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N201 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Childhood Mortality: Under age 1

A

Airway - suffocation

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2
Q

Childhood Mortality: Ages 1-3

A

Motor vehicle; Drowning

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3
Q

Childhood Mortality: Ages 4-11

A

Motor vehicle
Drowning
Homicide

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4
Q

Childhood Mortality: Ages 12 - 19

A

Motor vehicle
Homicide (may be more intentional)
Suicide

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5
Q

The prevalence of specific illness in the population at a particular time

A

Morbidity

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6
Q

Pais:

A

Latin for Child

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7
Q

1912

A

Childrens Bureau

1st study on infant mortality rate

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8
Q

1935

A

Social Security

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9
Q

1938

A

Fair labor standards→child labor laws

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10
Q

1940’s

A

Isolation: kids not placed in the same ward

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11
Q

1974

A

WIC: Woman Infant and Children <5yo

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12
Q

1993

A

FMLA- Family Medical Leave: 12 weeks unpaid leave w/o fear of loosing your position

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13
Q

Barriers to Health Care for Children

A
  • Financial: Insurance
  • Systems: Transportation
  • Lack of knowledge
  • DRG’s: Dx dictates time of stay
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14
Q

In the first 12mo birth wt

A

Triples
Ave 21-22lbs
Biggest Change

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15
Q

Birth wt doubles by

A

4-6 mo

Ave 16 lb

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16
Q

Birth Length during the first 12mo

A

increases by 50%

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17
Q

Posterior Fontanel typically closes by

A

3 mo

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18
Q

Anterior Fontanel typically closes by

A

8-18 mo

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19
Q

Babies are placed on back

A

to sleep

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20
Q

Babies are prone when

A

playing

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21
Q

Cephalocaudal development

A

head –>trunk–>LE

Infants

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22
Q

Proximodistal development

A

Near to far (Midline to peripheral)

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23
Q

Fine motor development

A

Coordination of hand and finger movements

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24
Q

Psychosocial Development: Trust vs Mistrust Age

A

Birth to 18 mo

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25
Q

Characteristics of Trust vs Mistrust

A

attachment to mothering figure
needs max comfort w/ min. uncertainty to trust self, others, and environment
Desired outcome=hope
Meet basic need–>trust

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26
Q

S/S of teething

A 
low grade fever
increased drooling
irritable 
chewing on everything 
disturbed sleep
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27
Q

number of teeth=

A

age of child in mo - 6

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28
Q

Tx for Teething

A

Cold=soothing –>frozen teething rings, frozen washcloth
Non-Rx topical anesthetic (baby ora-jel)
Tylenol/ Ibuprofen

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29
Q

Begin Flouride at

A

6 mo of age

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30
Q

Dental Care

A

begins as soon as 1* teeth erupts w/ soft wash cloth over gums & teeth; progress to toothbrush

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31
Q

Goal of Dental Care

A

Promote healthy tooth formation and prevent decay

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32
Q

Teething discomfort is common when

A

the crown of the tooth breaks thru the periodontal membrane

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33
Q

Thumb Sucking & Pacifier

A

1* Pleasure
Strong Normal Need
Peaks @ 18-20 mo

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34
Q

The first teeth erupt

A

lower central incisors
~6 mo
followed by upper central incisors

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35
Q

Major problem of Pacifier

A

Cleanliness
Not well made–> come apart–> aspirate
Do NOT allow to wear on string around neck

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36
Q

Solid Foods

A

After 4-6 mo

R/t immaturity of GI

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37
Q

Extrusion Reflex

A

Causes food to be pushed out of mouth

  • put food on back of tongue
  • Fades after 3-6 mo
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38
Q

Introduce New Foods

A

1 at a Time (for entire week)
Sm amts (1-2tsp) at a time
Low salt, sugar, and additives
Use a +Attitude

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39
Q

DO NOT put food in bottles with Formula

A

May Aspirate

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40
Q

NB stomach holds

A

~2Tbsp (30mL)

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41
Q

1 yo stomach holds

A

~2 cups (240mL)

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42
Q

First Solid Food to Introduce to NB

A

Iron fortified infant cereal

5-6 mo

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43
Q

Introduce Vegetables at

A

7 mo

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44
Q

Introduce Fruits at

A

8 mo

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45
Q

Introduce Meats at

A

9 mo

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46
Q

Introduce Egg Yolks at

A

10 mo

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47
Q

Table food may be introduced by

A

1 yr

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48
Q

Reflexive Period

A

Birth to 1 mo - Sucking
Asc. btwn an action and sequential response
Ex: Hunger–>nipple in mouth–>sucking–>satisfaction

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49
Q

Primary Circular Reaction

A

1 - 4 mo - Replace reflex w/ voluntary acts

Asc Nipple with Mothers Voice

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50
Q

Hand-eye coordination

Sounds (Cooing) start

A

Primary Circular Reaction

1-4 mo

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51
Q

Grasp Object w/in sight

Out of sight, out of mind

A

Primary Circular Reaction

1-4mo

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52
Q

Secondary Circular Reactions

A

4-8 mo

Begin object permanence

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53
Q

Mastery volunteer actions (shake rattle to hear noise)

A

Secondary Circular Reactions

4-8 mo

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54
Q

Coordination of 2ndary Circular Reactions

A

8-12 mo

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55
Q

Object permanence is demonstrated (actively seeks obj)

A

Secondary Circular Reaction

8-12 mo

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56
Q

Stop alcohol how many months prior to conception

A

3 mo

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57
Q

Abstinence scoring system

A

objectively w/d symptoms

Initiate w/in 2h of birth, then q4h

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58
Q

Toddler (age)

A

12-36mo

“Terrible & Loveable Twos”

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59
Q

Average Wt Gain for Toddlers

A

4-6lb per yr

Birth wt quadrupled

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60
Q

Ave Wt @ 2 yrs

A

27lb

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61
Q

Average Ht Increase for Toddlers

A

3 inches per year

62
Q

Walks w/o help

A

15 mo

usually since 13 mo

63
Q

Creeps up stairs
Knees w/o support
Can’t walk around corners/ stop suddenly w/o loosing bal
Can’t throw ball w/o falling

A

15 mo

Gross Motor

64
Q

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

A

Psychosocial Development of a toddler (12-36mo)

65
Q

Has Vocabulary of about 300 words

A

24 mo
Talks incessantly
2-3 word sentences

66
Q

Gives first and last name

A

30 mo

67
Q

Stage of Parallel Play

-Pulls people to show them something

A

24 mo

68
Q

Dresses self in simple clothing

No regard to Rt or L, Front to Back

A

24 mo

69
Q

Voluntary control of rectal and urethral sphincters

A

18-24 mo

70
Q

Highest incidence of poisoning

A

Highest incidence occurs in 2yo

d/t improper storage

71
Q

Average wt @ 3 yo

A

32 lbs

72
Q

Average wt @ 4 yo

A

37 lbs

73
Q

Average wt @ 5 yo

A

41 lbs

74
Q

Average wt gain from 3-5 yo

A

5lbs per year

75
Q

Ht Changes 3-5 yo

A

2.5-3 in/ yr
legs elongated rather than trunk
growth slows & stabilizes

76
Q

Average ht @ 3 yo

A

37 in

77
Q

Ave ht @ 4 yo

A

40 in

78
Q

Ave ht @ 5

A

43 in

79
Q

Initiative vs Guilt

Psychosocial Development Age

A

3-6 yo

80
Q

Animism

A

Belief that obj. have some kind of consciousness…. i.e. “The car is tired”
Common in 2-7 yo

81
Q

Language Development 3 yo

A 
900 words 
telegraphic speech (3-4 word sent)
Talks incessantly (rather paying attention or not) 
Repeats sent of 6 syllables
Many questions
82
Q 
1500+ word vocal
Tells exaggerated stories
Knows simple songs
1+ colors 
Comprehends analogies 
Questioning Peaks
A

4 yo

83
Q

Skips and hops on 1 foot

A

4 yo

84
Q

Catches ball reliably

A

4 yo

85
Q

Throws ball overhand

A

4 yo

86
Q

Walks downstairs using alternate footing

A

4 yo

87
Q

Skips and hops on ALT feet

A

5 yo

88
Q

Throws & catches well

A

5 yo

89
Q

Jumps Rope

A

5 yo

90
Q

Walks backward w/ heel to toe

A

5 yo

91
Q

Jumps from height of 12 inches and lands on toes

A

5 yo

92
Q

3 yo girl w/ imaginary friend named Emma

A

Normal - Encourage

93
Q

4 yo uses curse words at the dinner table….

A

We don’t use those words

There are better words you could use..

94
Q

Balances on alt. feet w/ eyes closed

A

5 yo

95
Q

Rides tricycle

A

3 yo

96
Q

Jumps off bottom step

A

3 yo

97
Q

Stands on 1 foot for a few secs

A

3 yo

98
Q

Up stairs alternating feet

May come down using both feet on one step

A

3 yo

99
Q

Broad jumps

A

3 yo

100
Q

Tries to dance, but balance not adequate

A

3 yo

101
Q

Goal of Initiative vs Guilt

A

to develop a sense of purpose & ability to initiate & direct own activities

102
Q

Characteristics of Preoperational Stage

A

Egocentrism
Animism
Centration

103
Q

Tends to be a perfectionist (age)

A

7 yo

104
Q

Repeats performances to master

A

7 yo

105
Q

Movement fluid/ graceful
Likely to overdo
Hard to quiet down after recess

A

8-9 yo

106
Q

Makes common use of tools such as hammer, saw, screwdriver, sewing implements

A

8-9 yo

107
Q

May steal

A

7 yo

108
Q

Industry vs Inferiority Success

A

–> virtue of competence
completion of projects
Pride and achievement
Unsuccessful –> unworthy/ inadequate

109
Q

Infant Psychosocial Development

A

Birth-12mo (18 mo)

Trust vs Mistrust

110
Q

Infant Cognitive Piaget (0-24mo)

A

Sensory Motor Stage

111
Q

Reflexive Period

A

Birth-1 mo

Sucking- asc. btwn an act & sequential response

112
Q

Primary Circular Reactions

A

1-4 mo
Reflex becomes voluntary acts
Asc. nipple w/ mothers voice

113
Q

Grasp objects within sight

A

Primary Circular Reactions

1-4 mo

114
Q

Sounds (cooing) starts

A

Primary Circular Reaction

1-4 mo

115
Q

Secondary Circular Reactions

A

4-8 mo
Mastery vol. actions
Learns from intentional behavior
Begin object permanence

116
Q

Begin object permanence

A

4-8 mo

117
Q

Can turn head from side to side when prone
Lifts head momentarily from bed
Marked head lag

A

Gross Motor Development

1 mo

118
Q

Rolls from back to side

A

4 mo gross motor

119
Q

When held in standing position, able to bear slight fraction of wt on legs

A

3 mo gross motor

120
Q

Can turn over from and to back

A

5 mo gross motor

121
Q

Rolls from back to abd

A

6 mo gross motor

122
Q

Sits, leaning forward on both hands

A

7 mo gross motor

123
Q

Sits steadily unsupported

A

8 mo gross motor

124
Q

Pulls self to standing position & stands holding onto furniture

A

10 mo gross motor

125
Q

Walks w/ 1 hand held

May attempt to stand alone/ first steps

A

12 mo gross motor

126
Q

Hands Predominately Closed

Grasp Reflex Strong

A

1 mo

Fine Motor

127
Q

3 mo fine motor

A

Actively holds rattle, but will not reach for it

Grasp reflex absent

128
Q

Grasp objects voluntarily
Plays w/toes
Takes objects directly to mouth

A

5 mo fine motor

129
Q

Pulls feet to mouth

A

6+ mo fine motor

130
Q

Holds Bottle

A

6 mo fine motor

131
Q

Preference for dominent hand evident

A

9 mo

132
Q

Pick up game: drops item deliberately to be picked up

A

11 mo

133
Q

Manages spoon w/out rotation

A

18 months

134
Q

Up & Down the stairs alone w/ 2 feet on ea. step

A

24 months

135
Q

Manages spoon w/out rotation

A

18 months

136
Q

Chest circumference exceeds the abd measurement;

Legs appear slightly bowed & walks with wide base gait

A

Toddler

137
Q

2X ht of a 2 yo

A

adult ht

138
Q

Picks up objects w/o falling

A

18 mo gross motor

139
Q

Manages spoon w/o rotation

A

18 mo fine motor

140
Q

Uses cup well, but rotates spoon

A

15 mo fine motor

141
Q

In drawing, imitates vertical & circular strokes

A

24 mo fine motor

142
Q

Holds crayon with fingers rather than fist

A

30 mo fine motor

143
Q

Preconventional Morality Level- Stage 1

A

Punishment & Obedience Orientation
Conformity to rules based on fear of punishment rather than authority– More severe the punishment, the more “bad” the act.

144
Q

Conform to rules based on fear of punishment

More severe the punishment, the more bad the act.

A

Toddlers

145
Q

Tertiary Circular Reactions

A

12-18 mo
Interest in novelty & repetition
Understands causality
Inquisitive and curious

146
Q

Continually hitting toy hammer on a variety of surfaces/ objects represents which level of cognitive development

A

Tertiary Circular Reactions

12-18mo

147
Q

“If I throw my toy out of the crib, I cannot reach it”represents which level of cognitive development

A

Tertiary Circular Reactions
12-18mo
Understands Causality

148
Q

Differentiate self from others

A

Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 mo)

149
Q

Think before acting
Egocentric
Imitations become more symbolic

A

Metal Combinations
Cognitive Development
18-24 mo

150
Q

Measles, mumps, rubella - MMR

A

2 doses: 12-15 mo & 4-6yrs

151
Q

Polio- IVP vaccine

A

2,4 6-18 mo

Booster 4-6 yrs

152
Q

Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine

A

1 dose: 12-18 mo

N201 (21 decks)

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