Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

for patients with low risk, stable chest pain without known CAD, what two options are reaonable to proceed with for further evaluation?

A

CAC or exercise stress testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

t/f USPSTF found that the harms of screening low risk patients who are asymptomatic with exercise stress testing outweigh benefits

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what calculator should be used to determine need for further testing in a patient with stable chest discomfort with known triggers?

A

CAD consortium 2 calculator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the standard criterion for the diagnosis of exercise induced ischemia on stress EKG?

A

horizontal or downsloping ST segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

t/f studies show an inverse relationship between METs achieved on exercise stress testing and mortality

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the two chemical forms of stress test?

A

dobutamine and Lexiscan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what two modalities can be used to conduct myocardial perfusion scan?

A

CT or PET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

perfusion defects seen on myocardial perfusion imaging that are present with stress but not at rest indicate what?

A

ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

on myocardial perfusion imaging, perfusion deficits that present with both rest and stress indicate what?

A

prior infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what pathway can be used to risk stratify patients with acute chest pain?

A

HEART score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in a patient with acute chest pain with high risk for ACS, what is generally the next step?

A

invasive coronary angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

patients with acute chest pain and intermediate risk of ACS without known history of CAD should undergo what?

A

further evaluation with GXT, MPI or CMR imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in a patient with stable chest pain at intermediate or high risk without known CAD, in addition to stress echo, MPI, CMR, stress EKG, what other modality for testing may be appropriate?

A

CTCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a patient without known CAD but with HTN and HLD and 3 months of chest pain has a low CAD consortium 2 risk. what are the two next potential options for evaluation of possible CAD?

A

CAC score or GXT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the cutoff for METs needed during stress testing to qualify for exercise stress testing?

A

at least 5 METS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

t/f conditions such as COPD, chronic renal insufficiency and inflammatory conditions cause increase in troponin levels

17
Q

what is thhe recommended test for evaluation in an intermediate risk patient with stable chest pain?

18
Q

in the case of afib, what intervention is more effective for acute rhythm control than medications?

A

electrical cardioversion

19
Q

in up to what percentage of patients does afib recur after catheter ablation?

20
Q

in the case of newly diagnosed afib, what adjunct cardiac study should be done?

21
Q

t/f caffeine abstinence helps reduce the risk of afib

22
Q

what is the most important risk factor for afib?

23
Q

in what two cardiac settings would warfarin be preferred for anticoagulation in afib?

A

mechanical heart valve or severe mitral stenosis

24
Q

what is the threshold CHADSVASC score for anticoagulation in men and women?

A

men: 2 or greater
women: 3 or greater

25
for how long is anticoagulation indicated after acute synchronized cardioversion for the treatment of acute rhythm control in afib?
4 weeks
26
what are the only two safe medication options for rhythm control in afib in a patient with reduced ejection fraction?
dofetilide and amiodarone
27
for how long after ablation should anticoagulation be continued in the treatment of afib?
3 months
28
t/f surgical exclusion / occlusion of the left atrial appendage have decreased CV, stroke, and all cause mortality
true
29
t/f exercise based cardiac rehab reduces the risk of short term all cause mortality in patients with HF with or without reduced EF
false
30
which test is indicated for a patient with intermediate risk stable chest pain with no known CAD?
CCTA
31
for Alzheimer's patients with moderate to severe dementia, what combination of cognitive enhancers is best?
donepezil and memantine
32
in a patient with asthma already taking a medium dose ICS who has uncontrolled symptoms, what is the next best addition?
LABA
33