Pediatric Exam 2 Flashcards
Omphalocele
Stomach & Intestine o/s of and
Contained within a sac of amnion, peritoneum and whartons’s jelly
EA
Esophageal Atresia (EA) Failure of the esophagus to develop as a continuous passage
Failure of trachea and esophagus to separate into distinct structures
Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
esophagus ends in a blind pouch
Trachea has fistula to stomach
80-90% of cases
Proximal (EA with TEF):
Esophagus ends in a blind pouch
NO connection to the trachea
Pure EA
Cleft Pallet/ Cleft Lip Race of LOWEST incidence
African Americans (least likely to have fixed ww)
Race w/ highest incidence of Cleft Pallet/ Cleft Lip
North American Indian
Bound Unconjugated Billirubin
Fat soluble
Not Excretable
Bound loosely attached to albumin
Unconjugated Bilirubin aka
indirect bilirubin
2 types of unconjugated bilirubin
bound & unbound (dangerous)
Jaundice occurs w/in 24H of birth
Pathological Jaundice (disease state)–> aggressive treatment
Bilirubin >20
generally considered toxic
Earliest s/s of Biliary Atresia
Jaundice
may be present at birth or appear until 2-3wks
S/S include Jaundice urine dark stools – light in color hepatomegaly abd distention w/ ascites splenomaegaly poor fat metabolism pruritis irritability
Biliary Atresia
Dx Biliary Atresia
**Liver biopsy – definitive** Exploratory lap H&P, Growth/ nutrition Increased bilirubin alk phosphatase, cholesterol U/S abd
Spina bifida
collective term for all spinal cord disorders
Transmission of HIV
Transplacental
Maternal fluid contact
Breastfeeding
Can HIV be transmitted via breast milk
Yes
W/ HIV avoid
AROM
C/S, forceps, vacum extractor, episotomy
Breastfeeding
Fetal scalp electrodes
C/S indicated for HIV
viral load >1000 copies
ARV HIV in Preg begins
As soon as aware of preg
continue current Rx
HIV exposed Neonates
6wk regimen zidovudine chemoprophylaxis
start w/in 6-12h of delivery
test for HIV
Virological test for HIV in neonate
14-21d, 1-2 mo, 4-6 mo
2+ results–> HIV Dx
T in TORCH
Toxoplasmosis Protozoa Cat feces Raw/ undercooked meat NOT person to person
TORCH Stands for
Toxoplasmosis Other Rubella Cytomegallovirus Herpes
O in torch (3)
Other:
- syphilis
- Hepatitis
- Varicella
Risk for Syphilis Contraction in the NB
Increased with recent maternal infection
Transmission of Syphilis
Contact with exudates
collection of fluid within the processus vaginalis
Hydrocele
urethral defect
opening is on the ventral (lower) aspect of the penis
Hypospadius
DO NOT CIRCUMSIZED
urethral defect
opening is on the dorsal surface
Epispadius
DO NOT CIRCUMSIZED
urachus fails to close properly during embryonic development a fistula is left between the bladder and umbilicus
patent urachus
Clear odorless fluid draining from base of the cord (uc)
Patent Urachus