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PNLE > PEDIA > Flashcards

PEDIA Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to the PHYSICAL change and QUANTITATIVE increase in size of the whole body or any of its parts

A

GROWTH

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2
Q

When is growth MOST RAPID?

A

INFANCY

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3
Q

When does a GROWTH SPURT occur?

A

DURING ADOLESCENCE

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4
Q

Refers to changes that mark an increase in function, complexity and PROGRESSION OF SKILL; It is QUALITATIVE

A

DEVELOPMENT

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5
Q

Involves intrinsic processes of development that are genetically and organically PROGRAMMED

A

MATURATION

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6
Q

Psychosexual Stage:

Child learns sexual identity through awareness of GENITAL AREA

A

PRESCHOOL - PHALLIC STAGE

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7
Q

Psychosexual Stage:

Child learns to control URINATION and DEFECATION

A

TODDLER - ANAL STAGE

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8
Q

Psychosexual Stage:

Develops SEXUAL MATURITY and learns to establish satisfactory relationships with the opposite sex

A

ADOLESCENT - GENITAL AGE

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9
Q

Psychosexual Stage:

Child explores the world using MOUTH

A

INFANTS - ORAL STAGE

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10
Q

Psychosexual Stage:

Childs PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT appears to be non-active or dormant

A

SCHOOL AGE - LATENT STAGE

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11
Q

What should you do for an infant during the ORAL STAGE?

A

MEET ORAL NEEDS

  1. Provide safe and washable toys such as a PACIFIER
  2. FEED ON DEMAND
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12
Q

When oral feeding is CONTRAINDICATED in an infant, what should you do?

A

PROVIDE PACIFIER!

R: Feeding is contraindicated but SUCKING is not

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13
Q

Type of Fear and Play:

Infancy

A

STRANGER ANXIETY

SOLITARY PLAY

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14
Q

Type of Fear and Play:

Toddler

A

SEPARATION ANXIETY

PARALLEL PLAY

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15
Q

Type of Fear and Play:

Preschool Period

A

MUTILATION AND CASTRATION

ASSOCIATIVE AND IMMITATION

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16
Q

Type of Fear and Play:

School Age Period

A

DISPLACEMENT FROM SCHOOL

COOPERATIVE PLAY

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17
Q

Type of Fear and Play:

Adolescence

A

DISPLACEMENT FROM PEERS

ATHLETIC AND SPORTS

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18
Q

What stage of Growth and Development wherein NEGATIVISM is most prominent?

A

TODDLER

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19
Q

What should you do to for a NEGATIVISTIC child?

A

OFFER CHOICES; AVOID USING CLOSE-ENDED QUESTIONS

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20
Q

Emotional attachment of a preschool boy to mother

A

OEDIPUS COMPLEX

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21
Q

Emotional attachment of a preschool girl to father

A

ELECTRA COMPLEX

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22
Q

Preschool Period:

Children look at an object and see only ONE characteristic

(Ex. Banana is yellow but they do not notice it is also long)

A

CENTERING

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23
Q

Preschool Period:

Perceive animals and inanimate objects of having THOUGHTS and FEELINGS

A

MAGICAL THINKING

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24
Q

Preschool Period:

Perceiving that one’s thoughts and feelings are BETTER or MORE IMPORTANT

A

EGOCENTRISM

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25
Q

When does the Anterior Fontanelle close?

A

12-18 MONTHS

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26
Q

What is the SHAPE of the Anterior Fontanelle?

A

DIAMOND

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27
Q

When does the Posterior Fontanelle close?

A

2-3 MONTHS

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28
Q

What is the SHAPE of the Posterior Fontanelle?

A

TRIANGLE

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29
Q

Undescended Testes

A

CRYPTORCHIDISM

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30
Q

During the FIRST STAGE of Labor what is recommended for the mother to do in order to REDUCE LENGTH OF LABOR?

A

WALKING AND KEEPING UPRIGHT POSITION

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31
Q

Recommended position during pushing in Labor

A

SEMI UPRIGHT POSITION

R: Enhances descent of the fetal head because of the additional effect of gravity

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32
Q

Should you BATHE the baby immediately after delivery?

A

NO! ONLY DRY

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33
Q

When drying the baby, do you REMOVE the vernix caesosa?

A

NO BECAUSE THIS PROVIDES NATURAL PROTECTIVE COVER FOR THE NEWBORN

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34
Q

How do you clean the Umbilicus of a newborn?

A

CLEANSING WITH COOLED BOILED WATER and LEAVING UMBILICUS UNCOVERED

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35
Q

Where do you place the IDENTIFICATION BAND of a newborn?

A

ANKLE

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36
Q

How long should Unang Yakap last?

A

90 MINUTES

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37
Q

Congenital defect wherein there is an INCOMPLETE CLOSURE of the SPINAL COLUMN due to one or two missing vertebral arches; SAC-LIKE structure or dimpling

A

SPINAL BIFIDA

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38
Q

What causes Spinal Bifida?

A

DEFICIENCY IN FOLIC ADIN OF THE MOTHER DURING PREGNANCY

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39
Q

MOST SEVERE FORM of Spina Bifida

A

MENINGOMYELOCELE

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40
Q

Excess of CSF in the ventricles of the SUBARACHNOID SPACE

A

HYDROCEPHALUS

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41
Q

What are the possible CAUSES of excess CSF?

A
  1. OVERPRODUCTION OF FLUID BY CHOROIDS
  2. OBSTRUCTION OF PASSAGE OF FLUID
  3. INTERFERENCE WITH THE ABSROPTION
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42
Q

Symptom of Hydrocephalus:

Brow bulges

A

BOSSING SIGN

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43
Q

Symptom of Hydrocephalus:

Bones of the head are widely separated that produces a CRACKED POT SOUND upon percussion

A

MACAWEN’S SIGN

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44
Q

SURGICAL TREATMENT for Hydrocephalus

A

SURGICAL SHUNTING

  1. Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
  2. Atrioventricular Shunt
  3. Ventriculoreteral Shunt
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45
Q

POSTOPERATIVE POSITION after Surgical Shunting for Hydrocephalus

A

POSITION CHILD ON THE UNOPERATED SIDE

R: To prevent pressure on the shunt valve

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46
Q

If there is INCREASED ICP post op from Surgical Shunting of Hydrocephalus, what should you do?

A

ELEVATE HEAD OF BED TO 15 TO 30 DEGREES

R: To enhance gravity flow through the shunt

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47
Q

DRUG OF CHOICE for Bacterial Meningitis or Encephalitis

A

PENICILLIN G

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48
Q

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE for Bacterial meningitis and Encephalitis

A

LUMBAR PUNCTURE

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49
Q

FIRST NURSING INTERVENTION upon admission of an infant with BACTERIAL MENINGITIS and ENCEPHALITIS

A

ISOLATE INFANT

50
Q

A neuromuscular disorder characterized by LACK OF CONTROL of voluntary muscles, abnormal muscle tine and incoordination

A

CEREBRAL PALSY

51
Q

MOST COMMON type of Cerebral Palsy

52
Q

Type of GAIT found in Spastic Cerebral palsy wherein one foot CROSSES in front of the other foot

A

SCISSOR-LIKE GAIT

53
Q

Down Syndrome is also known as

A

TRISOMY 21

54
Q

You are taking care of a child with a WIDE GAP BETWEEN EYES, FLAT NOSE, LARGE TONGUE and a SIMIAN CREASE. What is his condition?

A

DOWN SYNDROME

55
Q

What are the determining characteristics of Down Syndrome?

A

LOW SET EARS

SIMIAN CREASE

56
Q

A congenital disorder wherein the BACK OF THE NASAL PASSAGE (Choana) is blocked; may bw unilateral or bilateral

A

CHOANAL ATRESIA

57
Q

Refers to ABSENCE or NARROWING of an opening or passage in the body

58
Q

DANGER SIGN of Choanal Atresia

A

CYANOSIS DURING FEEDING

59
Q

When is Cyanosis relieved in an infant with Choanal Atresia?

A

IT MAY IMPROVE WHEN THE BABY CRIES

60
Q

Management to TEMPORARILY improve dyspnea in an infant with Choanal Atresia

A

INSERTION OF AN ORAL AIRWAY INTO THE MOUTH

61
Q

SURGICAL CORRECTION of Choanal Atresia

A

PERFORATION OF ATRESIA AND INSERTION OF STENT

R: To keep airway patent

62
Q

When can a person be considered to have RECURRENT TONSILLITIS?

A

TONSILLITIS 4 TIMES IN A YEAR

63
Q

When is Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy CONTRAINDICATED in Children?

A

IF THEY ARE YNDER 5-6 YEARS OLD UNLESS CONDITION IS LIFE THREATENING

64
Q

Can a child with an ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION have surgical Tonsillectomy or Adenoidectomy?

65
Q

Post op position of a child who underwent Tonsillectomy

A

PRONE OR SIDE-LYING

R: to facilitate drainage

66
Q

What should you watch out for in a child post tonsillectomy that indicates HEMORRHAGE?

A

FREQUENT SWALLOWING

67
Q

What should you do if HEMORRHAGE occurs in a pt post operatively?

A

TURN CHILD TO SIDE AND NITIFY PHYSICIAN

68
Q

What should you instruct the child NOT to do post tonsillectomy?

A

COUGHING AND CLEARING THROAT

69
Q

What food should you AVOID post tonsillectomy?

A

MILK AND RED FLUIDS

R: Milk will coat the throat and red fluids may simulate the appearance of blood if the child vomits

70
Q

Inflammation of the Epiglottis

A

EPIGLOTTITIS

71
Q

Is Epiglottis an emergency condition?

72
Q

In what POSITION can you usually see a child with Epiglottis during assessment?

A

TRIPOD POSITIONING

73
Q

What is the FIRST NURSING INTERVENTION you should do for a child with Asthma?

A

BRONCHODILATORS

74
Q

What type of breathing can you observe from a child with Asthma?

A

WHEEZING DURING EXPIRATION

75
Q

Management for Asthma

A-S-T-H-M-A

A 
A - DRENERGICS/Bronchodilator (Albuterol)
S - TEROIDS
T - HEOPHYLLINE
H - YDRATION
M - ASK O2
A - NTICHOLINERGICS
76
Q

SEVERE FORM of Asthma that is considered a medical emergency

A

STATUS ASTHMATICUS

77
Q

A condition in which segment of the intestine “TELESCOPES”inside of another, causing an intestinal obstruction

A

INTUSUSSCEPTION

78
Q

Diagnostic test for Intusussception

A

BARIUM ENEMA

79
Q

What is the POSITION of the pt during Barium Enema?

A

LEFT SIMS POSITION

80
Q

What do you instruct the child’s parent about the expected side effect that may be experienced after a Barium Enema?

A

WHITE CHALKY STOOLS

81
Q

What type of STOOL is found in a child with Intussusception?

A

RED CURRANT JELLY-LIKE STOOL (mucus + blood)

82
Q

CLASSIC SIGNS of Intussusception

A

SAUSAGE-SHAPED MASS

RED CURRANT JELLY-LIKE STOOL

83
Q

BEST EQUIPMENT to aid in Feeding of child with CLEFT LIP

A

BRECK FEEDER

84
Q

Surgery for CLEFT LIP

A

CHEILOPLASTY

85
Q

BEST POSITION Post Cheiloplasty

S-S-S

A

S - UPINE
S - EMI FOWLER’S
S - IDE LYING (unaffected side)

86
Q

BEST EQUIPMENT to aid in Feeding of child with CLEFT PALATE

87
Q

Surgery for CLEFT PALATE

A

PALATOPLASTY/URANOPLASTY

88
Q

BEST POSITION after Palatoplasty

A

PRONE

R: To drain secretions

89
Q

Best surgical repair time for CLEFT PALATE

A

15-18 MONTHS OLD (before speech development)

90
Q

Narrowing of the pyloric canal between the stomach and duodenum due to HYPERTROPHY

A

PYLORIC STENOSIS

91
Q

MAIN SYMPTOMS of Pyloric Stenosis

A
  1. PROJECTILE VOMITING

2. OLIVE-SHAPED MASS

92
Q

MAJOR COMPLICATION of Pyloric Stenosis

A

DEHYDRATION!

R: Fluid is unable to pass easily thru the stenosed and hypertrophied valve

93
Q

SURGICAL Management for Pyloric Stenosis

A

PYLOROTOMY

94
Q

What should you do to PREVENT further electrolyte depletion?

A

ORAL FEEDINGS SHOULD BE WITHELD

95
Q

What should you do for an infant with Pyloric Stenosis who is ONLY receiving IV fluid?

A

LET HIM SUCK ON A PACIFIER

R: To meet non nutritive sucking needs

96
Q

Inability to TOLERATE lactose as a result of an absence or deficiency of lactase

A

LACTOSE INTOLERANCE

97
Q

What can be used as a SUBSTITUTE for cow’s milk formula and human milk for children with Lactose Intolerance?

A

SOY-BASED FORMULAS

98
Q

Intolerance to GLUTEN

A

CELIAC DISEASE

99
Q

What food are CONTRAINDICATED for children with Celiac Disease?

B-R-O-W

A

B - ARLEY
R - YE
O - ATS
W - HEAT

100
Q

Symptom of Celiac Disease:

Abnormal quantities of FAT in the feces due to reduced absorption of fat by the intestine

A

STEATORRHEA

101
Q

Severe form of Celiac Disease wherein there is ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE, RAPID DEHYDRATION, and SEVERE ACIDOSIS. It can cause PROFUSE watery diarrhea and vomiting

A

CELIAC CRISIS

102
Q

What can you find in an X-ray of a child with DUODENAL ATRESIA?

A

DOUBLE BUBBLE SIGN

103
Q

A condition that results from the ABSENCE OF GANGLION CELLS in the rectum and other areas of the affected intestine

A

HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE/MEGACOLON

104
Q

CLASSIC SIGN of Hirschsprung’s Disease

A

RIBBON-LIKE STOOLS

105
Q

Scent of the BREATH of a child with HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE

A

FECAL ODOR OF BREATH

106
Q

Diagnostic Tests for Hirschsprung’s Disease

A

ABDOMINAL X-RAY

BARIUM ENEMA

107
Q

SURGICAL TREATMENT for Hirschsprung’s Disease

A

BOWEL RESECTION or ABDOMINO-PERINEAL PULL THROUGH

108
Q

Until when should a patient remain on NPO after receiving Abdominal Surgery?

A

UNTIL BOWEL SOUNDS RETURN OR FLATUS HAS PASSED

109
Q

What is the FIRST INDICATION of Imperforated Anus in a newborn?

A

FAILURE TO PASS MECONIUM STOOL

110
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot is also known as

111
Q

MAIN PROBLEM in Tetralogy of Fallot

A

CHRONIC HYPOXIA

112
Q

Symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot:

H-A-P

A

H - YPERCYANOTIC TET SPELLS (during crying, feeding)

A - CLUBBING OF FINGERS
P - OLYCYTHEMIA VERA

113
Q

DURING TET SPELLS: Recommended positioning of a child with Tetralogy of Fallot who CANNOT WALK

A

KNEE CHEST

114
Q

DURING TET SPELLS: Recommended positioning of a child with Tetralogy of Fallot who CAN WALK

A

SQUATTING POSITION

R: traps deoxygenated blood at legs

115
Q

SURGERY OF CHOICE for Tetralogy of Fallot

A

BLALOCK TAUSSIG SHUNT - creation of ductus arteriosus

116
Q

HALLMARK SIGN of Kawasaki Disease

A

STRAWBERY TONGUE

117
Q

Kawasaki Disease:

Always remember WARM CREAM

A

WARM fever

C - ONJUNCTIVITIS
R - ASHES
palmar E - RYTHEMA
cervical A - DENOPATHY
MUCOUS MEMBRANE (strawberry tongue)
118
Q

A BULGING fontanelle in a child indicates

A

INCREASED ICP

119
Q

A SUNKEN fontanelle in a child indicates

A

DEHYDRATION

120
Q

Edema on scalp due to PROLONGED LABOR

A

CAPUT SUCCEDANEUM

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