Ophthalmology Flashcards
a patient presents with ocular pain, headache, and nausea. what eye related disorder would be most likely?
angle closure glaucoma
what condition is characterized by a curtain like visual field deficit and usually requires surgical deficit?
retinal detachment
painless vision loss in a patient with vascular risk factors raises highest suspicion for what condition?
retinal artery occlusion
what condition is characterized in patients older than 50 years with scalp tenderness, jaw claudication and muscle pain?
giant cell arteritis
what eye condition is characterized by demyelination, afferent pupillary defect, pain with extraocular movement?
optic neuritis
IV methylprednisolone of 1g / day is equivalent to what oral dose of prednisone?
1250mg
bilateral vision loss is more likely to be related to what portion of the CNS?
cerebral (posterior to the optic chiasm)
severe myopia increases the risk of what other condition that can result in sudden vision loss?
retinal detachment
pupil dilation with illumination indicates what?
relative afferent pupillary defect
how does glautoma result in vision loss?
increases in eye pressure lead to progressive optic neuropathy
an abnormal oblique flashlight test indicates what pathology?
narrow angle - increased risk of glaucoma
what is normal intraocular pressure range?
10-21
t/f for acute angle closure glaucoma, treatment can consist of topical beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, alpha agonists, prostaglandins, and muscarinic agents
true
what is the definitive management for glaucoma?
peripheral iridotomy
t/f retinal detachment causes pain
false
what is the immediate next step in treatment if you suspect retinal detachment?
ophtho consult
what is amaurosis fugax?
transient unilateral vision loss
on fundoscopic exam, a cherry red spot is seen at the center of the macula. what is the most likely diagnosis?
central retinal artery occlusion
what type of emergency evaluation is needed for a patient with suspected central retinal artery occlusion?
stroke evaluation
what three lab markers should you order for a patient with suspected giant cell arteritis?
CRP, ESR, and platelet count
if a patient has biopsy confirmed giant cell arteritis, how long do they need oral prednisone?
1-2 years
what is the hallmark objective finding on exam of a patient with optic neuritis?
relative afferent pupillary defect on swinging flashlight
color desaturation int eh setting of sudden loss of visual acuity and central visual field loss is indicative of what condition?
optic neuritis
t/f use of antioxidant vitamin or zinc supplement can delay progression of age related macular degeneration compared to placebo
true
you suspect giant cell arteritis. what formulation of steroid should you start treatment with for the first 3 days?
IV methylprednisolone
you diagnose a patient with probable central retinal artery occlusion. what is the immediate next step?
emergency consultation with stroke neurologist - IV thrombolysis may be beneficial for select patients in the first 4.5 hrs
