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Family Medicine > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

most neonatal umbilical hernias will spontaneously resolve by what age?

A

5 years old

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3
Q

t/f systemic corticosteroids, elimination diets, and topical antibiotics should be avoided in atopic dermatitis

A

true

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4
Q

what type of baths are beneficial for moderate to severe cases of atopic dermatitis?

A

bleach baths

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5
Q

how frequently should you use mid or high potency steroid medication for atopic dermatitis ?

A

once daily - using twice daily offers minimal improvement

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6
Q

t/f topical steroids and calcineurin inhibitors are safer and less expensive options for treatment of atopic dermatitis compared with Opzelura

A

true

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7
Q

t/f tolerance to food antigens improves with frequent exposure in infants

A

true

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8
Q

once remission is achieved for a patient with relapsing atopic dermatitis, what are the two options for maintenance therapy?

A

once daily midpotency steroid or calcineurin inhibitor two to three times weekly

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9
Q

at what age does the USPSTF start recommending comprehensive intensive behavioral intervention for children with BMI > 95th percentile?

A

6 years

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10
Q

what medication can be used to treat atopic dermatitis that is mild in whom the patient prefers to avoid steroids and calcineurin inhibitors?

A

crisaborole (PDE4 inhibitor)

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11
Q

what is the recommended dose of daily ferrous sulfate supplementation for pediatric patients with IDA?

A

2-6mg/kg/day

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12
Q

what is the most common cause of anemia in children less than 5 yo ?

A

iron deficiency anemia

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13
Q

universal screening for anemia should be considered in all children at what age timeline?

A

9-12 months

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14
Q

what is the preferred type of iron to use for supplementation to treat IDA in children?

A

ferrous sulfate

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15
Q

t/f systolic ejection murmur can be a physical sign of anemia

A

true

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16
Q

when should iron supplementation start for infants who are exclusively breastfed?

A

4 months

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17
Q

what 4 studies should be done to further classify normocytic anemia in children?

A

reticulocyte count, bilirubin, haptoglobin and LDH

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18
Q

G6PD deficiency, pyruvate kinase deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis can cause what type of anemia?

A

normocytic anemia

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19
Q

what is the most common inherited blood disorder in the US?

A

sickle cell anemia

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20
Q

if a patient is found to have normocytic anemia with low reticulocyte count, what other test can be performed to further differentiate if this is due to a bone marrow disorder?

A

peripheral smear

21
Q

inflammation from a virus such as parvovirus B19 may cause what type of anemia? what relative reticulocyte count?

A

normocytic anemia with low reticulocyte count

22
Q

if a patient is found to have microcytic anemia, what three lab tests should be done for further evaluation?

A

reticulocyte count, iron panel and lead measurement

23
Q

you diagnose a pediatric patient with IDA. You start oral ferrous sulfate at 2-6mg/kg/day. when should you repeat hemoglobin and reticulocyte count?

A

2-4 weeks

24
Q

after 2-4 weeks of oral iron supplementation, by what percentage do you expect an increase in Hb levels for a patient being treated for IDA?

A

50% increase

25
Q

what is the USPSTF position on lead screening for children?

A

insufficient evidence to measure in asymptomatic children less than 5 yo

26
Q

at what age does the transition from fetal to adult Hb occur?

A

6 months

27
Q

what ratio can be used to help differentiate thalassemia from iron deficiency in a patient with evidence of microcytic anemia?

A

Mentzer index (MCV / RBC)

28
Q

what nutritional deficiency may be considered in an infant exclusively fed goat’s milk?

A

folate deficiency

29
Q

what condition may be considered for a patient with suspected B12 deficiency whose anemia is not improving with B12 supplementation?

A

intrinsic factor deficiency

30
Q

what are the two causes of megaloblastic anemia?

A

B12 and folate deficiency

31
Q

what type of anemia is characterized by hypersegmented neutrophils?

A

megaloblastic anemia

32
Q

if intussusception is suspected, what can be both diagnostic and therapeutic?

A

air / contrast enema

33
Q

what is the most common surgical emergency in children?

A

appendicitis

34
Q

children with hypertension are how much more likely to experience MACE compared to children without hypertension?

A

2x as likel;y

35
Q

what is the most common site for acute bacterial arthritis in children?

A

hip

36
Q

what is the most common pathogen causing acute bacterial arthritis in children?

A

staph aureus

37
Q

what two lab markers are not helpful in differentiating transient synovitis from bacterial arthritis in children?

A

procalcitonin and ESR

38
Q

what is the initial imaging that should be done for suspected bacterial arthritis ?

A

xray

39
Q

delaying antibiotic therapy in the case of bacterial arthritis may increase the risk of what complication?

A

chondrolysis

40
Q

what two antibiotics can be used orally for treatment of bacterial arthritis if risk of MRSA is low?

A

cephalexin / clindamycin

41
Q

what is the preferred oral antibiotic for treatment of bacterial arthritis when risk of MRSA is high?

A

clindamycin

42
Q

what is the summary of evidence of use of corticosteroids in the treatment of bacterial arthritis

A

not recommended

43
Q

what IV antibiotic is preferred for treatment of possible MRSA bacterial arthritis when there is a high rate of resistance to clindamycin?

A

ceftaroline

44
Q

aspiration of joint fluid in suspected cases of bacterial arthritis are culture positive in what percentage of cases?

A

40%

45
Q

evaluating for and identifying what comorbid / related condition is important in the evaluation of suspected bacterial arthritis?

A

osteomyelitis

46
Q

what is the next step in evaluation if normocytic anemia is found in children

A

reticulocyte count

47
Q

what is the classic triad of symptoms for intussusception?

A

colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody mucoid stools

48
Q

for an ill appearing child, what is indicated immediately in the setting of suspicion for acute bacterial arthritis?

A

antibiotic therapy (prior to joint fluid aspiration for culture)

49
Q
A

Family Medicine (13 decks)

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