 12

• aminoglycosides (gentamicin etc)

- tetracyclines

Question 13

Aminoglycosides in pregnancy

Answer 13

possibly CN 8 toxicity in fetus

Question 14

Tetracyclines in pregancy

Answer 14

tooth/bone problems for infant

Question 15

Sulfonamides in pregnancy

Answer 15

newbown kernicterus

Question 16

Fluoroquinolones in pregnancy

Answer 16

arthropathy

Question 17

Macrolide warning/SE

Answer 17

• QTc prolongation issues (azithromycin = safety warning)

- Potent inhibitor of CYP3A4

Question 18

Fluoroquinolones warning/SE

Answer 18

• don’t mix w/ QTc prolonging drugs
• multivalent cations decrease absorption (aka milk products)
• not for kids <18
• CNS toxicity
• photosensitivity
• dysglycemia

Question 19

TMP/SMX warning/SE

Answer 19

• moderatley inhibits CYP2C9—> watch Warfarin!!
• retains K —> careful w/ ACEI/ARBs
• hypersensitivity rxns
• reversible myelosuppression
• hemolytic anemia in G6PD patients

Question 20

Fluconazole warning

Answer 20

-inhibits CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 (watch warfarin and other drugs)

Question 21

Gold standard for anti MSSA

Answer 21

dicloxacillin

then cephalexin, doxy, TMP-SMX, clinda

Question 22

Anti MRSA abx

Answer 22

• linezolid and tedizolic
• doxy and minocycline
• TMP-SMX
• Clindamycin

Question 23

Anti pseudomonal abx

Answer 23

-cipro and levo

Question 24

Anti-anaerobic abx

Answer 24

Gold = metronidazole or amoxicillin/clavulanate
Silver = clindamycin