Pediatrics 2 Flashcards
by what age do 89% of umbilical hernias spontaneously close by?
5 years
when do most cases of internal tibial torsion typically resolve?
3-4 yo
if the thigh foot angle is still > 10 degrees of intoeing at what age, should a patient be sent to ortho for internal tibial torsion?
8 yo
what is cozen deformity of the lower extremity in children?
genu valgum that results from past proximal tibial metaphyseal fracture
you measure a child’s leg length from the ASIS to the medial malleolus. a difference side to side greater than what measurement is considered a discrepancy?
2cm
a referral is indicated for femoral anteversion if functional difficulty continues after what age?
8 yo
internal tibial torsion often resolves by what age?
3-4 yo
t/f a rigid metatarsus adductus is an indication for referral
true
what is the definition of rigid metatarsus adductus?
cannot abduct to midline
normally, the heel bisector line used to measure metatarsus adductus will align with which toe?
second toe
t/f the W sitting position worsens femoral anteversion
false
t/f referral is indicated for femoral anteversion once the child is 11 yo and has internal hip rotation > 80 degrees
true
what is the most common cause of intoeing between 1-3 yo
internal tibial torsion
at what age and degree of internal rotation is a referral to peds ortho indicated in the case of internal tibial torsion?
> 10 degrees internal rotation at 8 yo
what is the most common cause of out-toeing in children?
pes planus
what is the difference between rigid and flexible pes planus?
rigid - arch does not correct with heel raise
flexible - arch corrects with heel raise
at what age should femoral retroversion be referred?
3 yo
femoral retroversion that develops after age 3 yo could indicate either of what two serious pathologies?
LCP disease or SCFE
genu varum in infants should resolve by how many months of age?
13 to 18 months
genu valgum is most noticeable in children around what age?
3 years
what is a cozen deformity of the lower extremity?
genu valgum due to previous proximal tibial metaphyseal fracture
how long should infant swaddling be recommended?
until the infant can start to roll over
t/f room sharing is protective against SIDS and should be encouraged
true
t/f exclusively feeding breast milk is recommended up to 6 months for the reduction of SIDS
true
which non modifiable risk factor carries the strongest odds ratio for SIDS?
preterm birth
which intervention is recommended to reduce the risk of plagiocephaly?
tummy time
what age is the peak incidence of plagiocephaly?
4 months
what is the initial at home intervention for plagiocephaly?
prone positioning / tummy time at home
what is a second line intervention if an infant’s plagiocephaly is refractory to home intervention
physical therapy
t/f wearable cardiorespiratory monitors are recommended to reduce SIDS
false
which lower extremity angle measurement will be used to assess for internal tibial torsion?
thigh / foot angle
what is the first line treatment for the treatment of symptomatic phimosis?
topical corticosteroids
American Academy of pediatrics recommends weaning a pacifier after 6 months to decrease the risk of what?
otitis media
t/f exclusive breastfeeding mitigates the risk of malocclusion due to pacifier use
true
pacifiers should be offered to infants before sleep to reduce the risk of what?
SIDS
t/f pacifier use can reduce otalgia during air travel
true
pacifiers should be introduced once what is well established?
breastfeeding
what are the two most sensitive aneuploidy screening options for down syndrome?
- cell free DNA
- integrated screen
the quad screen is for aneuploidy only during what trimester?
second
up to what percentage of patients born with Down syndrome have a congenital heart defect?
50%
a CBC should be performed on what day of life for a patient with down syndrome?
day 3
what is the most common medical problem in patients with down syndrome?
vision / eye abnormalities
in most children with down syndrome, TSH, CBC, hearing screenings, and iron studies should be done how often?
annually
t/f all children with down syndrome should undergo PSG evaluating for OSA between 3 and 4 years old
true
what percentage incidence is there of refractive errors leading to amblyopia by 5 years of age in patients with down syndrome?
50%
which solid organ cancer is the only one that has a higher rate in patients with down syndrome?
testicular cancer
what aneuploidy screening option for down syndrome has the lowest false positive rate?
cell free DNA
what two topical insect repellants have similar efficacy?
DEET and picardin
