Pediatric Exam 2

Question 1

Omphalocele

Answer 1

Stomach & Intestine o/s of and

Contained within a sac of amnion, peritoneum and whartons’s jelly

Question 2

EA

Answer 2

Esophageal Atresia (EA)
Failure of the esophagus to develop as a continuous passage

Question 3

Failure of trachea and esophagus to separate into distinct structures

Answer 3

Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)

Question 4

esophagus ends in a blind pouch
Trachea has fistula to stomach
80-90% of cases

Answer 4

Proximal (EA with TEF):

Question 5

Esophagus ends in a blind pouch

NO connection to the trachea

Answer 5

Pure EA

Question 6

Cleft Pallet/ Cleft Lip Race of LOWEST incidence

Answer 6

African Americans (least likely to have fixed ww)

Question 7

Race w/ highest incidence of Cleft Pallet/ Cleft Lip

Answer 7

North American Indian

Question 8

Bound Unconjugated Billirubin

Answer 8

Fat soluble
Not Excretable
Bound loosely attached to albumin

Question 9

Unconjugated Bilirubin aka

Answer 9

indirect bilirubin

Question 10

2 types of unconjugated bilirubin

Answer 10

bound & unbound (dangerous)

Question 11

Jaundice occurs w/in 24H of birth

Answer 11

Pathological Jaundice (disease state)–> aggressive treatment

Question 12

Bilirubin >20

Answer 12

generally considered toxic

Question 13

Earliest s/s of Biliary Atresia

Answer 13

Jaundice

may be present at birth or appear until 2-3wks

Question 14

S/S include
Jaundice
urine dark  
stools – light in color
hepatomegaly
abd distention w/ ascites
splenomaegaly
poor fat metabolism
pruritis  
irritability

Answer 14

Biliary Atresia

Question 15

Dx Biliary Atresia

Answer 15

**Liver biopsy – definitive**
Exploratory lap
H&P, Growth/ nutrition  
Increased bilirubin
alk phosphatase, cholesterol  
U/S abd

Question 16

Spina bifida

Answer 16

collective term for all spinal cord disorders

Question 17

Transmission of HIV

Answer 17

Transplacental
Maternal fluid contact
Breastfeeding

Question 18

Can HIV be transmitted via breast milk

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

W/ HIV avoid

Answer 19

AROM
C/S, forceps, vacum extractor, episotomy
Breastfeeding
Fetal scalp electrodes

Question 20

C/S indicated for HIV

Answer 20

viral load >1000 copies

Question 21

ARV HIV in Preg begins

Answer 21

As soon as aware of preg

continue current Rx

Question 22

HIV exposed Neonates

Answer 22

6wk regimen zidovudine chemoprophylaxis
start w/in 6-12h of delivery
test for HIV

Question 23

Virological test for HIV in neonate

Answer 23

14-21d, 1-2 mo, 4-6 mo

2+ results–> HIV Dx

Question 24

T in TORCH

Answer 24

Toxoplasmosis 
Protozoa 
Cat feces
Raw/ undercooked meat
NOT person to person

Question 25

TORCH Stands for

Answer 25

``` Toxoplasmosis Other Rubella Cytomegallovirus Herpes ```

Question 26

O in torch (3)

Answer 26

Other: - syphilis - Hepatitis - Varicella

Question 27

Risk for Syphilis Contraction in the NB

Answer 27

Increased with recent maternal infection

Question 28

Transmission of Syphilis

Answer 28

Contact with exudates

Question 29

collection of fluid within the processus vaginalis

Answer 29

Hydrocele

Question 30

urethral defect | opening is on the ventral (lower) aspect of the penis

Answer 30

Hypospadius | DO NOT CIRCUMSIZED

Question 31

urethral defect | opening is on the dorsal surface

Answer 31

Epispadius | DO NOT CIRCUMSIZED

Question 32

urachus fails to close properly during embryonic development a fistula is left between the bladder and umbilicus

Answer 32

patent urachus

Question 33

Clear odorless fluid draining from base of the cord (uc)

Answer 33

Patent Urachus