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PNLE > MATERNAL > Flashcards

MATERNAL Flashcards

1
Q

Schedule of FIRST Pre-natal checkup

A

AS EARLY IN THE PREGNANCY AS POSSIBLE

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2
Q

Schedule of THIRD Pre-natal checkup

A

THIRD TRIMESTER

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3
Q

Schedule of SECOND Pre-natal checkup

A

SECOND TRIMESTER

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4
Q

Schedule of prenatal visits AFTER THE 8TH MONTH of pregnancy UNTIL DELIVERY

A

EVERY 2 WEEKS

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5
Q

When should VITAMIN A be given to a pregnant woman?

A

TWICE A WEEK STARTING ON THE 4TH MONTH OF PREGNANCY

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6
Q

When should IRON be given to a pregnant woman?

A

EVERYDAY STARTING FROM THE 5TH MONTH OF PREGNANCY UNTIL 2 MONTHS POSTPARTUM

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7
Q

When should NEWBORN SCREENING be performed?

A

WITHIN 48 HOURS UP TO 2 WEEKS AFTER BIRTH

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8
Q

Schedule of the FIRST Postpartum Visit

A

WITHIN FIRST WEEK POSTPARTUM

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9
Q

Schedule of the SECOND Postpartum Visit

A

6 WEEKS POSTPARTUM

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10
Q

AVERAGE CYCLE of menstruation

A

28 DAYS

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11
Q

Normal blood loss during Menstruation

A

30-80cc (1/4cup)

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12
Q

Hormone responsible for OVULATION

A

LUTEINIZING HORMONE

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13
Q

Refers to the number of pregnancies REGARDLESS OF THE OUTCOME

A

GRAVIDA

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14
Q

Refers to the number of VIABLE (after 24wks) pregnancies DELIVERED whether dead or alive

A

PARITY

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15
Q

Has been pregnant before but has NEVER GIVEN BIRTH to a VIABLE, or a LIVE INFANT

A

NULLIPAROUS

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16
Q

Has NEVER been pregnant

A

NULLIGRAVID

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17
Q

Presumptive, Probable or Positive Sign:

Amenorrhea

A

PRESUMPTIVE

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18
Q

Presumptive, Probable or Positive Sign:

Fetal Heart Tone

A

POSITIVE

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19
Q

Presumptive, Probable or Positive Sign:

Fetal Movement felt by EXAMINER

A

POSTIVE

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20
Q

Presumptive, Probable or Positive Sign:

Fetal Movement by WOMAN

A

PRESUMPTIVE

R: It could be gas or peristalsis

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21
Q

Presumptive, Probable or Positive Sign:

Nausea and Vomiting

A

PRESUMPTIVE

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22
Q

Presumptive, Probable or Positive Sign:

Positive Pregnancy Test

A

PROBABLE

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23
Q

Presumptive, Probable or Positive Sign:

Abdominal Enlargement

A

PROBABLE

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24
Q

Presumptive, Probable or Positive Sign:

Fatigue

A

PRESUMPTIVE

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25
Q

Presumptive, Probable or Positive Sign:

Breast Changes

A

PRESUMPTIVE

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26
Q

Presumptive, Probable or Positive Sign:

Chadwick’s Sign

A

PROBABLE

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27
Q

Presumptive, Probable or Positive Sign:

Braxton Hick’s Contraction

A

PROBABLE

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28
Q

Presumptive, Probable or Positive Sign:

Ultrasound

A

POSITIVE

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29
Q

BLUISH PURPLE discoloration of the vagina

A

CHADWICK’S SIGN

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30
Q

Softening of the CERVIX

A

GOODELL’S SIGN

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31
Q

Softening of the lower UTERINE segment

A

HEGAR’S SIGN

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32
Q

When lower uterine segment is tapped during bimanual examination, the fetus can be FELT TO RISE against abdominal wall

A

BALLOTTMENT

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33
Q

DARKENING of the skin from symphysis pubis to umbilicus

A

LINEA NEGRA

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34
Q

Spider-like veins and STRETCH MARKS in the abdomen

A

STRIAE GRAVIDARUM

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35
Q

What should the pt do prior to Leopold’s Maneuver?

A

VOID TO EMPTY BLADDER PRIOR TO LEOPOLD’S MANEUVER

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36
Q

POSITION of pt for Leopold’s Maneuver

A

SUPINE WITH KNEES SLIGHTLY FLEXED

R: Flexing knees relaxes abdominal muscles

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37
Q

Maneuver that determines whether FETAL HEAD or BREECH is in the fundus

A

FUNDAL GRIP

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38
Q

Maneuver that LOCATES the FETAL BACK

A

UMBILICAL GRIP

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39
Q

Maneuver that determines if the presenting part is ENGAGED OR NOT

A

PAWLICK’S GRIP

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40
Q

Maneuver that determines FETAL ATTITUDE and DEGREE OF FLEXION into the pelvis

A

PELVIC GRIP

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41
Q

Where should you be facing when performing the Pelvic Grip?

A

NURSE SHOULD BE FACING TOWARDS THE HEAD OF THE MOTHER

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42
Q

A medical disorder characterized by an appetite for substances largely NON-NUTRITIVE and sometimes INEDIBLE

A

PICA

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43
Q

Term for excessive salivation which can occur during pregnancy

A

PTYALISM

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44
Q

What causes ptyalism in pregnant women?

A

INCREASED LEVELS OF ESTROGEN

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45
Q

What should the MANAGEMENT be for a pregnant woman with ptyalism?

A

PROVIDE HARD CANDIES

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46
Q

What frequently used drugs should NOT be taken during pregnancy?

A

NSAIDS and ASPIRIN

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47
Q

Diagnostic exam wherein amniotic fluid is withdrawn thru the abdominal wall for analysis

A

AMNIOCENTESIS

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48
Q

When is Amniocentesis best done?

A

14-16 WEEKS AGE OF GESTATION OR DURING THE SECOND TRIMESTER

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49
Q

What should you instruct the pt to do PRIOR to amniocentesis?

A

VOID

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50
Q

NORMAL amount of Amniocentesis

A

800-1,200ml

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51
Q

Amniotic fluid of LESS THAN 500ml

A

OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS

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52
Q

Amniotic Fluid of more than 2,000ml

A

POLYHYDRAMNIOS

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53
Q

GREEN Amniotic Fluid indicates

A

MECONIUM STAINING

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54
Q

STRONG YELLOW colored Amniotic Fluid suggests

A

BLOOD INCOMPATIBILITY

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55
Q

An inherited disorder wherein the body is UNABLE TO PROCESS certain protein building blocks (amino acids) properly

A

MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE

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56
Q

SNOWSTORM appearance upon Ultrasound indicates

A

HYATIDIFORM MOLE/H MOLE

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57
Q

Psychological Tasks of the Mother (First, Second, or Third Trimester):

Mother should accept that she is PREGNANT;
Concern of mother towards herself is GREATER than concern towards the baby

Mother > Baby

A

FIRST TRIMESTER

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58
Q

Psychological Tasks of the Mother (First, Second, or Third Trimester):

Acceptance of the PARENTHOOD; Concern for self is LESS THAN concern for baby

Baby > Mother

A

THIRD TRIMESTER

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59
Q

Psychological Tasks of the Mother (First, Second, or Third Trimester):

Acceptance of the BABY; concern towards self is EQUAL to concern for the baby

MOTHER = BABY

A

SECOND TRIMESTER

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60
Q

Theories of Pregnancy:

The baby feels that it is already capable of living outside utero

A

THEORIES OF PARTURITION FETAL SIGN

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61
Q

Theories of Pregnancy:

Receptors for oxytocin in the uterus INCREASES as term approaches

A

OXYTOCIN THEORY OF PARTURITION

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62
Q

Theories of Pregnancy:

Level of progesterone DECREASES causing contraction of uterus while approaching term

A

PROGESTERONE WITHDRAWAL THEORY

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63
Q

Theories of Pregnancy:

Prostaglandin STIMULATES uterine contraction

A

PROSTAGLANDIN THEORY

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64
Q

Type of Pelvis:

“Male pelvis”; HEART SHAPED

A

ANDROID PELVIS

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65
Q

Type of Pelvis:

“Ape-like” pelvis; OVAL SHAPED

A

ANTHROPOID PELVIS

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66
Q

Type of Pelvis:

“NORMAL female pelvis”

A

GYNECOID PELVIS

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67
Q

Type of Pelvis:

“FLATTENED pelvis”

A

PLATYPELLOID PELVIS

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68
Q

Type of pelvis that is the most suitable BIRTH CANAL

A

GYNECOID

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69
Q

The use of TAMPON is associated with what condition?

A

TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME

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70
Q

Family Planning Method:

Sex 3-4 days BEFORE and AFTER ovulation is considered unsafe

A

RHYTHM METHOD/CALENDAR METHOD

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71
Q

Family Planning Method:

Daily monitoring of TEMPERATURE to determine beginning if ovulation

A

BASAL BODY TEMP

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72
Q

When should a woman take her temperature when performing the Basal Body Temperature method?

A

EVERY MORNING BEFORE GETTING OUT OF BED

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73
Q

Family Planning Method:

Checking the SPINNABARKEIT PROPERTY of cervical mucus

A

CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD

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74
Q

What is the other term for Cervical Mucus Method?

A

BILLING’S METHOD

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75
Q

THICK, VISCOUS, NON-STRETCHY cervical mucus indicates that the woman is:

A

NOT FERTILE (safe)

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76
Q

THIN, WATERY, STRETCHY cervical mucus indicates that the woman is:

A

FERTILE (unsafe)

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77
Q

Family Planning Method:

BBT + Billing’s Method

A

SYMPTO-THERMAL METHOD

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78
Q

Family Planning Method:

Principle - lactation SUPPRESSES ovulation

A

LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA METHOD

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79
Q

3 Parameters of Lactational Amenorrhea Method:

A
  1. EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING
  2. AMENORRHEIC SINCE DELIVERY OF BABY
  3. FIRST 6 MONTHS ONLY
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80
Q

What is the term for the Withdrawal Method?

A

COITUS INTERRUPTUS

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81
Q

What is the difference between COC and POP (Oral Contraceptives)?

A

COC - Combined Oral Contraceptive (Estrogen + Progesterone)

POP - Progesterone Only Pill

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82
Q

Which type of oral contraceptive is suitable for BREASTFEEDING women?

A

PROGESTERONE ONLY PILL

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83
Q

How many pills are in a set of oral contraceptives?

A

21 ACTIVE PILLS + 7 PLACEBO

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84
Q

Before administering a “MORNING AFTER PILL” (Ovral), what should you do?

A

PRE-MEDICATE WITH METROCLOPRAMIDE

R: Morning after pills may cause SEVERE NAUSEA and VOMITING

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85
Q

How many tablets of Ovral should you take?

A

4 TABLET

2 TABS (within 72hrs from coitus)
2 TABS (12hrs after)
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86
Q

What component of some contraceptives is CONTRAINDICATED for breastfeeding women?

A

ESTROGEN!

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87
Q

How many years can a subcutaneous/subdermal implant last?

A

5 YEARS

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88
Q

How often should an injection of LUNELLE (estro + progesterone) be given?

A

MONTHLY (30 days)

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89
Q

How often should an injection of DEPOPROVERA (progesterone only) be given?

A

EVERY 3 MONTHS

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90
Q

A t-shaped device that causes INFLAMMATION and is used as a family planning method

A

INTRAUTERINE DEVICE

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91
Q

What is the position of a pt during an insertion of an IUD?

A

LITHOTOMY

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92
Q

How often should you check the string of the IUD?

A

MONTHLY AFTER MENSTRUATION

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93
Q

A type of IUD that is made of PLASTIC

A

MIRENA

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94
Q

A type of IUD that is made of COPPER

A

PARAGUARD

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95
Q

How long does MIRENA last?

A

5 YEARS

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96
Q

How long does PARAGUARD last?

A

10 YEARS

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97
Q

What diagnostic test is CONTRAINDICATED if a woman is using a paraguard IUD?

A

MRI

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98
Q

How long should you wait before REMOVING a diaphragm (rubber disk)?

A

6 HOURS

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99
Q

For how long can you leave a Diaphragm (rubber disk) inside?

A

24 HOURS

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100
Q

For how long can you leave a Cervical Cap inside?

A

48 HOURS

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101
Q

Can a Cervical Cap be reused?

A

YES IT CAN BE REUSED FOR 3 YEARS

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102
Q

When should you RE-FIT a cervical cap?

A

WHEN YOU GAIN OR LOSE 15lbs

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103
Q

Hormone of PREGNANCY

A

PROGESTERONE

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104
Q

FINGER-LIKE structures used to attach the blastocysts to the endometrium

A

CHORIONIC VILLI

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105
Q

SHINY side of the Placenta

A

SCHULTZ (Fetal Side)

SCH(iny)ULTZ

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106
Q

DIRTY side of the Placenta

A

DUNCAN (Maternal Side)

D(irty)UNCAN

107
Q

3 vessels of the umbilical cord (AVA)

A

2 UMBILICAL ARTERIES

1 UMBILICAL VEIN

108
Q

How long is the umbilical cord?

A

APPROXIMATELY 21 INCHES LONG

109
Q

Hormone that causes UTERINE CONTRACTION and CERVICAL RIPENING

A

PROSTAGLANDIN

110
Q

GRAYISH Amniotic Fluid with odor indicates

A

INFECTION

111
Q

Fetal Growth and Development (in weeks):

Complete ORGANOGENESIS

A

8 WEEKS

112
Q

Fetal Growth and Development (in weeks):

Age of VIABILITY (able to survive extra uterine life)

A

24 WEEKS

113
Q

Fetal Growth and Development (in weeks):

Nervous system

A

3 WEEKS

114
Q

Fetal Growth and Development (in weeks):

Fetal Heart Tone via DOPPLER

A

12 WEEKS

115
Q

Fetal Growth and Development (in weeks):

Sex determination via ULTRASOUND
Quickening (first movement in MULTIPAROUS woman)

A

16 WEEKS

116
Q

Fetal Growth and Development (in weeks):

Fetal Heart Tone via STETHOSCOPE;
Quickening (in PRIMI)

A

20 WEEKS

117
Q

Fetal Growth and Development (in weeks):

Subctaneous FAT

A

32 WEEKS

118
Q

Fetal Growth and Development (in weeks):

Testes DESCEND to scrotum

A

36 WEEKS

119
Q

Fetal Growth and Development (in weeks):

Lung Surfactant

A

28 WEEKS

120
Q

Term for UNDESCENDED testes

A

CRYPTORCHIDISM

121
Q

Normal Blood Loss in NORMAL VAGINAL DELIVERY

A

300-400ml

122
Q

Normal Blood Loss in CESAREAN SECTION

A

800 to 1000ml

123
Q

EXCESSIVE vomiting during pregnancy

A

HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

124
Q

Urinary frequency during the FIRST TRIMESTER occurs due to

A

HORMONAL CHANGES

125
Q

Urinary frequency during the THIRD TRIMESTER occurs due to

A

PRESSURE FROM THE UTERUS

126
Q

“MASK” of Pregnancy

A

MELASMA/CHLOASMA

127
Q

Dark vertical line on the abdomen

A

LINEA NEGRA

128
Q

Itchiness on the palm due to Estrogen

A

PALMAR ERYTHERMA

129
Q

Management for BACKACHE d/t Lordosis

A
  1. PELVIC ROCKING EXERCISES

2. TAILOR SITTING

130
Q

Management for LEG CRAMPS for pregnant women

A

KNEE EXTENSION + DORSIFLEXION

131
Q

Management for ANKLE EDEMA

A

ELEVATE THE LEGS

132
Q

Management for MORNING SICKNESS

A
  1. DRY CRACKERS
  2. LIMIT FLUID INTAKE IN THE MORNING
  3. SMALL FREQUENT FEEDINGS
133
Q

Refers to the settling of the presenting part into the ISCHIAL SPINE

A

ENGAGEMENT

134
Q

Refers to the FIRST Fetal Movement

A

QUICKENING

135
Q

Prior to an ultrasound, what should you instruct to the pt?

A

BLADDER MUST BE FULL!!

DRINK 1 GLASS OF WATER EVERY 15mins

136
Q

POSITION of pt while Amniocentesis is performed

A

SUPINE

137
Q

Method used to estimate EXPECTED DATE OF DELIVERY

A

NAGELE’S RULE

138
Q

How do you compute the Nagele’s Rule?

A

Month: -3
Day: +7

139
Q

What is the LANDMARK when measuring the Fundic Height?

A

FROM SYMPHYSIS PUBIS TO FUNDUS

140
Q

Refers to the DESCENT of the baby

A

LIGHTENING

141
Q

Normal WEIGHT GAIN in a pregnant woman

A

25-35 POUNDS

142
Q

Signs of TRUE LABOR

P-B-R

A

P - ROGRESSIVE CONTRACTIONS
B - LOODY SHOW
R - UPTURE OF MEMBRANE

143
Q

IMMEDIATE MGT for Cord Prolapse

A
  1. TRENDELENBURG/KNEE-CHEST POSITION

2. COVER THE CORD WITH SALINE SOAKED DRESSING OR STERILE GAUZE

144
Q

When does the ANTERIOR FONTANELLE close?

A

12-18 MONTHS

145
Q

When does the POSTERIOR FONTANELLE close?

A

2-3 MONTHS

146
Q

Shape of the Anterior Fontanelle

A

DIAMOND

147
Q

Shape of Posterior Fontanelle

A

TRIANGLE

148
Q

Phases of Labor:

Onset of true labor to COMPLETE dilatation

A

DILATATION

149
Q

Phases of Labor:

Complete dilatation up to expulsion of the baby

A

EXPULSION

150
Q

Phases of Labor:

From expulsion of baby to delivery of placenta

A

PLACENTAL DELIVERY

151
Q

Phases of Labor:

Postpartum Period

A

RECOVERY

152
Q

When positioning the mother in Lithotomy for preparation of delivery, what should you do?

A

RAISE BOTH LEGS SIMULTANEOUSLY

153
Q

When should a pregnant woman start PUSHING during delivery of baby?

A

DURING CONTRACTIONS

154
Q

Maneuver done by applying pressure on the perineum to PREVENT LACERATION

A

RITGEN’S MANEUVER

155
Q

Is it recommended to SUCTION once the baby’s head is out?

A

NO UNLESS IT IS NECESSARY TO SUCTION

R: Suctioning may cause ABRASION of respiratory tract

156
Q

Maneuver done by ROLLING the cord to assist placental delivery

A

BRANDT-ANDREW MANEUVER

157
Q

3 Phases of Dilatation

A

LATENT - excited cooperative mother; short contractions
ACTIVE - irritable mother; moderate contractions
TRANSITIONAL - uncontrollable mother; longer contractions

158
Q

What COMPLICATION occurs due to too much Oxytocin?

A

TETANIC UTERINE CONTRACTIONS

159
Q

What should you check PRIOR to clamping the cord?

A

CHECK IF PULSATION HAS STOPPED

160
Q

Types of Lochia

RSA

A

R -UBRA (red)
S - EROSA (pinkish)
A - LBA (whitish)

161
Q

Management for LACERATION caused by delivery

A

EPISIORRHAPHY

162
Q

Management for UTERINE ATONY

A

OXYTOCIN

163
Q

Management for RETAINED placental fragments

A

DILATION AND CURETTAGE

164
Q

Refers to the RETURN of the uterus to a non-pregnant state

A

INVOLUTION

165
Q

Refers to when the uterus does NOT go back to its non-pregnant state

A

SUBINVOLUTION

166
Q

Where is the uterine fundus on the day of delivery?

A

LEVEL OF UMBILICUS then decreases in height one finger breadth everyday

167
Q

When will the fundus be NON-PALPABLE post partum?

A

10 DAYS AFTER DELIVERY

168
Q

Stages of Postpartum Adaptation:

SELF-CENTERED mother

A

TAKING IN

169
Q

Stages of Postpartum Adaptation:

BABY CENTERED

A

TAKING HOLD

170
Q

Stages of Postpartum Adaptation:

Transition to PARENTHOOD

A

LETTING GO

171
Q

Expulsion of the conceptus BEFORE viability (24wks)

A

ABORTION

172
Q

PLANNED abortion

A

ELECTIVE ABORTION

173
Q

SPONTANEOUS abortion

A

MISCARRIAGE

174
Q

Types of Abortion:

Spotting, cramping, NO DILATION

A

THREATENED ABORTION

175
Q

Types of Abortion:

INEVITABLE; Bright red vaginal bleeding WITH uterine contraction and cervical dilation

A

IMMINENT ABORTION

176
Q

Types of Abortion:

Complete expulsion of conceptus

A

COMPLETE ABORTION

177
Q

Types of Abortion:

SOME products of conception have passed in the vagina

A

INCOMPLETE ABORTION

178
Q

Types of Abortion:

ABSENCE of Fetal Heart Tones

A

MISSED ABORTION

179
Q

Types of Abortion:

Occurrence of THREE OR MORE pregnancies that end in miscarriage before fetal viability

A

HABITUAL ABORTION

180
Q

Management for THREATENED ABORTION

A
  1. BED REST (24-48hrs)

2. NO SEX FOR TWO WEEKS FROM THE TIME BLEEDING STOPS

181
Q

Drug of choice for THREATENED ABORTION

A

TOCOLYTIC - causes uterine relaxation

182
Q

Drug of choice for IMMINENT, INCOMPLETE, or MISSED ABORTION

A

OXYTOCIN - to expel remaining cells

183
Q

Implantation occurs OUTSIDE of the uterus

A

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

184
Q

Most common PREDISPOSING FACTOR for Ectopic Pregnancy

A

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

185
Q

TRIAD MANIFESTATIONS of Ectopic Pregnancy

A
  1. AMENORRHEA
  2. VAGINAL BLEEDING OR SPOTTING
  3. UNILATERAL LOWER ABDOMINAL PAIN OR TENDERNESS
186
Q

Symptom of Ectopic Pregnancy:

Ecchymosis around the UMBILICUS due to hemoperitoneum

A

CULLEN’S SIGN

187
Q

Symptom of Ectopic Pregnancy:

Type of pain felt in the lower abdomen

A

STABBING KNIFE-LIKE PAIN

188
Q

Drug used to treat Ectopic Pregnancies SHRINKING and ABSORBING products of conception

A

METHOTREXATE

189
Q

Surgical Management for UNRUPTURED Ectopic Pregnancy

A

SALPINGOTOMY

190
Q

Surgical Management for RUPTURED Ectopic Pregnancy

A

SALPINGECTOMY

191
Q

Abnormal proliferation and then degeneration of TROPHOBLASTIC VILLI

A

HYATIDIFORM MOLE/GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE

192
Q

What appearance can be seen thru an ultrasound in a pt with H. Mole?

A

SNOWSTORM APPEARANCE OR GRAPE-LIKE APPEARANCE

193
Q

High levels of HCG in H Mole causes what specific symptom?

A

EXCESSIVE VOMITING

194
Q

Management for H Mole

A

DILATATION AND CURETTAGE

195
Q

What do you INSTRUCT to a pt who has recently been treated for H Mole?

A

NO PREGNANCY FOR 1 YEAR

196
Q

Refers to a cervix that dilates PREMATURELY and therefore cannot hold a fetus until term; MOST COMMON CAUSE OF HABITUAL ABORTION

A

PREMATURE CERVICAL DILATION

197
Q

FIRST SYMPTOM of Premature Cervical Dilation

A

“SHOW” (pink-stained vaginal discharge) or INCREASED PELVIC PRESSURE

198
Q

A procedure wherein a suture is applied to the cervical opening to make the cervix TENSE

A

MCDONALD’S PROCEDURE

199
Q

What type of suture is done in the Mcdonald’s Procedure?

A

PURSE STRING SUTURE

200
Q

When is the MCDONALD’S PROCEDURE performed?

A

WHEN PRODUCT OF CONCEPTION IS LESS THAN 12 WEEKS OLD

201
Q

Procedure wherein a STERILE TAPE is threaded in a purse string manner to achieve a closed cervix

A

SHIRODKAR/BARTER PROCEDURE

202
Q

POSITION OF CHOICE for a pt with Premature Cervical Dilation

A

MODIFIED TRENDELENBURG

203
Q

If contraction occurs in Premature Cervical Dilation, what drug should you administer?

A

TOCOLYTIC

204
Q

PAINLESS with BRIGHT RED BLEEDING condition of pregnancy wherein the placenta is implanted ABNORMALLY in the uterus

A

PLACENTA PREVIA

205
Q

POSITION OF CHOICE for a Placenta Previa

A

SIDE LYING

206
Q

Can a rectal or pelvic exam be performed when there is PAINLESS bleeding late in the pregnancy?

A

NO!

207
Q

EARLY SEPARATION of the placenta prior to delivery of the fetus

A

ABRUPTIO PLACENTA

208
Q

Difference between ABRUPTIO PLACENTA and PLACENTA PREVIA

A

Abruptio Placenta - PAINFUL with HEAVY BLEEDING

Placenta Previa - PAINLESS with BRIGHT RED BLEEDING

209
Q

What position is CONTRAINDICATED in Abruptio Placenta?

A

SUPINE! POSITION SHOULD BE LATERAL

R: Avoid supine position to PREVENT PRESSURE on the vena cava

210
Q

Can you perform an INTERNAL EXAMINATION on a pt with Abruptio Placenta?

A

NO BECAUSE THIS CAN TRIGGER LABOR

211
Q

Color of vaginal bleeding in HYATIDIFORM MOLE

A

DARK RED TO BROWN VAGINAL BLEEDING

212
Q

Color of vaginal bleeding in PLACENTA PREVIA

A

BRIGHT RED

213
Q

Rupture of fetal membranes with loss of amniotic fluid during pregnancy BEFORE 37 WEEKS

A

PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES

214
Q

GOLD STANDARD of infection in Premature Rupture of Membrane (PROM)

A

24 HOURS

If more than 24hrs since ROM, there will be SEPSIS

215
Q

What COMPLICATIONS should be watched out for in PROM?

A

INFECTION and CORD PROLAPSE

216
Q

Medication to HASTEN LUNG MATURITY of fetus in Premature Rupture of Membrane

A

CORTICOSTEROID (BETAMETHASONE)

217
Q

What should you NEVER do when there is cord prolapse due to PROM?

A

NEVER REINSERT THE CORD

218
Q

What should you IMMEDIATELY do in case cord prolapse occurs due to PROM?

A

MOISTEN GAUZE WITH NSS AND AND COVER THE CORD

219
Q

MANAGEMENT for Premature Labor

A
  1. BED REST
  2. IV THERAPY (hydration may stop contractions)
  3. TOCOLYTIC AGENTS
  4. COITUS RESTRICTION
220
Q

Refers to pregnancy that EXCEEDS 42wks

A

POSTTERM PREGNANCY

221
Q

MAIN COMPLICATION of Post term Pregnancy

A

MECONIUM ASPIRATION

222
Q

Medication given to INITIATE cervical ripening in post term pregnancies

A
  1. OXYTOXIN

2. PROSTAGLANDIN GEL or MISOPROSTOL (to initiate cervical ripening)

223
Q

Labor that is completed in FEWER THAN 3 HOURS

A

PRECIPITATE LABOR

224
Q

Types of Breech Delivery:

Baby assumes SITTING POSITION with both BUTTOCKS and FLEXED FEET present to the cervix

A

COMPLETE

225
Q

Types of Breech Delivery:

BUTTOCKS alone present to the cervix

A

FRANK

226
Q

Types of Breech Delivery:

Either one or both FEET goes outside the vagina

A

FOOTLING

227
Q

What is an EXPECTED FINDING in Breech Delivery?

A

MECONIUM STAINING

228
Q

A condition in which VASOSPASM occurs during pregnancy in both small and large arteries

A

PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION

229
Q

CLASSIC SIGNS of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH)

H-P-E-V

A
  1. HYPERTENSION after 20th week AOG
  2. PROTEINURIA
  3. EDEMA
  4. VISION CHANGES
230
Q

4 General Classifications of PIH

A
  1. Gestational Hypertension
  2. Mild Pre-eclampsia
  3. Severe Pre-eclampsia
  4. Eclampsia
231
Q

Classification of PIH:

ELEVATED Blood Pressure (140/90mmHg)

NO Proteinuria
NO Edema

A

GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION

232
Q

Classification of PIH:

BP: 160/110mmHg

EXTENSIVE Edema
MARKED PROTEINURIA (3+ or 4+)
Epigastric Pain
Thrombocytopenia

A

SEVERE PRE ECLAMPSIA

233
Q

Classification of PIH:

BP: 140/90mmHg

(+) PROTEINURIA
(-) EDEMA

A

MILD PRE ECLAMPSIA

234
Q

Classification of PIH:

MOST SEVERE classification of PIH
GRAND MAL seizure or COMA occurs

A

ECLAMPSIA

235
Q

MAIN GOAL of treatment for SEVERE Pre eclampsia

A

PREVENTION OF SEIZURE

236
Q

DRUG OF CHOICE during Severe Pre eclampsia

A

MAGNESIUM SULFATE (decreases BP)

237
Q

Recommended DIET to prevent Pre eclampsia

A

LOW SODIUM DIET

238
Q

ADDITIONAL DRUGS given to pt experiencing Eclampsia aside from Magnesium Sulfate

A

FUROSEMIDE (diuretic)

DIGITALIS (digoxin)

239
Q

Position of pt DURING seizure

A

TURN PATIENT TO SIDE

R: To promote drainage of saliva

240
Q

Non-pharmacological Intervention to PREVENT seizure from occurring

A

PROVIDE A NON STIMULATING ENVIRONMENT (dim room, limit visitors)

241
Q

What should always be prepared at the bedside of a pt with Eclampsia?

A

SUCTION MACHINE

242
Q

HELLP Syndrome stands for

A

HEMOLYSIS, ELEVATED LIVER ENZYMES, LOW PLATELET (HELLP Syndrome)

243
Q

CLASSIC MANIFESTATIONS of HELLP Syndrome

A
  1. PROTEINURIA
  2. EDEMA
  3. RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT TENDERNESS (due to inflammation of liver)
244
Q

MANAGEMENT to correct LOW PLATELET in HELLP Syndrome

A

TRANSFUSION OF FRESH FROZEN PLASMA OR PLATELETS

245
Q

Can EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA be done on a pt with HELLP Syndrome?

A

NO!

R: Low platelet count may increase possibility of BLEEDING at epidural site

246
Q

A condition of abnormal GLUCOSE METABOLISM that arises during pregnancy

A

GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

247
Q

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE to check for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a pregnant woman

A

50-g ORAL GLUCOSE CHALLENGE TEST

248
Q

Management for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

A
  1. DAILY CALORIE INTAKE OF ONLY 1,800 to 2,000kcal/day
  2. NO SIMPLE SUGARS AND SATURATED FATS
  3. EXERCISE
249
Q

Why are ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS contraindicated for pregnant women?

A

IT IS TERATOGENIC

250
Q

Instead of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, what should be done to control GDM?

A

INSULIN THERAPY

251
Q

MOST RELIABLE indicator of Fetal well-being

A

FHR VARIABILITY

252
Q

FOUR RESPONSES of FHR Variability

A-E-L-V

A
  1. ACCELERATIONS
  2. EARLY DECELERATION
  3. LATE DECELERATION
  4. VARIABLE DECELERATION
253
Q

Four Responses of Variability:

Temporary NORMAL INCREASES in FHR due to fetal movement, change in maternal position, administration of analgesic

A

ACCELERATIONS

254
Q

Four Responses of Variability:

BEGINS and ENDS with contractions; occurs LATE in labor

Due to FETAL HEAD COMPRESSION

A

EARLY DECELERATION

255
Q

Four Responses of Variability:

Has an UNPREDICTABLE occurrence;
May be due to FETAL CORD COMPRESSION

A

VARIABLE DECELERATION

256
Q

Four Responses of Variability:

DELAYED until 30 to 40seconds AFTER the onset of contraction and continues beyond the end of contraction

UTEROPLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY is present

A

LATE DECELERATION

257
Q

Management for LATE DECELERATION

A
  1. STOP OR SLOW OXYTOCIN ADMINISTRATION

2. CHANGE POSITION TO LEFT SIDE LYING (Lateral)

258
Q

If Late Decelerations PERSISTS or becomes ABNORMAL (absent or decreased), what should you do?

A

PREPARE FOR POSSIBLE PROMPT BIRTH OF INFANT

259
Q

Management for VARIABLE DECELERATION

A
  1. POSITION LATERALLY OR ON TRENDELENBURG to relieve pressure on cord

VARIABLE DECELERATION = FETAL CORD COMPRESSION

260
Q

Normal odor of Lochia

A

MUSTY

Foul smell = Infection

261
Q

MOST COMMON CAUSE of Early Postpartum Hemorrhage

A

UTERINE ATONY (soft boggy uterus)

262
Q

Pain upon DORSIFLEXION of foot on Postpartum pts indicate

A

(+) HOMAN’S SIGN = THROMBOPHLEBITIS

263
Q

Management for THROMBOPHLEBITIS

A
  1. ANTIBIOTICS

2. ANTICOAGULANT: HEPARIN

264
Q

ANTIDOTE for Heparin

A

PROTAMINE SULFATE

PNLE (9 decks)

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