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NBCOT Exam > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Bradydysrhythmia

A

abnormally slow heart rate

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2
Q

Tachydysrhythmia

A

abnormally fast heart rate

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3
Q

Asthma

A

airway constriction resulting in difficulty breathing and wheezing

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4
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

thick, viscous secretions that blocks digestive tract, bronchial tree, and pancreatic duct
- can result in chronic pulmonary disease (chronic cough/wheezing)

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5
Q

Hemophilia

A

blood disorder causing longer bleeding times or bleeding episodes.

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6
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia

A

abnormally shaped red blood cells causing decreased energy for daily tasks

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7
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)

A

brittle bones, minor trauma can cause fractures

  • fetal type is most severe and mortality is high
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8
Q

OT treatment for Osetogenesis Imperfecta (OI)

A
  • Parent education on handling and positioning to prevent fracture
  • Weight bearing
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9
Q

Amelia

A

absence of a limb or distal segments of a limb

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10
Q

Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy

A

progresses quickly, usually in WC by age 9
ADLs become increasingly difficulty and people with DMD typically die in the 20s

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11
Q

Meningocele spina bifida

A

spinal opening with exposed pouch of CSF and meninges

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12
Q

Myclomeningocele

A

most severe form of spina bifida, exposed pouch with CSF, meninges, and nerve roots

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13
Q

Myclomeningocele Spina Bifida OT implications

A
  • bladder/bowel programs
  • family/client education
  • assistive devices for mobility
  • address possible learning/cog issues
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14
Q

Erb-Duchenne Palsy

A

upper brachial plexus injury
- UE paralysis, shoulder more effected than hand

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15
Q

Klumpke’s Palsy

A

lower brachial plexus injury
- hand/wrist paralysis (“claw hand”)

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16
Q

Zones of regulation

A

used to teach children about regulating emotions and sensory needs
- red (intense emotions)
- yellow (heightened state, high emotions)
- green (optimal state)
- blue (less than optimal state)

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17
Q

Dysgraphia

A

difficulty with writing

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18
Q

dyscalculia

A

difficulty with math

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19
Q

visual perception

A

the process of being able to understand what is being seen

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20
Q

visual memory

A

integrating visual info with past experiences

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21
Q

visual discrimination

A

recognition, matching, and categorization

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22
Q

Visual receptive dysfunction

A

difficulty completing work in a timely manner, avoidance of reading, visual fatigue

23
Q

Handwriting: 10-12 months

A

scribbles

24
Q

Handwriting: 2 years

A

imitates lines/circles

25
Q

Handwriting: 3 years

A

copies lines/circles

26
Q

Handwriting: 4-5 years

A

copies crosses, squares, oblique lines, some letters/numbers

27
Q

Handwriting: 5-6 years

A

copies triangle, prints own name, copies most letters

28
Q

Neurodevelopmental approach for handwriting

A

prep activities for posture and UE (strengthening, proximal joint stability)

  • used for children with poor postural control/limb control/tone
29
Q

Acquisitional approach for handwriting

A

hand righting is taught directly with brief daily lessons

30
Q

Sensorimotor approach for handwriting

A

multi-sensory input, multiple writing tools, surfaces, and positions offered to child

31
Q

Biomechanical approach for handwriting

A

focus on ergonomic factors
- posture (upright, feet on floor, table 2 inches above flexed elbows)
- paper position (should be slanted)
- pencil grip
- paper modifications

32
Q

Psycho-social approach for handwriting

A

improving self control, coping, and social behaviors.
- enhance self confidence
- communicate importance of good handwriting

33
Q

Sensory diet

A

provides child with optimal sensory experiences to be functional in their environment

34
Q

Sensory modulation problems

A

child is unable to grade responses in relation to external stimuli

35
Q

underreactivity

A

fail to orient to stimuli (low or no reaction)

36
Q

overreactivity

A

overorient to stimuli

37
Q

Tactile defensiveness

A

overreaction to tactile input

38
Q

gravitational insecurity

A

over-responding to vestibular input, scared of movement, may move more carefully

39
Q

visual perceptual problems

A

difficulty with form/space perception, figure-ground perception, spatial orientation, depth perception, visual closure

40
Q

vestibular-proprioceptive problems

A
  • poor bilateral coordination and difficulty sequencing actions
  • decreases equilibrium, poor posture, delayed gross motor skills
41
Q

Assessments for behavioral disorders

A
  • school skills rating system
  • school function assessment
42
Q

Gold standard for evaluating sensory integration and praxis

A

sensory integration and praxis test

43
Q

Parent, teacher, or self-report assessment of sensory processing skills

A

SPM- sensory processing measure

44
Q

Parent, teacher, or self-report assessment that includes measures of sensory over and underresponsivity

A

SP- sensory profile

45
Q

Response to Intervention approach: Tier 1

A

school wide prevention

46
Q

Response to Intervention approach: Tier 2

A

programs for at-risk students

47
Q

Response to Intervention approach: Tier 3

A

individual or group intervention for those with mental health concerns

48
Q

IDEA

A

equal access to education

49
Q

focus of OT for Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A
  • following rules
  • taking direction from others
  • coping strategies
  • self- management
50
Q

“Time-IN’s”

A

used to increase pleasant social and physical contact

51
Q

Behavioral Therapy of ODD

A
  • have consistent expectations and consequences
  • use positive reinforcement
  • use the same program at home and at school
52
Q

Intervention for social skills, problem solving, and anger management

A
  • videotaped modeling
  • role plays
  • reading stories about children who deal with social problems
  • child-directed and initiated intervention
  • socratic questioning
  • recording progress on charts
  • alternating preferred and non-preferred activity
53
Q

T/F: Observation and informal evaluations are best for assessing children with ODD

A

TRUE
- people with ODD are not always truthful and generally do not have insight

NBCOT Exam (14 decks)

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