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PNLE > COMMUNICABLE DISEASES > Flashcards

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Flashcards

1
Q

What is the FORCE OF INFECTION?

A

EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIANGLE

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2
Q

What are the COMPONENTS of the Epidemiologic Triangle?

A
  • HOST
  • AGENT
  • ENVIRONMENT
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3
Q

Any organism that HARBORS and PROVIDES NOURISHMENT for another organism

A

HOST

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4
Q

Intrinsic property of microorganism to SURVIVE and MULTIPLY to produce disease

A

AGENT

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5
Q

The sum total of all EXTERNAL CONDITIONS and INFLUENCES that affect the development of an organism

A

ENVIRONMENT

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6
Q

NATURAL IMMUNITY:

Acquired thru PLACENTAL TRANSFER

A

NATURAL PASSIVE

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7
Q

NATURAL IMMUNITY:

Acquired thru RECOVERY from a certain disease

A

NATURAL ACTIVE

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8
Q

ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY:

Acquired thru the administration of ANTITOXIN, ANTISERUM, CONVALESCENT SERUM, GAMMA GLOBULINS

A

ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE

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9
Q

ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY:

Acquired thru administration of VACCINES and TOXOID

A

ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE

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10
Q

STAGES OF THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS

I-P-A-C

A

I - NCUBATION
P - RODROMAL
A - CME
C - ONVALESCENT

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11
Q

STAGE OF THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS:

Non-specific symptoms turns to SPECIFIC signs and symptoms

A

PRODROMAL

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12
Q

STAGE OF THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS:

ENTRY of the microorganism until the ONSET of symptoms

A

INCUBATION

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13
Q

STAGE OF THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS:

Symptoms start to ABATE and pt RETURNS to NORMAL state of health

A

CONVALESCENT

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14
Q

STAGE OF THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS:

DEFINITIVE signs and symptoms develop and become more evident

A

ACME

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15
Q

Microorganism that CAUSES INFECTION such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc

A

PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISM/

CAUSATIVE AGENT

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16
Q

ABILITY of organism to CAUSE disease

A

PATHOGENICITY

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17
Q

Disease SEVERITY and INVASIVENESS

A

VIRULENCE

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18
Q

NUMBER OF ORGANISMS needed to initiate infection

A

INFECTIVE DOSE

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19
Q

Antigenic Variation

A

ORGANISM SPECIFICITY

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20
Q

Ability to SURVIVE OUTSIDE the host

A

VIABILITY

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21
Q

Ability to PENETRATE the cell

A

INVASIVENESS

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22
Q

Place where microorganisms LIVE such as in humans and animals, soil, food, plants, air or water

A

RESERVOIR

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23
Q

The path by which the a pathogen LEAVES its host

A

PORTAL OF EXIT

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24
Q

MODES OF TRANSMISSION:

Maternal and fetal transmission

A

VERTICAL

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25
Q

MODES OF TRANSMISSION:

Can either be DIRECT, INDIRECT, or thru BREAK IN SKIN INTEGRITY

A

HORIZONTAL

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26
Q

MODES OF TRANSMISSION:

Occurs thru SKIN-TO-SKIN contact, kissing and sexual intercourse

A

DIRECT CONTACT

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27
Q

MODES OF TRANSMISSION:

Spraying with relatively large AEROSOLS produced by COUGHING, SNEEZING, or even TALKING

A

DROPLET SPREAD

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28
Q

MODES OF TRANSMISSION:

Occurs when infectious agents are carried by dust or droplet nuclei SUSPENDED IN THE AIR

A

AIRBORNE

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29
Q

MODES OF TRANSMISSION:

Transmitted thru FOOD, WATER, BIOLOGIC PRODUCTS (blood), and FOMITES

A

VEHICLE-BORNE

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30
Q

MODES OF TRANSMISSION:

From MOSQUITOS, FLEAS, and TICKS

A

VECTOR-BORNE

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31
Q

The FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE against infection

A

INTACT SKIN

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32
Q

WEAKEST LINK in the chain of infection

A

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

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33
Q

How the organism ENTERS the host

A

PORTAL OF ENTRY

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34
Q

FINAL LINK in the chain of infection

A

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

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35
Q

Guidelines to PREVENT TRANSMISSION of microorganisms in the hospital

A

ISOLATION PRECAUTION

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36
Q

Infection acquired DURING stay in the hospital

A

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

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37
Q

PRIMARY STRATEGY to prevent nosocomial infections and is a precaution designed for ALL PATIENTS

A

STANDARD PRECAUTION

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38
Q

Precaution designed for pts with KNOWN or SUSPECTED infectious disease spread thru airborne, droplet, or contact

A

TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTION

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39
Q

Single MOST IMPORTANT intervention BEFORE and AFTER pt contact

A

HAND HYGIENE

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40
Q

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE):

Used for TOUCHING blood, body fluids, secretions, and contaminated items

A

GLOVES

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41
Q

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE):

Used during procedures when CONTACT of CLOTHING/EXPOSED SKIN with blood or body fluids is anticipated

A

GOWN

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42
Q

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE):

Used during procedures likely to generate SPLASHES or SPRAY of blood and other body fluids

A

MASK, EYE PROTECTION, FACE SHIELD

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43
Q

How often should you change gloves?

A

IN BETWEEN CLIENTS

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44
Q

What do you do BEFORE doning new gloves?

A

HAND WASHING

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45
Q

After dealing with needles, can you RECAP?

A

NO

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46
Q

If recapping is REQUIRED, what technique should you use?

A

ONE-HANDED SCOOP TECHNIQUE

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47
Q

PRECAUTION:

Applied when handling BLOOD and BODY FLUIDS

(Applied to pts with HIV)

A

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION

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48
Q

ISOLATION OR QUARANTINE:

Applies to those who have been EXPOSED to a disease but may or may not be ill

A

QUARANTINE

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49
Q

ISOLATION OR QUARANTINE:

Applies to persons who are KNOWN to be ill with a contagious disease

A

ISOLATION

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50
Q

It is a specific acute, viral infection transmitted to man by SALIVA of an INFECTED ANIMAL

A

RABIES

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51
Q

What are the other terms for RABIES?

A

LYSSA (Bacante hehe)

HYDROPHOBIA (Rabies = fear of water)

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52
Q

Etiologic Agent of Rabies

A

RHABDOVIRUS

rhab(IES)dovirus

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53
Q

MOST DEFINITIVE diagnostic test for Rabies

A

FLUORESCENT RABIES ANTIBODY (FRA)

Ang definitive test (FRA) sa Rabies

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54
Q

What can you find in the dog’s brain to confirm Rabies?

A

NEGRI BODIES

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55
Q

After being bitten by an animal suspected of Rabies, what should you IMMEDIATELY do?

A

WASH WOUND WITH SOAP AND WATER THOROUGHLY

If there is bleeding, COVER the wound

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56
Q

Can you suture the wound from the bite a suspected animal with Rabies?

A

NEVER SUTURE!

R: This will spread the virus

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57
Q

TREATMENT FOR RABIES:

For non immunized individuals

A
  1. WOUND CLEANSING
  2. RABIES IMMUNOGLOBULIN (RIG)
  3. RABIES VACCINE
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58
Q

When to administer the Rabies Vaccine

A

DAY OF BITE, 3RD DAY, 7TH DAY, 14TH DAY

0-3-7-14

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59
Q

TREATMENT FOR RABIES:

For previously immunized individuals

A
  1. WOUND CLEANSING

2. RABIES VACCINE

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60
Q

What should you do to make a pt with Rabies comfortable?

A
  1. ISOLATE PATIENT
  2. DARKEN ROOM
  3. DO NOT BATHE AND NO RUNNING WATER IN THE ROOM (Hydrophobia)
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61
Q

An acute illness caused by toxin of the TETANUS BACILLUS

A

TETANUS

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62
Q

Etiologic Agent of Tetanus:

A

CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI

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63
Q

SYMPTOM OF TETANUS:

Arched back rigidity

A

OPISTHOTONOS

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64
Q

SYMPTOM OF TETANUS:

Board-like abdomen

A

PERITONITIS

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65
Q

SYMPTOM OF TETANUS:

Painful spasms of the masticatory muscles producing a sneering grin expression

A

LOCKJAW TRISMUS

RISUS SARDONICUS

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66
Q

Intermittent TONIC seizures that may last several minutes may occur because of tetanus. What should you PRIORITIZE when this happens?

A

AIRWAY

R: Cyanosis and sudden death by asphyxiation may occur during prolonged tonic seizures

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67
Q

What happens to the Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure of a pt with Tetanus?

A

CSF PRESSURE INCREASES

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68
Q

What is the FIRST LINE DRUG to give to a pt with Tetanus?

A

METRONIDAZOLE

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69
Q

What should you PRIORITIZE in a pt with Tetanus?

A

AIRWAY!

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70
Q

What is the other term for Tetanus?

A

LOCK JAW

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71
Q

What intervention should you implement to prevent the patient from having a seizure?

A

PROVIDE A NON STIMULATING ENVIRONMENT

Dimly lit room, warn visitors not to upset or overstimulate the pt

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72
Q

What can you do as a nurse to help PREVENT the occurrence of Tetanus in the community?

A

STRESS THE IMPORTANCE OF MAINTAINING ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION

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73
Q

A crippling and potentially deadly disease that can invade an infected person’s brain and spinal cord, causing PARALYSIS

A

POLIOMYELITIS

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74
Q

What is the other term for POLIO?

A

INFANTILE PARALYSIS

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75
Q

Mode of Transmission of Polio:

A

po(RAL-FECAL)liomyelitis

DIRECT CONTACT WITH ORAL SECRETIONS AND FECES

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76
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Polio:

HEAD FALLS BACK when supine and shoulders are elevated

A

HOYNE SIGN

H(oyne)EAD FALLS BACK

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77
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Polio:

Severe stiffness of the HAMSTRINGS and INABILITY TO STRAIGHTEN LEG when hip is flexed to 90 degrees

A

KERNIG’S SIGN

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78
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Polio:

Severe NECK STIFFNESS causes the pt’s hips and legs to flex when the neck is FLEXED

A

BRUDZINSKI’S SIGN

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79
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Polio:

Arms extended BEHIND for support when sitting up

A

TRIPOD

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80
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Polio:

Double vision

A

DIPLOPIA

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81
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Polio:

Difficulty with VERBAL COMMUNICATION

A

DYSPHASIA

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82
Q

Can analgesics be given to a patient with Polio?

A

YES BUT NEVER MORPHINE

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83
Q

What NON-PHARMACOLOGIC intervention can you do to help a pt with Polio RELIEVE PAIN and PROMOTE RELAXATION OF MUSCLES?

A

MOIST HEAT APPLICATION

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84
Q

Most people infected with polio will have INITIAL SYMPTOMS such as:

A

FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS:

SORE THROAT
FEVER
TIREDNESS
NAUSEA
HEADACHE
STOMACH PAIN
VOMITING
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85
Q

What is the diagnosis of a pt who seemed to have recovered from polio as a child but develops new muscle pain, weakness, or paralysis AS AN ADULT?

A

POST-POLIO SYNDROME

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86
Q

How many SEROTYPES of polio are there?

A

THREE

POLIOVIRUS TYPE 1, 2, and 3

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87
Q

What can be expected in the CSF PRESSURE of a pt with Polio?

A

SLIGHTLY INCREASED

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88
Q

What NON-PHARMACOLOGIC interventions should you implement when you have a pt with Polio?

A
  1. Maintain PATENT AIRWAY (PRIORITY)
  2. Observe for PARALYSIS and NEUROLOGIC DAMAGE
  3. Frequent REPOSITIONING
  4. Inform pt about the need for CAREFUL HANDWASHING
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89
Q

PREVENTATIVE MEASURE for Polio?

A

ADMINISTRATION OF ORAL POLIO VACCINE

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90
Q

How often are BOOSTER DOSES for Polio given?

A

AT 10-YEAR INTERVALS FOR TRAVEL TO ENDEMIC AREAS

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91
Q

What must you PRIORITIZE in patients with Tetanus and Polio?

A

AIRWAY!!

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92
Q

An acute febrile infection of the tonsil, throat, nose, larynx or wound marked by patches of GRAYISH MEMBRANE

A

DIPTHERIA

GRAYISH MEMBRANE = DIPTHERIA

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93
Q

The MOST SEVERE and MORE FATAL type of Diptheria

A

LARYNGEAL DIPTHERIA

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94
Q

Symptoms of Diptheria:

Swelling of the soft tissues of the neck

A

BULL NECK FORMATION

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95
Q

Sypmtoms of Diptheria:

What happens to the voice of a pt with Diptheria?

A

Voice becomes HUSKY

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96
Q

Diagnostic Tests for Diptheria:

A
  1. NOSE AND THROAT SWAB
  2. SCHICK TEST
  3. VIRULENCE TEST
  4. MOLONEY TEST
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97
Q

How can you tell if the Schick test is POSITIVE?

A

INFLAMMATION or INDURATION AT POINT OF INJECTION

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98
Q

What is the ROUTE of the injection during Schick test?

A

INTRADERMAL

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99
Q

Diagnostic Tests for Diptheria:

It detects a HIGH DEGREE OF SENSITIVITY TO DIPTHERIA

A

MOLONEY TEST

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100
Q

DRUGS for Diptheria

A

d i p(ENICILLIN)
t h e(RYTHROMYCIN)
r i a(NTITOXIN)

PENICILLIN
ERYTHROMYCIN
ANTITOXIN

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101
Q

How long should a pt with Diptheria stay on ABSOLUTE BED REST?

A

AT LEAST 2 WEEKS

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102
Q

What is the recommended DIET for a pt with Diptheria?

A

SOFT FOOD DIET, SMALL FREQUENT FEEDINGS

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103
Q

What NON-PHARMACOLOGIC intervention can you do for Bull Neck Formation?

A

ICE COLLAR APPLIED TO THE NECK

R: this will reduce swelling

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104
Q

PREVENTATIVE MEASURES for Diptheria

A
  1. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION (3 DOSES)

2. PASTEURIZATION OF MILK

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105
Q

Pt has repeated attacks of spasmodic coughing, which consists of a series of EXPLOSIVE EXPIRATIONS that produce a CROWING SOUND (whoop) What is his Diagnosis?

A

PERTUSSIS

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106
Q

What is the OTHER TERM for Pertussis?

A

WHOOPING COUGH

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107
Q

The CROWING SOUND or WHOOP is usually followed by:

A

VOMITING

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108
Q

During a chest radiography, what can be seen in a pt with Pertussis?

A

INFILTRATES or EDEMA WITH ATELECTASIS

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109
Q

What are the TWO MAIN DRUGS for Pertussis?

A

ERYTHROMYCIN

AMPICILLIN

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110
Q

MOST DANGEROUS complication of Pertussis?

A

BRONCHOPNEUMONIA

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111
Q

How long should a person with Pertussis be ISOLATED?

A

4 TO 6 WEEKS

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112
Q

SUPPORTIVE THERAPY for Pertussis

A
  1. FLUID & ELECT REPLACEMENT bc of vomiting
  2. O2 THERAPY
  3. ADEQUATE NUTRITION
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113
Q

Inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose

A

CORYZA

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114
Q

Pt has a FEVER, SEVERE ACHES, SORE THROAT, CORYZA and COUGH. What is his diagnosis?

A

INFLUENZA

115
Q

What DRUGS can you give to cure Influenza?

A

NO DRUGS; SUPPORTIVE THERAPY ONLY (to relieve symptoms and make pt comfortable)

ex. increase OFI, fever mgt, proper disposal of tissues and constant hand washing, contact and droplet precaution, LIMIT strenuous activities

116
Q

An acute BACTERIAL disease usually affecting the SKIN, but very rarely involve the oropharynx, LRT, mediastinum or intestinal tract

A

ANTHRAX

117
Q

Where can the bacteria for Anthrax be found?

A

ANIMALS and SOIL

118
Q

What is the other term for Anthrax?

A

WOOL-SORTER’S DISEASE

“Wool” like a sheep’s wool
Sheep are animals and WOOL-sorter’s disease come from animals and soil

119
Q

What is the MOST COMMON type of Anthrax?

A

CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX

120
Q

What type of Anthrax is FATAL AFTER ONLY A FEW DAYS?

A

INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX - can result in death within a period of days

121
Q

What type of Anthrax is caused by the INGESTION OF CONTAMINATED UNDERCOOKED MEAT?

A

INTESTINAL ANTHRAX

122
Q

What is the MAIN DRUG given to treat Anthrax?

A

PENICILLIN

123
Q

What should you instruct to a pt with CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX?

A

DO NOT SCRATCH THE LESIONS

124
Q

What should a pt with Anthrax use to clean his hands:

ALCOHOL-BASED HAND SANITIZERS or SOAP AND WATER

A

SOAP AND WATER

R: Alcohol-based sanitizers DO NOT kill anthrax spores

125
Q

An infectious disease of the lungs that results in the CONSOLIDATION of one or more lobes of either one or both lungs

A

PNEUMONIA

126
Q

You receive a pt who is experiencing dyspnea, has a FEVER and a PRODUCTIVE COUGH with RUSTY SPUTUM, and CHEST INDRAWING. What is this pt’s expected diagnosis based on his symptoms?

A

PNEUMONIA

127
Q

What is the CONFIRMATORY test for the MICROORGANISM responsible for pneumonia?

A

SPUTUM ANALYSIS

128
Q

What is the CONFIRMATORY test to determine the LOCATION in the lungs that is affected by pneumonia?

A

CHEST X-RAY

129
Q

Upon percussion of the affected side of a pt with Pneumonia, what finding is expected?

A

A DULL PERCUSSION NOTE

130
Q

What NON-PHARMACOLOGIC nursing intervention should you PRIORITIZE for a pt with Pneumonia?

A

FREQUENT TURNING FROM SIDE TO SIDE

131
Q

A sub-acute or acute respiratory disease characterized by the formation of TUBERCLES in the tissues

A

TUBERCULOSIS

132
Q

What are the other terms for TB?

Remember “KAPAG TB”

A

KPG TB

K - och’s
P - hthisis
G - alloping Consumption Disease

133
Q

MOST COMMON etiologic agent of Tuberculosis

A

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

134
Q

Symptoms of TB:

How long should a cough last for it to be suspected to be TB?

A

TWO WEEKS OR MORE

135
Q

Symptoms of TB:

At what TIME OF DAY does a TB patient’s temperature typically rise?

A

DURING THE AFTERNOON

136
Q

Symptoms of TB:

COUGHING BLOOD

A

HEMOPTYSIS

137
Q

Symptoms of TB:

Excessive sweating during sleep

A

NIGHT SWEATS

138
Q

CONFIRMATORY TEST for Tuberculosis

A

ACID-FAST BACILLI (AFB)

139
Q

When should sputum specimen be taken for AFB?

A

EARLY MORNING

140
Q

Diagnostic test to determine the CLINICAL ACTIVITY of Tuberculosis (Active or Inactive)

A

CHEST XRAY

141
Q

To determine the history of EXPOSURE to Tuberculosis

A

MANTOUX TEST/PURIFIED PROTEIN DERIVATIVE (PPD)

142
Q

When is the result interpreted for PPD?

A

48-72 HOURS

143
Q

What is the (+) PPD result for HIV POSITIVE clients?

A

5mm INDURATION

144
Q

What is the (+) PPD result for the GENERAL population?

A

15mm INDURATION OR MORE

145
Q

TB DRUGS:

Causes BODY FLUID DISCOLORATION (Red-Orange)

A

RIFAMPICIN

146
Q

TB DRUGS:

Causes HYPERURECEMIA

A

PYRAZINAMIDE

147
Q

TB DRUGS:

Causes PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY

A

ISONIAZID

148
Q

TB DRUGS:

Causes VISUAL DISTURBANCES

A

E(yes) -THAMBUTOL

149
Q

TB DRUGS:

OTOTOXIC

A

STREPTOMYCIN

150
Q

When should TB DRUGS be given?

A 
R - EMPTY STOMACH
I - EMPTY STOMACH
P - BEFORE MEALS
E - NOT AFFECTED BY FOOD
S - AFTER MEALS
151
Q

When are TB patients considered NON INFECTIOUS?

A

AFTER 2 TO 3 WEEKS OF CONTINUOUS MEDICATION THERAPY

152
Q

PREVENTIVE MEASURES for TB

A
  1. ALL BABIES SHOULD BE VACCINATED WITH BCG

2. AVOID OVERCROWDING

153
Q

An infectious disease of BIRDS ranging from mild to severeform of illness

A

BIRD FLU/
AVIAN INFLUENZA/
H5N1

154
Q

What are the symptoms of BIRD FLU?

A

Flu-like symptoms + SORE EYES

155
Q

What drug should be given to trat Bird Flu?

A

OSELTAMIVIR (TAMIFLU)

156
Q

A pt is admitted due to PROFUSE diarrhea, vomiting, and MASSIVE loss of fluid and electrolytes caused by an acute bacterial ENTERIC disease. What is his diagnosis?

A

CHOLERA

157
Q

Mode of transmission of Cholera

A

FOOD AND WATER CONTAMINATED WITH STOOL OR VOMITUS FROM CARRIERS

158
Q

Can infants and newborns be infected with Cholera?

A

NO, IF THEY ARE BREASTFED.

BREASTFED INFANTS ARE PROTECTED.

159
Q

Symptoms of Cholera:

Type of stool that can be found in infected people with Cholera

A

RICE WATERY STOOL

160
Q

Symptoms of Cholera:

Wrinkled hands and feet

A

WASHER-WOMAN’S HANDS

161
Q

MAIN GOAL of nurses when dealing with patients with Cholera

A

REHYDRATION!

162
Q

INTERVENTIONS to achieve rehydration

A
  1. IV TREATMENT
  2. ORESOL
  3. COCONUT WATER
  4. INCREASE OFI
163
Q

ANTIBIOTICS used to treat Cholera

“TF! Cholera Cholera!”

A

T - etracycline
F - urazolidone
C - hloramphenicol
C - otrimoxazole

164
Q

PREVENTIVE MEASURES against Cholera

A
  1. Water should be BOILED OR CHLORINATED

2. Milk should be PASTEURIZED

165
Q

A systemic infection characterized by CONTINUED FEVER, ANOREXIA, and ULCERATION OF THE PEYER’S PATCHES

A

TYPHOID FEVER

166
Q

DECREASED HCl in gastric secretions

A

GASTRIC ACHLORHYDRIA

167
Q

Symptoms of Typhoid Fever:

Type of fever that is SUSTAINED

A

LADDER FASHION FEVER

168
Q

Symptoms of Typhoid Fever:

SMALL PALLOR, BLANCHING, SLIGHTLY RAISED MACULES

A

ROSE SPOTS

TY-phoid = TY-tanic = Jack and ROSE

169
Q

CONFIRMATORY TEST for Typhoid Fever

A

TYPHIDOT

170
Q

DRUG OF CHOICE of Typhoid Fever

A

CHLORAMPHENICOL

171
Q

Why should you ISOLATE a pt with Typhoid Fever?

A

IT CAN BE SPREAD THRU DIRECT CONTACT

172
Q

Infection of the intestine characterized by diarrhea, fever, TENESMUS and in severe cases BLOODY MUCOID STOOLS

A

DYSENTERY

173
Q

Other term for Dysentery

A

SHIGELLOSIS/BLOODY FLUX

174
Q

CRAMPING rectal pain; URGE to defecate even after recent defecation

A

TENESMUS

175
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Dysentery:

M: Where is the entrance to CBTL?
Intsik: “DYS-ENTRY to Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf” (CBTL)

A

C - OLICKY ABDOMINAL PAIN
B - LOODY MUCOID STOOL
T - ENESMUS
L - ook for DEHYDRATION

176
Q

CONFIRMATORY TEST for Dysentery

A

STOOL CULTURE

177
Q

What is CONTRAINDICATED for Dysentery?

A

ANTI-DIARRHEAL DRUGS

R: they delay fecal excretion that can lead to PROLONGED FEVER

178
Q

Diet recommended for Dysentery

A

LOW RESIDUE DIET

179
Q

Rose Spots

A

TYPHOID FEVER

180
Q

Rice Watery Stool

A

CHOLERA

181
Q

Mucoid Stool

A

DYSENTERY

182
Q

Washer-Woman’s Hands

A

CHOLERA

183
Q

Ladder Fever

A

TYPHOID FEVER

184
Q

Tenesmus

A

DYSENTERY

185
Q

Swelling of one or both PAROTID GLANDS

A

MUMPS/PAROTITIS

186
Q

Mode of Transmission of Mumps

A

DIRECT CONTACT AND INDIRECT CONTACT WITH ARTICLES SOILED WITH SECRETION FROM THE NASOPHARYNX

187
Q

MAJOR COMPLICATION of Mumps in males

A

ORCHITIS - inflammation of one or both testicles

188
Q

MOST USEFUL test in making early presumptive diagnosis for mumps

A

SERUM AMYLASE DETERMINATION

G: May mumps ka?
B: Oo, meron.
G: Awwe SAD ( INCREASED serum amylase)

189
Q

In what room should you place a pt with Mumps:

Private, Semi-private, or Ward

A

PRIVATE; SINGLE OCCUPANCY ROOM

190
Q

PROTOZOAL infection that initially involves the colon and causes DYSENTERY SYMPTOMS + ALTERNATE DIARRHEA AND CONSTIPATION

A

AMOEBIASIS

191
Q

DRUG OF CHOICE for Amoebiasis

A

METRONIDAZOLE - antiprotozoal

192
Q

Diet recommended for Amoebiasis

A

BLAND DIET (cereals and meat broths WITHOUT fats)

193
Q

A slowly progressive disease caused by BLOOD FLUKES

A

SCHISTOSOMIASIS

S(nail fever)CHISTOSOMIASIS

194
Q

CONFIRMATORY TEST for Schistosomiasis

A

CIRCUMOVAL PRECIPITATION TEST

195
Q

Symptoms of Schistosomiasis:

A pruritic rash that occurs 24 HOURS AFTER penetration of cercariae in the skin

A

SWIMMER’S ITCH

196
Q

Symptoms of Schistosomiasis:

DRUG OF CHOICE for Schistosomiasis

A

PRAZIQUANTEL for 6 MONTHS

197
Q

Preventive Measure for Schistosomiasis

A

STREAM CLEARING VEGETATION - expose the snails to SUNLIGHT

198
Q

A very contagious disease caused by the VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS

A

CHICKEN POX

199
Q

Are LESIONS from Chicken Pox infective?

A

YES

200
Q

Are SCABS from Chicken Pox infective?

A

NO, ONLY LESIONS ARE INFECTIVE

201
Q

Where does the rash of Chicken Pox appear FIRST?

A

FACE, CHEST, BACK

202
Q

How long do you keep a pt with Chicken Pox in isolation?

A

UNTIL ALL THE CRUSTS DISAPPEAR

203
Q

What medication is CONTRAINDICATED especially in children with Chicken Pox?

A

ASPIRIN!

No Aspirin - because this can cause Reye’s syndrome in children

204
Q

An acute UNILATERAL and SEGMENTAL inflammation of the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA caused by infection of the HERPES-VARICELLA ZOSTER

A

SHINGLES

205
Q

DRUG OF CHOICE for Shingles

A

ACYCLOVIR - Antiviral that STOPS PROGRESSION of the disease

206
Q

How should pts with Chicken Pox bathe?

A

USING COOL SPONGE BUT NO SOAP!

NO SOAP because this can dry and irritate the skin more

207
Q

A pt with PAINFUL red nodular lesions and vesicles filled with FLUID or PUS is admitted. What is his possible diagnosis?

A

SHINGLES

208
Q

If the vesicle RUPTURES in Shingles, what should you do?

A

APPLY COLD COMPRESS AS ORDERED

209
Q

Other term for MEASLES

A

RUBEOLA

RUBEO(rdinary measles)A

Or 7-day MEASLES

210
Q

PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN of Measles

A

KOPLIK’S SPOTS

211
Q

What are CATARRHAL SYMPTOMS which can be found in Measles?

A

RHINITIS
CONJUNCTIVITIS
PHOTOPHOBIA
CORYZA

212
Q

Symptom of Measles:

Red line on the LOWER conjunctiva

A

STIMSON’S LINE

213
Q

Symptom of Measles:

Tiny WHITE SPOTS on the BUCCAL MUCOSA

A

KOPLIK’S SPOTS

214
Q

What NURSING INTERVENTION should you implement for a pt with PHOTOPHOBIA d/t measles

A

DIM LIGHT ROOM

215
Q

NURSING INTERVENTION for Koplik’s spots in a pt with Measles

A

USE A GARGLE SOLUTION

216
Q

Three-Day Measles

A

GERMAN MEASLES

RUBELLA

217
Q

Which of the two has a TERATOGENIC EFFECT?

MEASLES OR GERMAN MEASLES

A

GERMAN MEASLES

218
Q

Symptom of German Measles:

PINKISH rash on the SOFT PALATE

A

FORSCHEIMER’S SPOTS

219
Q

Nursing Intervention if lymphadenopathy persists AFTER INITIAL 24 HOURS in a pt with German Measles

A

COLD COMPRESS TO PROMOTE VASOCONSTRICTION

220
Q

If a pregnant woman has German Measles it could lead to

A

SPONTANEOUS ABORTION

221
Q

PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN of German Measles

A

FORSCHEIMER’S SPOT

222
Q

WHITE SPOTS on Buccal Mucosa

A

KOPLIK’S SPOTS

223
Q

PINKISH RASH on Soft Palate

A

FORSCHEIMER’S SPOT

224
Q

A highly transmissible skin infection that is characterized by BURROWS, PRURITUS, and EXCORIATIONS

A

SCABIES (from MITES)

225
Q

MEDICATIONS for Scabies

“Give patients a PIL”

A

P - ERMETHRINE
I - VERMECTIN
L - INDANE

226
Q

Any human infestation of LICE

A

PEDICULOSIS

227
Q

MOST COMMON symptom of Lice infestation

A

PRURITUS

228
Q

INITIAL TREATMENT OF CHOICE for Pediculosis

A

PERMETHRIN or PYRETHRIN

229
Q

Diagnostic test for Pediculosis to visualize the FLUORESCENCE OF ADULT LICE

A

WOOD’S LIGHT EXAMINATION

230
Q

A chronic systemic infection characterized by PROGRESSIVE CUTANEOUS LESIONS

A

LEPROSY

231
Q

MOST SERIOUS and most INFECTIOUS type of leprosy

A

LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY

232
Q

Early Symptoms of Leprosy:

What is the characteristic of ulcers in leprosy?

A

THEY DO NOT HEAL!

233
Q

Early Symptoms of Leprosy:

Change in skin color to

A

REDDISH/WHITE

234
Q

Late Manifestation of Leprosy:

Loss of EYEBROW

A

MADAROSIS

235
Q

Late Manifestation of Leprosy:

Inability to close eyelids

A

LAGOPTHALMOS

236
Q

Late Manifestation of Leprosy:

What happens to the NOSE of a pt with Leprosy?

A

SINKING OF THE NOSE BRIDGE

LEP(ango ang ilong)ROSY

237
Q

DIAGNOSTIC TEST for Leprosy

A

SLIT SKIN SMEAR

238
Q

PREVENTATIVE MEASURE for Leprosy

A

BCG VACCINE

239
Q

RECOMMENDED DIET for pts with Leprosy

A

FULL NUTRITIOUS DIET

240
Q

PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN of Dengue

A

HERMAN’S SIGN - erythematous rash

241
Q

What should you do if a NOSE BLEED occurs in a pt with Dengue?

A

APPLY ICE BAG ON THE FOREHEAD AND NOSE BRIDGE

242
Q

What drug is CONTRAINDICATED for Dengue?

A

ASPIRIN!

DO NOT GIVE ASPIRIN

243
Q

A parasitic disease caused by an AFRICAN EYE WORM

A

FILARIASIS

244
Q

Other term for Filariasis

A

ELEPHANTIASIS

245
Q

Symptom of Filariasis:

Inflammation of LYMPH NODES

A

LYMPHADENITIS

246
Q

Symptom of Filariasis:

Inflammation of BLOOD VESSELS

A

LYMPHANGITIS

247
Q

Symptom of Filariasis:

Inflammation of the TESTICLES

A

ORCHITIS

248
Q

Symptom of Filariasis:

FLUID ACCUMULATION in the testes

A

HYDROCELE

249
Q

Symptom of Filariasis:

SWELLING of the arms, legs, genitals, breasts

A

ELEPHANTIASIS

250
Q

DRUG OF CHOICE for Filariasis

A

HETRAZAN

251
Q

Infectious bacterial disease caused by domestic or wild animals whose URINE contaminates food and water

A

LEPTOSPIROSIS

252
Q

Symptom of Leptospirosis:

Muscle pain

A

MYALGIA

253
Q

Symptom of Filariasis:

Meningeal Irritation

A

BRUDZINSKI AND KERNIG’S

254
Q

Symptom of Filariasis:

DECREASED urine output

A

OLIGURIA

255
Q

Symptom of Filariasis:

ABSENCE of urine output

A

ANURIA

256
Q

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT for Leprosy

“Treat the disease caused by your unwanted PET”

A

P - enicillin
E - rythromycin
T - etracycline

257
Q

A disease caused by a SPIROCHETE and is acquired thru sexual contact

A

SYPHILIS

S(pirochete)YPHILIS

258
Q

Symptom of Syphilis:

PAINLESS sore at the site of entry of germs

A

CHANCRE SORES

259
Q

Who long does it tale for Chancre Sores to disappear WITHOUT TREATMENT?

A

THREE TO SIX WEEKS

260
Q

DRUG for Syphilis

A

PENICILLIN G

SYP(enicillin g)HILIS

261
Q

Characteristics of discharge in FEMALE pts with Trichomoniasis

A

WHITE OR GREENISH-YELLOW ODOROUS DISCHARGE with vaginal itching

262
Q

Characteristics of discharge in MALE pts with Trichomoniasis

A

CLEAR DISCHARGE with slight itching

263
Q

TREATMENT OF CHOICE for Trichomoniasis

A

METRONIDAZOLE (Flagyl)

264
Q

COMPLICATION of untreated Trichomoniasis

A

CERVICAL CANCER

265
Q

Symptoms of Chlamydia:

Characteristics of discharge

A

MUCOPURULENT DISCHARGE (pus and mucus)

266
Q

Symptoms of Chlamydia:

PAINFUL sex

A

DYSPARUNIA

267
Q

Symptoms of Chlamydia:

Cramping RECTAL PAIN and URGE to defecate

A

TENESMUS

268
Q

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT for Chlamydia:

“If you have Chlamydia, spill the TEA”

A

T - etracycline
E - rythromycin
A - zithromycin

269
Q

Characteristic of discharge from GONORRHEA

A

YELLOWISH PURULENT DISCHARGE

270
Q

DRUG OF CHOICE for Gonorrhea

A

CEFTRIAXONE

271
Q

Nursing intervention to relieve GONORRHEAL ARTHRITIS

A

APPLY MOIST HEAT

272
Q

Symptom of Candidiasis:

Characteristic of thrush

A

CREAM-COLORED OR BLUISH WHITE CURD-LIKE PATCHES OF EXUDATE

273
Q

DISCHARGE found in Candidiasis

A

WHITE/YELLOW DISCHARGE

274
Q

Nursing intervention to prevent irritation of thrush in pts with Candidiasis

A

NON-IRRITATING MOUTHWASH and a SOFT TOOTHBRUSH

275
Q

Instructions for pts using Nystatin for Candidiasis

A

SWISH IT AROUND MOUTH FOR SEVERAL MINUTES BEFORE SWALLOWING

276
Q

SCREENING TEST for AIDS

A

ELISA

277
Q

CONFIRMATORY TEST for AIDS

A

WESTERN BLOT

278
Q

HIV testing can be performed up to how many hours?

A

72 HOURS POST EXPOSURE

279
Q

When is it MOST RECOMMENDED to be tested for HIV?

A

AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

280
Q

Category of AIDS accdg to Lab Test:

200-499 cells/microliter of blood

A

CATEGORY 2

281
Q

Category of AIDS accdg to Lab Test:

> 500 cells/microliter of blood

A

CATEGORY 1

282
Q

Category of AIDS accdg to Lab Test:

Less than 200 cells/microliter of blood

A

CATEGORY 3

283
Q

Communicable diseases wherein ORCHITIS may be seen?

A

MUMPS

FILARIASIS/ELEPHANTIASIS

PNLE (9 decks)

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