Pediatrics

Question 1

Bradydysrhythmia

Answer 1

abnormally slow heart rate

Question 2

Tachydysrhythmia

Answer 2

abnormally fast heart rate

Question 3

Asthma

Answer 3

airway constriction resulting in difficulty breathing and wheezing

Question 4

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 4

thick, viscous secretions that blocks digestive tract, bronchial tree, and pancreatic duct
- can result in chronic pulmonary disease (chronic cough/wheezing)

Question 5

Hemophilia

Answer 5

blood disorder causing longer bleeding times or bleeding episodes.

Question 6

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 6

abnormally shaped red blood cells causing decreased energy for daily tasks

Question 7

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)

Answer 7

brittle bones, minor trauma can cause fractures

• fetal type is most severe and mortality is high

Question 8

OT treatment for Osetogenesis Imperfecta (OI)

Answer 8

• Parent education on handling and positioning to prevent fracture
• Weight bearing

Question 9

Amelia

Answer 9

absence of a limb or distal segments of a limb

Question 10

Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 10

progresses quickly, usually in WC by age 9
ADLs become increasingly difficulty and people with DMD typically die in the 20s

Question 11

Meningocele spina bifida

Answer 11

spinal opening with exposed pouch of CSF and meninges

Question 12

Myclomeningocele

Answer 12

most severe form of spina bifida, exposed pouch with CSF, meninges, and nerve roots

Question 13

Myclomeningocele Spina Bifida OT implications

Answer 13

• bladder/bowel programs
• family/client education
• assistive devices for mobility
• address possible learning/cog issues

Question 14

Erb-Duchenne Palsy

Answer 14

upper brachial plexus injury
- UE paralysis, shoulder more effected than hand

Question 15

Klumpke’s Palsy

Answer 15

lower brachial plexus injury
- hand/wrist paralysis (“claw hand”)

Question 16

Zones of regulation

Answer 16

used to teach children about regulating emotions and sensory needs
- red (intense emotions)
- yellow (heightened state, high emotions)
- green (optimal state)
- blue (less than optimal state)

Question 17

Dysgraphia

Answer 17

difficulty with writing

Question 18

dyscalculia

Answer 18

difficulty with math

Question 19

visual perception

Answer 19

the process of being able to understand what is being seen

Question 20

visual memory

Answer 20

integrating visual info with past experiences

Question 21

visual discrimination

Answer 21

recognition, matching, and categorization

Question 22

Visual receptive dysfunction

Answer 22

difficulty completing work in a timely manner, avoidance of reading, visual fatigue

Question 23

Handwriting: 10-12 months

Answer 23

scribbles

Question 24

Handwriting: 2 years

Answer 24

imitates lines/circles

Question 25

Handwriting: 3 years

Answer 25

copies lines/circles

Question 26

Handwriting: 4-5 years

Answer 26

copies crosses, squares, oblique lines, some letters/numbers

Question 27

Handwriting: 5-6 years

Answer 27

copies triangle, prints own name, copies most letters

Question 28

Neurodevelopmental approach for handwriting

Answer 28

prep activities for posture and UE (strengthening, proximal joint stability) - used for children with poor postural control/limb control/tone

Question 29

Acquisitional approach for handwriting

Answer 29

hand righting is taught directly with brief daily lessons

Question 30

Sensorimotor approach for handwriting

Answer 30

multi-sensory input, multiple writing tools, surfaces, and positions offered to child

Question 31

Biomechanical approach for handwriting

Answer 31

focus on ergonomic factors - posture (upright, feet on floor, table 2 inches above flexed elbows) - paper position (should be slanted) - pencil grip - paper modifications

Question 32

Psycho-social approach for handwriting

Answer 32

improving self control, coping, and social behaviors. - enhance self confidence - communicate importance of good handwriting

Question 33

Sensory diet

Answer 33

provides child with optimal sensory experiences to be functional in their environment

Question 34

Sensory modulation problems

Answer 34

child is unable to grade responses in relation to external stimuli

Question 35

underreactivity

Answer 35

fail to orient to stimuli (low or no reaction)

Question 36

overreactivity

Answer 36

overorient to stimuli

Question 37

Tactile defensiveness

Answer 37

overreaction to tactile input

Question 38

gravitational insecurity

Answer 38

over-responding to vestibular input, scared of movement, may move more carefully

Question 39

visual perceptual problems

Answer 39

difficulty with form/space perception, figure-ground perception, spatial orientation, depth perception, visual closure

Question 40

vestibular-proprioceptive problems

Answer 40

- poor bilateral coordination and difficulty sequencing actions - decreases equilibrium, poor posture, delayed gross motor skills

Question 41

Assessments for behavioral disorders

Answer 41

- school skills rating system - school function assessment

Question 42

Gold standard for evaluating sensory integration and praxis

Answer 42

sensory integration and praxis test

Question 43

Parent, teacher, or self-report assessment of sensory processing skills

Answer 43

SPM- sensory processing measure

Question 44

Parent, teacher, or self-report assessment that includes measures of sensory over and underresponsivity

Answer 44

SP- sensory profile

Question 45

Response to Intervention approach: Tier 1

Answer 45

school wide prevention

Question 46

Response to Intervention approach: Tier 2

Answer 46

programs for at-risk students

Question 47

Response to Intervention approach: Tier 3

Answer 47

individual or group intervention for those with mental health concerns

Question 48

IDEA

Answer 48

equal access to education

Question 49

focus of OT for Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Answer 49

- following rules - taking direction from others - coping strategies - self- management

Question 50

"Time-IN's"

Answer 50

used to increase pleasant social and physical contact

Question 51

Behavioral Therapy of ODD

Answer 51

- have consistent expectations and consequences - use positive reinforcement - use the same program at home and at school

Question 52

Intervention for social skills, problem solving, and anger management

Answer 52

- videotaped modeling - role plays - reading stories about children who deal with social problems - child-directed and initiated intervention - socratic questioning - recording progress on charts - alternating preferred and non-preferred activity

Question 53

T/F: Observation and informal evaluations are best for assessing children with ODD

Answer 53

TRUE - people with ODD are not always truthful and generally do not have insight