Pediatric Pulmonology Flashcards
Chylothorax is a(n) […] pleural effusion due to disruption of lymphatic flow within the thoracic duct.
Chylothorax is a(n) exudative pleural effusion due to disruption of lymphatic flow within the thoracic duct.
Chylothorax is differentiated from other causes of exudative pleural effusion by its milky-white color and elevated […] levels.
Chylothorax is differentiated from other causes of exudative pleural effusion by its milky-white color and elevated triglyceride levels.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is associated with pulmonary […].
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is associated with pulmonary hypoplasia.
may manifest as polyhydramnios on prenatal ultrasound
Cystic fibrosis may be differentiated from kartagener syndrome by the presence of pancreatic […].
Cystic fibrosis may be differentiated from kartagener syndrome by the presence of pancreatic insufficiency.
e.g. poor growth, deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins; both syndromes may cause recurrent sinopulmonary infections, digital clubbing, and nasal polyps
Cystic fibrosis may cause […] in men due to absence of the vas deferens.
Cystic fibrosis may cause infertility in men due to absence of the vas deferens.
accumulation of inspissated mucus in the fetal genital tract impairs development of the vas deferens
Cystic fibrosis may cause infertility in men due to absence of the […].
Cystic fibrosis may cause infertility in men due to absence of the vas deferens.
accumulation of inspissated mucus in the fetal genital tract impairs development of the vas deferens
Empiric treatment of pneumonia in a young child with cystic fibrosis should include coverage against […].
Empiric treatment of pneumonia in a young child with cystic fibrosis should include coverage against methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
e.g. IV vancomycin
In patients with subcutaneous emphysema secondary to severe cough paroxysms, a CXR must be obtained to rule out […].
In patients with subcutaneous emphysema secondary to severe cough paroxysms, a CXR must be obtained to rule out pneumothorax.
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is associated with diffuse granularity of the lung with a “[…]” appearance on CXR.
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is associated with diffuse granularity of the lung with a “ground-glass” appearance on CXR.
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is associated with […] birth.
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is associated with premature birth.
surfactant production doesn’t begin until at least week 24 and and surfactant levels are insufficient until around week 35
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is respiratory distress due to inadequate […] levels.
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is respiratory distress due to inadequate surfactant levels.
The risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome may be reduced by administering maternal antenatal […].
The risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome may be reduced by administering maternal antenatal glucocorticoids.
stimulates fetal surfactant synthesis and secretion
The […] is an assessment of newborn vital signs following labor via a 10-point scale evaluated at 1 minute and 5 minutes.
The Apgar score is an assessment of newborn vital signs following labor via a 10-point scale evaluated at 1 minute and 5 minutes.
Treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome includes early […] +/- intubation.
Treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome includes early positive pressure ventilation +/- intubation.
artificial surfactant may also be helpful
What is the likely diagnosis in an infant that presents with a scaphoid abdomen with bowel sounds heard over the left lung fields?
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
What is the next step in management for a child in respiratory distress due to foreign body aspiration?
Bronchoscopy
characterized by sudden-onset respiratory distress; most aspirated foreign bodies end up in the right mainstem bronchus
What is the next step in management for a child that presents with suspected anaphylaxis?
Intramuscular epinephrine
What is the next step in management for a newborn with respiratory distress and hypoxia secondary to a suspected congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
Endotracheal intubation
ABCs take precedence over diagnostic studies; a gastric tube should be placed immediately after to decompress the stomach and bowel
What is the recommended treatment for a child with a small parapneumonic effusion identified on X-ray with no respiratory distress?
oral antibiotics and outpatient follow-up
moderate or large effusions require drainage
What is the recommended treatment for patients with croup and no stridor at rest?
oral corticosteroids + humidified air
What is the recommended treatment for patients with croup and stridor at rest?
oral corticosteroids and nebulized epinephrine
Which developmental pathology is characterized by bronchiectasis, recurrent sinusitis, and situs inversus?
Kartagener syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia)
an example of situs inversus is dextrocardia on CXR
Cystic fibrosis is due to a defect in the […] gene on chromosome 7.
Cystic fibrosis is due to a defect in the CFTR gene on chromosome 7.
Cystic fibrosis may cause malabsorption with […] and consequent […] vitamin deficiencies.
Cystic fibrosis may cause malabsorption with steatorrhea and consequent fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies.
deficiency of vitamin K may manifest as easy bruising and/or mucosal bleeding (e.g. epistaxis)
