COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Flashcards
What is the FORCE OF INFECTION?
EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIANGLE
What are the COMPONENTS of the Epidemiologic Triangle?
- HOST
- AGENT
- ENVIRONMENT
Any organism that HARBORS and PROVIDES NOURISHMENT for another organism
HOST
Intrinsic property of microorganism to SURVIVE and MULTIPLY to produce disease
AGENT
The sum total of all EXTERNAL CONDITIONS and INFLUENCES that affect the development of an organism
ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL IMMUNITY:
Acquired thru PLACENTAL TRANSFER
NATURAL PASSIVE
NATURAL IMMUNITY:
Acquired thru RECOVERY from a certain disease
NATURAL ACTIVE
ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY:
Acquired thru the administration of ANTITOXIN, ANTISERUM, CONVALESCENT SERUM, GAMMA GLOBULINS
ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE
ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY:
Acquired thru administration of VACCINES and TOXOID
ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE
STAGES OF THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS
I-P-A-C
I - NCUBATION
P - RODROMAL
A - CME
C - ONVALESCENT
STAGE OF THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS:
Non-specific symptoms turns to SPECIFIC signs and symptoms
PRODROMAL
STAGE OF THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS:
ENTRY of the microorganism until the ONSET of symptoms
INCUBATION
STAGE OF THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS:
Symptoms start to ABATE and pt RETURNS to NORMAL state of health
CONVALESCENT
STAGE OF THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS:
DEFINITIVE signs and symptoms develop and become more evident
ACME
Microorganism that CAUSES INFECTION such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc
PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISM/
CAUSATIVE AGENT
ABILITY of organism to CAUSE disease
PATHOGENICITY
Disease SEVERITY and INVASIVENESS
VIRULENCE
NUMBER OF ORGANISMS needed to initiate infection
INFECTIVE DOSE
Antigenic Variation
ORGANISM SPECIFICITY
Ability to SURVIVE OUTSIDE the host
VIABILITY
Ability to PENETRATE the cell
INVASIVENESS
Place where microorganisms LIVE such as in humans and animals, soil, food, plants, air or water
RESERVOIR
The path by which the a pathogen LEAVES its host
PORTAL OF EXIT
MODES OF TRANSMISSION:
Maternal and fetal transmission
VERTICAL
MODES OF TRANSMISSION:
Can either be DIRECT, INDIRECT, or thru BREAK IN SKIN INTEGRITY
HORIZONTAL
MODES OF TRANSMISSION:
Occurs thru SKIN-TO-SKIN contact, kissing and sexual intercourse
DIRECT CONTACT
MODES OF TRANSMISSION:
Spraying with relatively large AEROSOLS produced by COUGHING, SNEEZING, or even TALKING
DROPLET SPREAD
MODES OF TRANSMISSION:
Occurs when infectious agents are carried by dust or droplet nuclei SUSPENDED IN THE AIR
AIRBORNE
MODES OF TRANSMISSION:
Transmitted thru FOOD, WATER, BIOLOGIC PRODUCTS (blood), and FOMITES
VEHICLE-BORNE
MODES OF TRANSMISSION:
From MOSQUITOS, FLEAS, and TICKS
VECTOR-BORNE
The FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE against infection
INTACT SKIN
WEAKEST LINK in the chain of infection
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
How the organism ENTERS the host
PORTAL OF ENTRY
FINAL LINK in the chain of infection
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
Guidelines to PREVENT TRANSMISSION of microorganisms in the hospital
ISOLATION PRECAUTION
Infection acquired DURING stay in the hospital
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
PRIMARY STRATEGY to prevent nosocomial infections and is a precaution designed for ALL PATIENTS
STANDARD PRECAUTION
Precaution designed for pts with KNOWN or SUSPECTED infectious disease spread thru airborne, droplet, or contact
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTION
Single MOST IMPORTANT intervention BEFORE and AFTER pt contact
HAND HYGIENE
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE):
Used for TOUCHING blood, body fluids, secretions, and contaminated items
GLOVES
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE):
Used during procedures when CONTACT of CLOTHING/EXPOSED SKIN with blood or body fluids is anticipated
GOWN
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE):
Used during procedures likely to generate SPLASHES or SPRAY of blood and other body fluids
MASK, EYE PROTECTION, FACE SHIELD
How often should you change gloves?
IN BETWEEN CLIENTS
What do you do BEFORE doning new gloves?
HAND WASHING
After dealing with needles, can you RECAP?
NO
If recapping is REQUIRED, what technique should you use?
ONE-HANDED SCOOP TECHNIQUE
PRECAUTION:
Applied when handling BLOOD and BODY FLUIDS
(Applied to pts with HIV)
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION
ISOLATION OR QUARANTINE:
Applies to those who have been EXPOSED to a disease but may or may not be ill
QUARANTINE
ISOLATION OR QUARANTINE:
Applies to persons who are KNOWN to be ill with a contagious disease
ISOLATION
It is a specific acute, viral infection transmitted to man by SALIVA of an INFECTED ANIMAL
RABIES
What are the other terms for RABIES?
LYSSA (Bacante hehe)
HYDROPHOBIA (Rabies = fear of water)
Etiologic Agent of Rabies
RHABDOVIRUS
rhab(IES)dovirus
MOST DEFINITIVE diagnostic test for Rabies
FLUORESCENT RABIES ANTIBODY (FRA)
Ang definitive test (FRA) sa Rabies
What can you find in the dog’s brain to confirm Rabies?
NEGRI BODIES
After being bitten by an animal suspected of Rabies, what should you IMMEDIATELY do?
WASH WOUND WITH SOAP AND WATER THOROUGHLY
If there is bleeding, COVER the wound
Can you suture the wound from the bite a suspected animal with Rabies?
NEVER SUTURE!
R: This will spread the virus
TREATMENT FOR RABIES:
For non immunized individuals
- WOUND CLEANSING
- RABIES IMMUNOGLOBULIN (RIG)
- RABIES VACCINE
When to administer the Rabies Vaccine
DAY OF BITE, 3RD DAY, 7TH DAY, 14TH DAY
0-3-7-14
TREATMENT FOR RABIES:
For previously immunized individuals
- WOUND CLEANSING
2. RABIES VACCINE
What should you do to make a pt with Rabies comfortable?
- ISOLATE PATIENT
- DARKEN ROOM
- DO NOT BATHE AND NO RUNNING WATER IN THE ROOM (Hydrophobia)
An acute illness caused by toxin of the TETANUS BACILLUS
TETANUS
Etiologic Agent of Tetanus:
CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI
SYMPTOM OF TETANUS:
Arched back rigidity
OPISTHOTONOS
SYMPTOM OF TETANUS:
Board-like abdomen
PERITONITIS
SYMPTOM OF TETANUS:
Painful spasms of the masticatory muscles producing a sneering grin expression
LOCKJAW TRISMUS
RISUS SARDONICUS
Intermittent TONIC seizures that may last several minutes may occur because of tetanus. What should you PRIORITIZE when this happens?
AIRWAY
R: Cyanosis and sudden death by asphyxiation may occur during prolonged tonic seizures
What happens to the Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure of a pt with Tetanus?
CSF PRESSURE INCREASES
What is the FIRST LINE DRUG to give to a pt with Tetanus?
METRONIDAZOLE
What should you PRIORITIZE in a pt with Tetanus?
AIRWAY!
What is the other term for Tetanus?
LOCK JAW
What intervention should you implement to prevent the patient from having a seizure?
PROVIDE A NON STIMULATING ENVIRONMENT
Dimly lit room, warn visitors not to upset or overstimulate the pt
What can you do as a nurse to help PREVENT the occurrence of Tetanus in the community?
STRESS THE IMPORTANCE OF MAINTAINING ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION
A crippling and potentially deadly disease that can invade an infected person’s brain and spinal cord, causing PARALYSIS
POLIOMYELITIS
What is the other term for POLIO?
INFANTILE PARALYSIS
Mode of Transmission of Polio:
po(RAL-FECAL)liomyelitis
DIRECT CONTACT WITH ORAL SECRETIONS AND FECES
Signs and Symptoms of Polio:
HEAD FALLS BACK when supine and shoulders are elevated
HOYNE SIGN
H(oyne)EAD FALLS BACK
Signs and Symptoms of Polio:
Severe stiffness of the HAMSTRINGS and INABILITY TO STRAIGHTEN LEG when hip is flexed to 90 degrees
KERNIG’S SIGN
Signs and Symptoms of Polio:
Severe NECK STIFFNESS causes the pt’s hips and legs to flex when the neck is FLEXED
BRUDZINSKI’S SIGN
Signs and Symptoms of Polio:
Arms extended BEHIND for support when sitting up
TRIPOD
Signs and Symptoms of Polio:
Double vision
DIPLOPIA
Signs and Symptoms of Polio:
Difficulty with VERBAL COMMUNICATION
DYSPHASIA
Can analgesics be given to a patient with Polio?
YES BUT NEVER MORPHINE
What NON-PHARMACOLOGIC intervention can you do to help a pt with Polio RELIEVE PAIN and PROMOTE RELAXATION OF MUSCLES?
MOIST HEAT APPLICATION
Most people infected with polio will have INITIAL SYMPTOMS such as:
FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS:
SORE THROAT FEVER TIREDNESS NAUSEA HEADACHE STOMACH PAIN VOMITING
What is the diagnosis of a pt who seemed to have recovered from polio as a child but develops new muscle pain, weakness, or paralysis AS AN ADULT?
POST-POLIO SYNDROME
How many SEROTYPES of polio are there?
THREE
POLIOVIRUS TYPE 1, 2, and 3
What can be expected in the CSF PRESSURE of a pt with Polio?
SLIGHTLY INCREASED
What NON-PHARMACOLOGIC interventions should you implement when you have a pt with Polio?
- Maintain PATENT AIRWAY (PRIORITY)
- Observe for PARALYSIS and NEUROLOGIC DAMAGE
- Frequent REPOSITIONING
- Inform pt about the need for CAREFUL HANDWASHING
PREVENTATIVE MEASURE for Polio?
ADMINISTRATION OF ORAL POLIO VACCINE
How often are BOOSTER DOSES for Polio given?
AT 10-YEAR INTERVALS FOR TRAVEL TO ENDEMIC AREAS
What must you PRIORITIZE in patients with Tetanus and Polio?
AIRWAY!!
An acute febrile infection of the tonsil, throat, nose, larynx or wound marked by patches of GRAYISH MEMBRANE
DIPTHERIA
GRAYISH MEMBRANE = DIPTHERIA
The MOST SEVERE and MORE FATAL type of Diptheria
LARYNGEAL DIPTHERIA
Symptoms of Diptheria:
Swelling of the soft tissues of the neck
BULL NECK FORMATION
Sypmtoms of Diptheria:
What happens to the voice of a pt with Diptheria?
Voice becomes HUSKY
Diagnostic Tests for Diptheria:
- NOSE AND THROAT SWAB
- SCHICK TEST
- VIRULENCE TEST
- MOLONEY TEST
How can you tell if the Schick test is POSITIVE?
INFLAMMATION or INDURATION AT POINT OF INJECTION
What is the ROUTE of the injection during Schick test?
INTRADERMAL
Diagnostic Tests for Diptheria:
It detects a HIGH DEGREE OF SENSITIVITY TO DIPTHERIA
MOLONEY TEST
DRUGS for Diptheria
d i p(ENICILLIN)
t h e(RYTHROMYCIN)
r i a(NTITOXIN)
PENICILLIN
ERYTHROMYCIN
ANTITOXIN
How long should a pt with Diptheria stay on ABSOLUTE BED REST?
AT LEAST 2 WEEKS
What is the recommended DIET for a pt with Diptheria?
SOFT FOOD DIET, SMALL FREQUENT FEEDINGS
What NON-PHARMACOLOGIC intervention can you do for Bull Neck Formation?
ICE COLLAR APPLIED TO THE NECK
R: this will reduce swelling
PREVENTATIVE MEASURES for Diptheria
- ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION (3 DOSES)
2. PASTEURIZATION OF MILK
Pt has repeated attacks of spasmodic coughing, which consists of a series of EXPLOSIVE EXPIRATIONS that produce a CROWING SOUND (whoop) What is his Diagnosis?
PERTUSSIS
What is the OTHER TERM for Pertussis?
WHOOPING COUGH
The CROWING SOUND or WHOOP is usually followed by:
VOMITING
During a chest radiography, what can be seen in a pt with Pertussis?
INFILTRATES or EDEMA WITH ATELECTASIS
What are the TWO MAIN DRUGS for Pertussis?
ERYTHROMYCIN
AMPICILLIN
MOST DANGEROUS complication of Pertussis?
BRONCHOPNEUMONIA
How long should a person with Pertussis be ISOLATED?
4 TO 6 WEEKS
SUPPORTIVE THERAPY for Pertussis
- FLUID & ELECT REPLACEMENT bc of vomiting
- O2 THERAPY
- ADEQUATE NUTRITION
Inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose
CORYZA
Pt has a FEVER, SEVERE ACHES, SORE THROAT, CORYZA and COUGH. What is his diagnosis?
INFLUENZA
What DRUGS can you give to cure Influenza?
NO DRUGS; SUPPORTIVE THERAPY ONLY (to relieve symptoms and make pt comfortable)
ex. increase OFI, fever mgt, proper disposal of tissues and constant hand washing, contact and droplet precaution, LIMIT strenuous activities
An acute BACTERIAL disease usually affecting the SKIN, but very rarely involve the oropharynx, LRT, mediastinum or intestinal tract
ANTHRAX
Where can the bacteria for Anthrax be found?
ANIMALS and SOIL
What is the other term for Anthrax?
WOOL-SORTER’S DISEASE
“Wool” like a sheep’s wool
Sheep are animals and WOOL-sorter’s disease come from animals and soil
What is the MOST COMMON type of Anthrax?
CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX
What type of Anthrax is FATAL AFTER ONLY A FEW DAYS?
INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX - can result in death within a period of days
What type of Anthrax is caused by the INGESTION OF CONTAMINATED UNDERCOOKED MEAT?
INTESTINAL ANTHRAX
What is the MAIN DRUG given to treat Anthrax?
PENICILLIN
What should you instruct to a pt with CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX?
DO NOT SCRATCH THE LESIONS
What should a pt with Anthrax use to clean his hands:
ALCOHOL-BASED HAND SANITIZERS or SOAP AND WATER
SOAP AND WATER
R: Alcohol-based sanitizers DO NOT kill anthrax spores
An infectious disease of the lungs that results in the CONSOLIDATION of one or more lobes of either one or both lungs
PNEUMONIA
You receive a pt who is experiencing dyspnea, has a FEVER and a PRODUCTIVE COUGH with RUSTY SPUTUM, and CHEST INDRAWING. What is this pt’s expected diagnosis based on his symptoms?
PNEUMONIA
What is the CONFIRMATORY test for the MICROORGANISM responsible for pneumonia?
SPUTUM ANALYSIS
What is the CONFIRMATORY test to determine the LOCATION in the lungs that is affected by pneumonia?
CHEST X-RAY
Upon percussion of the affected side of a pt with Pneumonia, what finding is expected?
A DULL PERCUSSION NOTE
What NON-PHARMACOLOGIC nursing intervention should you PRIORITIZE for a pt with Pneumonia?
FREQUENT TURNING FROM SIDE TO SIDE
A sub-acute or acute respiratory disease characterized by the formation of TUBERCLES in the tissues
TUBERCULOSIS
What are the other terms for TB?
Remember “KAPAG TB”
KPG TB
K - och’s
P - hthisis
G - alloping Consumption Disease
MOST COMMON etiologic agent of Tuberculosis
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
Symptoms of TB:
How long should a cough last for it to be suspected to be TB?
TWO WEEKS OR MORE
Symptoms of TB:
At what TIME OF DAY does a TB patient’s temperature typically rise?
DURING THE AFTERNOON
Symptoms of TB:
COUGHING BLOOD
HEMOPTYSIS
Symptoms of TB:
Excessive sweating during sleep
NIGHT SWEATS
CONFIRMATORY TEST for Tuberculosis
ACID-FAST BACILLI (AFB)
When should sputum specimen be taken for AFB?
EARLY MORNING
Diagnostic test to determine the CLINICAL ACTIVITY of Tuberculosis (Active or Inactive)
CHEST XRAY
To determine the history of EXPOSURE to Tuberculosis
MANTOUX TEST/PURIFIED PROTEIN DERIVATIVE (PPD)
When is the result interpreted for PPD?
48-72 HOURS
What is the (+) PPD result for HIV POSITIVE clients?
5mm INDURATION
What is the (+) PPD result for the GENERAL population?
15mm INDURATION OR MORE
TB DRUGS:
Causes BODY FLUID DISCOLORATION (Red-Orange)
RIFAMPICIN
TB DRUGS:
Causes HYPERURECEMIA
PYRAZINAMIDE
TB DRUGS:
Causes PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
ISONIAZID
TB DRUGS:
Causes VISUAL DISTURBANCES
E(yes) -THAMBUTOL
TB DRUGS:
OTOTOXIC
STREPTOMYCIN
When should TB DRUGS be given?
R - EMPTY STOMACH I - EMPTY STOMACH P - BEFORE MEALS E - NOT AFFECTED BY FOOD S - AFTER MEALS
When are TB patients considered NON INFECTIOUS?
AFTER 2 TO 3 WEEKS OF CONTINUOUS MEDICATION THERAPY
PREVENTIVE MEASURES for TB
- ALL BABIES SHOULD BE VACCINATED WITH BCG
2. AVOID OVERCROWDING
An infectious disease of BIRDS ranging from mild to severeform of illness
BIRD FLU/
AVIAN INFLUENZA/
H5N1
What are the symptoms of BIRD FLU?
Flu-like symptoms + SORE EYES
What drug should be given to trat Bird Flu?
OSELTAMIVIR (TAMIFLU)
A pt is admitted due to PROFUSE diarrhea, vomiting, and MASSIVE loss of fluid and electrolytes caused by an acute bacterial ENTERIC disease. What is his diagnosis?
CHOLERA
Mode of transmission of Cholera
FOOD AND WATER CONTAMINATED WITH STOOL OR VOMITUS FROM CARRIERS
Can infants and newborns be infected with Cholera?
NO, IF THEY ARE BREASTFED.
BREASTFED INFANTS ARE PROTECTED.
Symptoms of Cholera:
Type of stool that can be found in infected people with Cholera
RICE WATERY STOOL
Symptoms of Cholera:
Wrinkled hands and feet
WASHER-WOMAN’S HANDS
MAIN GOAL of nurses when dealing with patients with Cholera
REHYDRATION!
INTERVENTIONS to achieve rehydration
- IV TREATMENT
- ORESOL
- COCONUT WATER
- INCREASE OFI
ANTIBIOTICS used to treat Cholera
“TF! Cholera Cholera!”
T - etracycline
F - urazolidone
C - hloramphenicol
C - otrimoxazole
PREVENTIVE MEASURES against Cholera
- Water should be BOILED OR CHLORINATED
2. Milk should be PASTEURIZED
A systemic infection characterized by CONTINUED FEVER, ANOREXIA, and ULCERATION OF THE PEYER’S PATCHES
TYPHOID FEVER
DECREASED HCl in gastric secretions
GASTRIC ACHLORHYDRIA
Symptoms of Typhoid Fever:
Type of fever that is SUSTAINED
LADDER FASHION FEVER
Symptoms of Typhoid Fever:
SMALL PALLOR, BLANCHING, SLIGHTLY RAISED MACULES
ROSE SPOTS
TY-phoid = TY-tanic = Jack and ROSE
CONFIRMATORY TEST for Typhoid Fever
TYPHIDOT
DRUG OF CHOICE of Typhoid Fever
CHLORAMPHENICOL
Why should you ISOLATE a pt with Typhoid Fever?
IT CAN BE SPREAD THRU DIRECT CONTACT
Infection of the intestine characterized by diarrhea, fever, TENESMUS and in severe cases BLOODY MUCOID STOOLS
DYSENTERY
Other term for Dysentery
SHIGELLOSIS/BLOODY FLUX
CRAMPING rectal pain; URGE to defecate even after recent defecation
TENESMUS
Signs and Symptoms of Dysentery:
M: Where is the entrance to CBTL?
Intsik: “DYS-ENTRY to Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf” (CBTL)
C - OLICKY ABDOMINAL PAIN
B - LOODY MUCOID STOOL
T - ENESMUS
L - ook for DEHYDRATION
CONFIRMATORY TEST for Dysentery
STOOL CULTURE
What is CONTRAINDICATED for Dysentery?
ANTI-DIARRHEAL DRUGS
R: they delay fecal excretion that can lead to PROLONGED FEVER
Diet recommended for Dysentery
LOW RESIDUE DIET
Rose Spots
TYPHOID FEVER
Rice Watery Stool
CHOLERA
Mucoid Stool
DYSENTERY
Washer-Woman’s Hands
CHOLERA
Ladder Fever
TYPHOID FEVER
Tenesmus
DYSENTERY
Swelling of one or both PAROTID GLANDS
MUMPS/PAROTITIS
Mode of Transmission of Mumps
DIRECT CONTACT AND INDIRECT CONTACT WITH ARTICLES SOILED WITH SECRETION FROM THE NASOPHARYNX
MAJOR COMPLICATION of Mumps in males
ORCHITIS - inflammation of one or both testicles
MOST USEFUL test in making early presumptive diagnosis for mumps
SERUM AMYLASE DETERMINATION
G: May mumps ka?
B: Oo, meron.
G: Awwe SAD ( INCREASED serum amylase)
In what room should you place a pt with Mumps:
Private, Semi-private, or Ward
PRIVATE; SINGLE OCCUPANCY ROOM
PROTOZOAL infection that initially involves the colon and causes DYSENTERY SYMPTOMS + ALTERNATE DIARRHEA AND CONSTIPATION
AMOEBIASIS
DRUG OF CHOICE for Amoebiasis
METRONIDAZOLE - antiprotozoal
Diet recommended for Amoebiasis
BLAND DIET (cereals and meat broths WITHOUT fats)
A slowly progressive disease caused by BLOOD FLUKES
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
S(nail fever)CHISTOSOMIASIS
CONFIRMATORY TEST for Schistosomiasis
CIRCUMOVAL PRECIPITATION TEST
Symptoms of Schistosomiasis:
A pruritic rash that occurs 24 HOURS AFTER penetration of cercariae in the skin
SWIMMER’S ITCH
Symptoms of Schistosomiasis:
DRUG OF CHOICE for Schistosomiasis
PRAZIQUANTEL for 6 MONTHS
Preventive Measure for Schistosomiasis
STREAM CLEARING VEGETATION - expose the snails to SUNLIGHT
A very contagious disease caused by the VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS
CHICKEN POX
Are LESIONS from Chicken Pox infective?
YES
Are SCABS from Chicken Pox infective?
NO, ONLY LESIONS ARE INFECTIVE
Where does the rash of Chicken Pox appear FIRST?
FACE, CHEST, BACK
How long do you keep a pt with Chicken Pox in isolation?
UNTIL ALL THE CRUSTS DISAPPEAR
What medication is CONTRAINDICATED especially in children with Chicken Pox?
ASPIRIN!
No Aspirin - because this can cause Reye’s syndrome in children
An acute UNILATERAL and SEGMENTAL inflammation of the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA caused by infection of the HERPES-VARICELLA ZOSTER
SHINGLES
DRUG OF CHOICE for Shingles
ACYCLOVIR - Antiviral that STOPS PROGRESSION of the disease
How should pts with Chicken Pox bathe?
USING COOL SPONGE BUT NO SOAP!
NO SOAP because this can dry and irritate the skin more
A pt with PAINFUL red nodular lesions and vesicles filled with FLUID or PUS is admitted. What is his possible diagnosis?
SHINGLES
If the vesicle RUPTURES in Shingles, what should you do?
APPLY COLD COMPRESS AS ORDERED
Other term for MEASLES
RUBEOLA
RUBEO(rdinary measles)A
Or 7-day MEASLES
PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN of Measles
KOPLIK’S SPOTS
What are CATARRHAL SYMPTOMS which can be found in Measles?
RHINITIS
CONJUNCTIVITIS
PHOTOPHOBIA
CORYZA
Symptom of Measles:
Red line on the LOWER conjunctiva
STIMSON’S LINE
Symptom of Measles:
Tiny WHITE SPOTS on the BUCCAL MUCOSA
KOPLIK’S SPOTS
What NURSING INTERVENTION should you implement for a pt with PHOTOPHOBIA d/t measles
DIM LIGHT ROOM
NURSING INTERVENTION for Koplik’s spots in a pt with Measles
USE A GARGLE SOLUTION
Three-Day Measles
GERMAN MEASLES
RUBELLA
Which of the two has a TERATOGENIC EFFECT?
MEASLES OR GERMAN MEASLES
GERMAN MEASLES
Symptom of German Measles:
PINKISH rash on the SOFT PALATE
FORSCHEIMER’S SPOTS
Nursing Intervention if lymphadenopathy persists AFTER INITIAL 24 HOURS in a pt with German Measles
COLD COMPRESS TO PROMOTE VASOCONSTRICTION
If a pregnant woman has German Measles it could lead to
SPONTANEOUS ABORTION
PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN of German Measles
FORSCHEIMER’S SPOT
WHITE SPOTS on Buccal Mucosa
KOPLIK’S SPOTS
PINKISH RASH on Soft Palate
FORSCHEIMER’S SPOT
A highly transmissible skin infection that is characterized by BURROWS, PRURITUS, and EXCORIATIONS
SCABIES (from MITES)
MEDICATIONS for Scabies
“Give patients a PIL”
P - ERMETHRINE
I - VERMECTIN
L - INDANE
Any human infestation of LICE
PEDICULOSIS
MOST COMMON symptom of Lice infestation
PRURITUS
INITIAL TREATMENT OF CHOICE for Pediculosis
PERMETHRIN or PYRETHRIN
Diagnostic test for Pediculosis to visualize the FLUORESCENCE OF ADULT LICE
WOOD’S LIGHT EXAMINATION
A chronic systemic infection characterized by PROGRESSIVE CUTANEOUS LESIONS
LEPROSY
MOST SERIOUS and most INFECTIOUS type of leprosy
LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY
Early Symptoms of Leprosy:
What is the characteristic of ulcers in leprosy?
THEY DO NOT HEAL!
Early Symptoms of Leprosy:
Change in skin color to
REDDISH/WHITE
Late Manifestation of Leprosy:
Loss of EYEBROW
MADAROSIS
Late Manifestation of Leprosy:
Inability to close eyelids
LAGOPTHALMOS
Late Manifestation of Leprosy:
What happens to the NOSE of a pt with Leprosy?
SINKING OF THE NOSE BRIDGE
LEP(ango ang ilong)ROSY
DIAGNOSTIC TEST for Leprosy
SLIT SKIN SMEAR
PREVENTATIVE MEASURE for Leprosy
BCG VACCINE
RECOMMENDED DIET for pts with Leprosy
FULL NUTRITIOUS DIET
PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN of Dengue
HERMAN’S SIGN - erythematous rash
What should you do if a NOSE BLEED occurs in a pt with Dengue?
APPLY ICE BAG ON THE FOREHEAD AND NOSE BRIDGE
What drug is CONTRAINDICATED for Dengue?
ASPIRIN!
DO NOT GIVE ASPIRIN
A parasitic disease caused by an AFRICAN EYE WORM
FILARIASIS
Other term for Filariasis
ELEPHANTIASIS
Symptom of Filariasis:
Inflammation of LYMPH NODES
LYMPHADENITIS
Symptom of Filariasis:
Inflammation of BLOOD VESSELS
LYMPHANGITIS
Symptom of Filariasis:
Inflammation of the TESTICLES
ORCHITIS
Symptom of Filariasis:
FLUID ACCUMULATION in the testes
HYDROCELE
Symptom of Filariasis:
SWELLING of the arms, legs, genitals, breasts
ELEPHANTIASIS
DRUG OF CHOICE for Filariasis
HETRAZAN
Infectious bacterial disease caused by domestic or wild animals whose URINE contaminates food and water
LEPTOSPIROSIS
Symptom of Leptospirosis:
Muscle pain
MYALGIA
Symptom of Filariasis:
Meningeal Irritation
BRUDZINSKI AND KERNIG’S
Symptom of Filariasis:
DECREASED urine output
OLIGURIA
Symptom of Filariasis:
ABSENCE of urine output
ANURIA
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT for Leprosy
“Treat the disease caused by your unwanted PET”
P - enicillin
E - rythromycin
T - etracycline
A disease caused by a SPIROCHETE and is acquired thru sexual contact
SYPHILIS
S(pirochete)YPHILIS
Symptom of Syphilis:
PAINLESS sore at the site of entry of germs
CHANCRE SORES
Who long does it tale for Chancre Sores to disappear WITHOUT TREATMENT?
THREE TO SIX WEEKS
DRUG for Syphilis
PENICILLIN G
SYP(enicillin g)HILIS
Characteristics of discharge in FEMALE pts with Trichomoniasis
WHITE OR GREENISH-YELLOW ODOROUS DISCHARGE with vaginal itching
Characteristics of discharge in MALE pts with Trichomoniasis
CLEAR DISCHARGE with slight itching
TREATMENT OF CHOICE for Trichomoniasis
METRONIDAZOLE (Flagyl)
COMPLICATION of untreated Trichomoniasis
CERVICAL CANCER
Symptoms of Chlamydia:
Characteristics of discharge
MUCOPURULENT DISCHARGE (pus and mucus)
Symptoms of Chlamydia:
PAINFUL sex
DYSPARUNIA
Symptoms of Chlamydia:
Cramping RECTAL PAIN and URGE to defecate
TENESMUS
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT for Chlamydia:
“If you have Chlamydia, spill the TEA”
T - etracycline
E - rythromycin
A - zithromycin
Characteristic of discharge from GONORRHEA
YELLOWISH PURULENT DISCHARGE
DRUG OF CHOICE for Gonorrhea
CEFTRIAXONE
Nursing intervention to relieve GONORRHEAL ARTHRITIS
APPLY MOIST HEAT
Symptom of Candidiasis:
Characteristic of thrush
CREAM-COLORED OR BLUISH WHITE CURD-LIKE PATCHES OF EXUDATE
DISCHARGE found in Candidiasis
WHITE/YELLOW DISCHARGE
Nursing intervention to prevent irritation of thrush in pts with Candidiasis
NON-IRRITATING MOUTHWASH and a SOFT TOOTHBRUSH
Instructions for pts using Nystatin for Candidiasis
SWISH IT AROUND MOUTH FOR SEVERAL MINUTES BEFORE SWALLOWING
SCREENING TEST for AIDS
ELISA
CONFIRMATORY TEST for AIDS
WESTERN BLOT
HIV testing can be performed up to how many hours?
72 HOURS POST EXPOSURE
When is it MOST RECOMMENDED to be tested for HIV?
AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Category of AIDS accdg to Lab Test:
200-499 cells/microliter of blood
CATEGORY 2
Category of AIDS accdg to Lab Test:
> 500 cells/microliter of blood
CATEGORY 1
Category of AIDS accdg to Lab Test:
Less than 200 cells/microliter of blood
CATEGORY 3
Communicable diseases wherein ORCHITIS may be seen?
MUMPS
FILARIASIS/ELEPHANTIASIS
