Pediatrics 2

Question 1

by what age do 89% of umbilical hernias spontaneously close by?

Answer 1

5 years

Question 2

when do most cases of internal tibial torsion typically resolve?

Answer 2

3-4 yo

Question 3

if the thigh foot angle is still > 10 degrees of intoeing at what age, should a patient be sent to ortho for internal tibial torsion?

Answer 3

8 yo

Question 4

what is cozen deformity of the lower extremity in children?

Answer 4

genu valgum that results from past proximal tibial metaphyseal fracture

Question 5

you measure a child’s leg length from the ASIS to the medial malleolus. a difference side to side greater than what measurement is considered a discrepancy?

Answer 5

2cm

Question 6

a referral is indicated for femoral anteversion if functional difficulty continues after what age?

Answer 6

8 yo

Question 7

internal tibial torsion often resolves by what age?

Answer 7

3-4 yo

Question 8

t/f a rigid metatarsus adductus is an indication for referral

Answer 8

true

Question 9

what is the definition of rigid metatarsus adductus?

Answer 9

cannot abduct to midline

Question 10

normally, the heel bisector line used to measure metatarsus adductus will align with which toe?

Answer 10

second toe

Question 11

t/f the W sitting position worsens femoral anteversion

Answer 11

false

Question 12

t/f referral is indicated for femoral anteversion once the child is 11 yo and has internal hip rotation > 80 degrees

Answer 12

true

Question 13

what is the most common cause of intoeing between 1-3 yo

Answer 13

internal tibial torsion

Question 14

at what age and degree of internal rotation is a referral to peds ortho indicated in the case of internal tibial torsion?

Answer 14

> 10 degrees internal rotation at 8 yo

Question 15

what is the most common cause of out-toeing in children?

Answer 15

pes planus

Question 16

what is the difference between rigid and flexible pes planus?

Answer 16

rigid - arch does not correct with heel raise
flexible - arch corrects with heel raise

Question 17

at what age should femoral retroversion be referred?

Answer 17

3 yo

Question 18

femoral retroversion that develops after age 3 yo could indicate either of what two serious pathologies?

Answer 18

LCP disease or SCFE

Question 19

genu varum in infants should resolve by how many months of age?

Answer 19

13 to 18 months

Question 20

genu valgum is most noticeable in children around what age?

Answer 20

3 years

Question 21

what is a cozen deformity of the lower extremity?

Answer 21

genu valgum due to previous proximal tibial metaphyseal fracture

Question 22

how long should infant swaddling be recommended?

Answer 22

until the infant can start to roll over

Question 23

t/f room sharing is protective against SIDS and should be encouraged

Answer 23

true

Question 24

t/f exclusively feeding breast milk is recommended up to 6 months for the reduction of SIDS

Answer 24

true

Question 25

which non modifiable risk factor carries the strongest odds ratio for SIDS?

Answer 25

preterm birth

Question 26

which intervention is recommended to reduce the risk of plagiocephaly?

Answer 26

tummy time

Question 27

what age is the peak incidence of plagiocephaly?

Answer 27

4 months

Question 28

what is the initial at home intervention for plagiocephaly?

Answer 28

prone positioning / tummy time at home

Question 29

what is a second line intervention if an infant's plagiocephaly is refractory to home intervention

Answer 29

physical therapy

Question 30

t/f wearable cardiorespiratory monitors are recommended to reduce SIDS

Answer 30

false

Question 31

which lower extremity angle measurement will be used to assess for internal tibial torsion?

Answer 31

thigh / foot angle

Question 32

what is the first line treatment for the treatment of symptomatic phimosis?

Answer 32

topical corticosteroids

Question 33

American Academy of pediatrics recommends weaning a pacifier after 6 months to decrease the risk of what?

Answer 33

otitis media

Question 34

t/f exclusive breastfeeding mitigates the risk of malocclusion due to pacifier use

Answer 34

true

Question 35

pacifiers should be offered to infants before sleep to reduce the risk of what?

Answer 35

SIDS

Question 36

t/f pacifier use can reduce otalgia during air travel

Answer 36

true

Question 37

pacifiers should be introduced once what is well established?

Answer 37

breastfeeding

Question 38

what are the two most sensitive aneuploidy screening options for down syndrome?

Answer 38

1. cell free DNA 2. integrated screen

Question 39

the quad screen is for aneuploidy only during what trimester?

Answer 39

second

Question 40

up to what percentage of patients born with Down syndrome have a congenital heart defect?

Answer 40

50%

Question 41

a CBC should be performed on what day of life for a patient with down syndrome?

Answer 41

day 3

Question 42

what is the most common medical problem in patients with down syndrome?

Answer 42

vision / eye abnormalities

Question 43

in most children with down syndrome, TSH, CBC, hearing screenings, and iron studies should be done how often?

Answer 43

annually

Question 44

t/f all children with down syndrome should undergo PSG evaluating for OSA between 3 and 4 years old

Answer 44

true

Question 45

what percentage incidence is there of refractive errors leading to amblyopia by 5 years of age in patients with down syndrome?

Answer 45

50%

Question 46

which solid organ cancer is the only one that has a higher rate in patients with down syndrome?

Answer 46

testicular cancer

Question 47

what aneuploidy screening option for down syndrome has the lowest false positive rate?

Answer 47

cell free DNA

Question 48

what two topical insect repellants have similar efficacy?

Answer 48

DEET and picardin