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NBCOT Exam > Neurodegenerative > Flashcards

Neurodegenerative Flashcards

1
Q

Akinesia

A

impairment in voluntary movement and initiation that causes “freezing” especially during gait activities

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2
Q

Bradykinesia

A

slowed motor movement

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3
Q

Dysmetria

A

decreased coordination of movement

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4
Q

Fasciculation

A

observed as a muscle twitch; involuntary muscle contraction and relaxaiton

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5
Q

Festinating gait

A

small rapid steps that result in forward tilted head an trunk

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6
Q

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

A

demyelinating disease, own body attacks myelin sheath of brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

Motor symptoms of MS

A

ataxia, paralysis, weakness, fatigue, tremors, dysphagia

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8
Q

Sensory symptoms of MS

A

paresthesia, vertigo, pain

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9
Q

Visual symptoms of MS

A

diplopia, optic neuritis (sudden loss of vision), blurred vision

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10
Q

Communication symptoms of MS

A

dysarthria, scanning speech

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11
Q

Bladder/Bowel symptoms of MS

A

incontinence, urgency/frequency

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12
Q

Cognitive symptoms of MS

A

ST memory, attention, decreased processing, executive functioning, visuospatial ability

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13
Q

OT eval for MS

A

pain, medication review, ask questions about dizziness, sensaiton, fine motor skills, fatigue, balance, sleep, etc

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14
Q

Standardized eval tools for MS

A
  • COPM
  • mod fatigue impact scale
  • beck depression
  • 9 hole peg/purdue pegboard
  • semmes weinstein
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15
Q

PAMs for MS

A

focal heat to trigger points

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16
Q

Fatigue management for MS

A
  • diary card to monitor activity level
  • reduce standing
  • cooling techniques (cooling vest, ice packs)
  • energy conservation techniques
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17
Q

Ataxia management for MS

A
  • proximal stabilization to improve distal movement
  • hand over hand techniques (using non-affected UE over hand with tremor when dialing phone)
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18
Q

T/F: maintaining hip flexion for MS reduces extensor spasms

A

TRUE
- you can provide stools to reach during LB dressing or bathing

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19
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

affects production of dopamine, influences speed and accuracy of movement, psoture, cognition, affect, and expression

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20
Q

Stage 1 PD

A

unilateral symptoms, no/minimal loss of function

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21
Q

Stage 2 PD

A

BL symptoms, balance not affected

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22
Q

Stage 3 PD

A

impaired balance/posture, mild-mod ADL impairment

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23
Q

Stage 4 PD

A

needs assistance with ADLs

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24
Q

Stage 5 PD

A

total dependence for ADLs/mobility

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25
Q

What type of cues should be used with a pt with PD?

A

single auditory cues
- produce quicker and smoother movement
- rhythm also helps

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26
Q

ALS

A

destroys motor neurons in the brain, spinal cord, and PNS

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27
Q

Initial signs of ALS

A

weakness of small muscles of the hand or foot drop causing tripping/stumbling

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28
Q

LMN symptoms

A

muscle atrophy, cramping, twitching

29
Q

T/F: cognition, sensation, vision, and bladder/bowel are affected with ALS

A

FALSE

30
Q

How many stages of ALS are there?

A

6

31
Q

Stage IV ALS

A

requires WC, some assistance with ADL

32
Q

Stage V ALS

A

WC, dependent in ADL

33
Q

Stage VI ALS

A

confined to bed, dependent in ADL

34
Q

Stage I ALS

A

some weakness, independent in ADLs

35
Q

Stage II ALS

A

can walk, moderate weakness

36
Q

Stage II ALS

A

can walk, severe weakness

37
Q

Life expectancy for ALS

A

1-5 years

38
Q

OT treatment for ALS

A
  • compensatory
  • keeping person active and independent for as long as possible
39
Q

Ideal WC for ALS

A

high back, recliner, lightweight

  • power WC as ALS advances
40
Q

Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS)

A

demyelination of axons in peripheral nerves

41
Q

What phase of GBS is most disabling?

A

Plateau phase
- little or no change in days/weeks

42
Q

What phase of GBS indicates a significant, if not complete, return to function?

A

Progressive recovery

43
Q

T/F: individuals with GBS may experience postural hypotension?

A

True

44
Q

Sensory deficits in GBS

A

hands and legs “glove and stocking” distribution

45
Q

What is the most frequently reported symptom of GBS?

A

fatigue

46
Q

OT role in plateau phase of GBS

A
  • TEMPORARY modifications
    ex) communication tools, hands-free telephone, positioning
47
Q

OT role in recovery phase of GBS

A

resumption of occupations and roles
ex) safe mobility, dynamic splinting for ROM, modified techniques for self-care, energy conservation/fatigue management, home assessments

48
Q

Huntington’s Disease (HD)

A

severe physical and mental disabilities characterized by loss of nerve cells in the brain

49
Q

HD involuntary movement pattersn

A

Chorea (rapid, involuntary), akathisia (restlessness), dystonia (abnormal posturing)

50
Q

HD voluntary movement patterns

A

Bradykinesia, akinesia (delayed initiation), incoordination

51
Q

T/F: HD causes difficulty with smaller movements and hand-eye coordination

A

TRUE

52
Q

T/F: At the later stages of HD, pt’s are unable to talk, walk, and perform BADLs

A

TRUE

53
Q

OT Eval tool for HD

A

Unified HD Rating Scale, assesses motor, cognitive function and functional capacity

54
Q

OT intervention for early stage of HD

A
  • address memory and concentration (checklists, routines, use of open ended questions)
  • work sit evals
  • home mods/safety (reminders to turn off appliances, unbreakable dinner-wear, covered mugs for hot liquid)
  • support groups
55
Q

OT intervention in middle stage of HD

A
  • engagement in leisure activity
  • pt/family education (use simple written cues/words for self care completion, positioning, adaptive equipment)
  • fatigue management
  • oral-motor exercises
56
Q

OT intervention in final stages of HD

A
  • positioning
  • environmental controls
  • consistent schedules/routines
  • smooth transition to tube feeding
57
Q

Procedural memory

A

info on how to perform a task (e.g., how to ride a bike)
- stays intact with Alzheimer’s/Dementia

58
Q

Topographic orientation

A

orientation to self within the environment, gets lost easily

59
Q

Cognitive assistance level: ACL 1 (automatic actions)

A

totalA

60
Q

Cognitive assistance level: ACL 2 (postural actions)

A

maxA

61
Q

Cognitive assistance level: ACL 3 (manual actions)

A

modA

62
Q

Cognitive assistance level: ACL 4 (goal-directed)

A

minA

63
Q

Cognitive assistance level: ACL 5 (exploratory actions)

A

stand-byA

64
Q

Cognitive assistance level: ACL 6 (planned actions)

A

independent

65
Q

At what ACL does a patient: wander, pace, eat finger foods, performs one-step motor patterns, and requires 24hr supervision?

A

ACL 2 (postural reactions)

66
Q

At what ACL does a patient: require tactile cues, cannot learn new behaviors, and should perform activities that reinforce predictable tactile effects on the environment (e.g., walking, washing/drying dishes, wiping countertops)

A

ACL 3 (manual actions)

67
Q

At what ACL does a patient: no longer problem solve, participate in simple, concrete activities, require visual/tactile cues?

A

ACL 4 (goal-directed)

68
Q

At what ACL does a patient: participate in self-initiated motor actions, have difficulty with judgement, reasoning, and planning, and use trial-error learning?

A

ACL 5 (exploratory actions)

NBCOT Exam (14 decks)

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