Murmurs Flashcards
A continuous, machine-like murmur is indicative of what pathology?
Patent ductus arteriosus
A holosystolic high-pitched “blowing” murmur is indicative of what pathology?
mitral/tricuspid regurgitation
A murmur due to aortic stenosis may radiate to the…
…carotid arteries
A murmur due to mitral regurgitation may radiate to the…
…axilla.
A murmur with a midsystolic click is indicative of what pathology?
mitral valve prolapse
A murmur with an opening snap is indicative of what pathology?
mitral stenosis
due to abrupt halt in leaflet motion in diastole, after rapid opening due to fusion at leaflet tips
Does a ventricular septal defect cause a systolic or diastolic murmur?
Holo-systolic
“harsh-sounding murmur”
Does aortic regurgitation cause a systolic or diastolic murmur?
Diastolic
Does aortic stenosis cause a systolic or diastolic murmur?
Systolic ejection murmur
Does mitral stenosis cause a systolic or diastolic murmur?
Diastolic
Does mitral valve prolapse cause a systolic or diastolic murmur?
Late systolic (with midsystolic click)
Does mitral/tricuspid regurgitation cause a systolic or diastolic murmur?
Holo-systolic murmur
How do regurgitation murmurs change with squatting and handgrip (e.g. AR, MR, VSD)?
Increase
How do regurgitation murmurs change with standing and the Valsalva maneuver (e.g. AR, MR, VSD)?
Decrease
decreased preload
How does the murmur of aortic stenosis change with handgrip?
Decrease
How does the murmur of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitral valve prolapse change with squatting?
Decrease
increased preload or afterload
How does the murmur of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitral valve prolapse change with standing?
Increase
these murmurs increase in intensity with decreased preload; all other murmurs decrease
How does the murmur of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitral valve prolapse change with the Valsalva maneuver?
Increase
these murmurs increase in intensity with decreased preload; all other murmurs decrease
How does the murmur of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy change with handgrip?
Decrease
murmur decreases in intensity with increased preload or afterload
What is the likely cause of this harsh-sounding murmur:
ventricular septal defect
What is the likely cause of this high-pitched, “blowing” murmur:
mitral/tricuspid regurgitation
What is the likely cause of this murmur:
aortic regurgitation
What is the likely cause of this murmur:
aortic stenosis
What is the likely cause of this murmur:
mitral stenosis
What is the likely cause of this murmur:
mitral valve prolapse
What is the likely cause of this murmur:
patent ductus arteriosus
What is the shape of a murmur due to aortic regurgitation?
Early decrescendo
What is the shape of a murmur due to aortic stenosis?
Crescendo-decrescendo
an ejection click may be present
What is the shape of a murmur due to mitral valve prolapse?
Late crescendo
Where is a murmur due to aortic regurgitation the loudest?
Left sternal border
diastolic murmur; note: pulmonic regurgitation may be heard in the same area
Where is a murmur due to aortic stenosis the loudest?
Heart base (aortic area)
Where is a murmur due to atrial septal defect the loudest?
Left upper sternal border
diastolic mumur
Where is a murmur due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy the loudest?
Left sternal border
typically heard as a crescendo-decrescendo murmur; may radiate to the apex
Where is a murmur due to mitral regurgitation the loudest?
Apex (mitral area)
Where is a murmur due to mitral valve prolapse the loudest?
Apex (mitral area)
Where is a murmur due to ventricular septal defect the loudest?
Left lower sternal border
holosystolic murmur
