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History > PEACEMAKING- BINGE REVISION SESSION > Flashcards

PEACEMAKING- BINGE REVISION SESSION Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the armistice?

A

A ceasefire to stop WW1, baseline for the treaty of versailles.

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2
Q

Where was the armistice at the end of the First World War signed?

A

railway carriage in Compiegne, France

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3
Q

When was the armistice signed at the end of the First World War?

A

5:12am on 11th November 1918, although it was agreed the ceasefire would begin at 11am on the 11th day of the 11th month

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4
Q

What were the terms of the armistice at the end of the First World War?

A
  • German troops were to leave France and Belgium within 14 days
  • German troops had to demilitarise and leave the rhineland
  • Established WGC 231: Germany would be blamed for the war and pay reparations for the damage that resulted from the war
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5
Q

What did the armistice lead to?

A

The Treaty of Versailles

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6
Q

At what event was the Treaty of Versailles established?

A

Paris Peace Conference

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7
Q

Where was the Treaty of Versailles made?

A

Palace of Versailles in France

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8
Q

Who were the Big Three?

A

Georges Clemenceau, the Prime Minister of France;

David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of Britain; and American

President Woodrow Wilson.

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9
Q

How many soldiers and civilians had died during WW1 in France causing Clemenceau to seek revenge against Germany?

A

France had suffered the loss of 1.4 million soldiers and 300,000 civilians in the First World War.

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10
Q

How many times has Clemenceau seen France invaded by Germany in his lifetime?

A

Twice

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11
Q

What were Georges Clemenceau’s aims for the peace settlement?

A

❖He wanted Germany punished and to pay reparations for the damage caused.

❖He wanted an independent Rhineland in order to make Germany weak and defenceless, and to protect France from future attack.

❖He wanted the German Army disbanded to prevent any future attack on France.

❖Germany had taken the French region of Alsace-Lorraine in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71. Clemenceau wanted it returned.

❖He believed the Saar Basin, a rich coal-mining region of Germany, should be given to France.

❖He wanted France to be given many of Germany’s overseas colonies.

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12
Q

How did Clemenceau and DLG disagree with one another?

A
  • Clemenceau disagreed with Lloyd George on the issue of armaments. He wanted Germany’s army completely disbanded, while Lloyd George wanted a strong Germany to act as a buffer against communism.
  • He disagreed with Lloyd George on the issue of reparations. Clemenceau wanted huge reparations from Germany, whereas Lloyd George wanted an economically stable Germany for Britain to trade with.
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13
Q

How did Wilson and Clemenceau disagree with one another?

A

-Clemenceau disagreed with Wilson on assigning blame for the war. France wanted a settlement based on revenge and for Germany to accept full blame, whereas Wilson wanted a settlement that would encourage world peace.

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14
Q

What type of person was DLG?

A

David Lloyd George was a pragmatist, motivated to get the best deal for Britain from the peace settlement at the end of the war, thus aiming for Naval and Imperial supremacy.

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15
Q

What was DLGs election promise? And what other slogans did he coin?

A

‘Make Germany pay’

‘Hang the Kaiser’

‘Squeeze the German lemon till the pip squeak’

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16
Q

What were David Lloyd George’s aims publicly?

A

❖He was re-elected in November 1918 on the promise he would ‘make Germany pay’.

❖He wanted to retain naval supremacy; therefore he wanted to see Germany’s navy reduced.

❖He wanted to reduce the German Empire and preserve the British Empire.

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17
Q

What David Lloyd Georges’ aims privately?

A
  • He did not want a tough treaty as he wanted a strong Germany for trade and to act as a buffer against the communist USSR which he believed to be a bigger threat
  • He wanted to avoid war at all cost, therefore wanted fair treaty to ensure Germany does not seek revenge
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18
Q

How did David Lloyd George agree on with the other Big Three leaders in relation to the peace settlement?

A

-He agreed with Wilson that Germany should not pay high reparations for the cost of the war, as he wanted an economically strong Germany to trade with.

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19
Q

How did Clemenceau and DLG disagree with one another?

A
  • Lloyd George disagreed with Clemenceau over the issue of German armament. He wanted Germany to remain militarily strong, to act as a buffer against communism, whereas Clemenceau wanted Germany weak and defenceless.
  • Lloyd George disagreed with Clemenceau over the issue of reparations. Lloyd George wanted an economically stable Germany for Britain to trade with, whereas Clemenceau wanted Germany to pay huge reparations.
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20
Q

How did Wilson and DLG disagree with one another?

A
  • Woodrow Wilson disagreed with David Lloyd George over his wish for British naval supremacy, as Wilson believed in freedom of the seas
  • Lloyd George disagreed with Wilson over ambitions for the British Empire. Lloyd George wanted to expand the empire, whereas Wilson believed in the idea of national self-determination.
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21
Q

Where were Wilson aims for the Paris Peace Conference written?

A

14 points

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22
Q

Give some examples of Wilson’s 14 points.

A
  • Self Determination
  • Disarmament
  • Banning of Secret Treaties
  • Formation of the League of Nations
  • Creation of Danzing
  • Returning of Alsace-Lloraine to France
  • Freedom of the Seas
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23
Q

What was Wilson classified as?

A

An Idealist

the world ‘must be made fit and safe to live in’ for all

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24
Q

How many years did USA spend in the war?

A

1917, one year before the end.

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25
Q

No fighting had occured on _______ soil.

A

American

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26
Q

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

A

28th June, 1919

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27
Q

Due to the TOV, the german army was reduced to what?

A

100,000 men

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28
Q

After the TOV, the German Navy (Reichsmarine) was reduced to ________ men and it had _______ officers. Only __ battleships were permitted and ____ submarines.

A
  • 15,000
  • 1500
  • 6
  • 0
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29
Q

The _______ was demilitarised.

A

Rhineland

30
Q

Germany was also banned from having a ___________ (Luftstreitkräfte)

A

Airforce

31
Q

__________ was banned so all soldiers had to be volunteers.

A

Conscription

32
Q

No ______ or armoured cars were allowed

A

tanks

33
Q

What were reparations set at by Article 232?

A

£6.6 billion, set in 1921.

34
Q

What did War Guilt Clause 231 mean?

A

Germany would have to accept full blame for the war. This led to to Article 232.

35
Q

______________ was returned to France, after Germany had taken it in 1871.

A

Alsace-Lloraine

36
Q

What Polish port-town was made a free city?

A

Danzig

37
Q

What were given as mandates Britain and France?

A

All 11 german colonies

38
Q

What german territory rich in coal was handed to the League of Nationa to be administered for 15 years?

A

Saar

39
Q

What percentage of German land was lost?

A

12.5%

40
Q

What percentage of German population was lost?

A

10%

41
Q

What was prohibited between Germany and Austria in the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Anschluss

42
Q

Was DLG re-elected?

A

Yes, headlined as Hero in newspapers due to the TOV.

43
Q

Was Clemenceau re-elected

A

No, French did not believe the treaty was harsh enough.

44
Q

What did the US Senate decide after thee TOV?

A

They decided to take a stance of isolationism, and not get involved with costly European wars.

45
Q

Why was harshness of the TOV justified?

A

Germany had imposed a much more harsher peace treaty on Russia in March 1918, with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which took 25% of Russian land.

46
Q

What did the German people call the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Diktat (dictated peace)

47
Q

What did the German people call those who signed the armistice?

A

November Criminals

48
Q

What percent of Germany’s iron reserves did they lose?

A

50%

49
Q

What percent of Germany’s coal reserves did they lose?

A

16%

50
Q

What was considered unfair about the Versailles Settlement?

A

❖Six million Germans were displaced and had to live in other countries, despite Wilson’s principle of self-determination. They feared persecution as they had been forced to accept responsibility for the war.

❖The Treaty of Lausanne undermined any arguments about fairness regarding the Versailles Treaty.

51
Q

Who was affected by the Treaty of St Germain?

A

The Treaty of St Germain affected Austria.

52
Q

The treaty of St Germain banned what and disbanded what?

A

Anschluss, and disbanded the Austro-Hungarian empire

53
Q

What new country was formed through the loss of Austrian land due to the Treaty of St Germain?

A

Yugoslavia

54
Q

The Austrian army was limited to ________ men.

A

30,000

55
Q

How much reparations did Austria have to pay because of the treaty of St Germain?

A

They were agreed in principle but were never set.

56
Q

What treaty affected Hungary?

A

The Treaty of Trianon

57
Q

The treaty of Trianon caused the break up of the?

A

Austro-Hungarian Empire

58
Q

What new country was made from Hungarian land?

A

Yugoslavia

59
Q

How much land did Hungary lose?

A

66%

60
Q

How much of its population did Hungary lose?

A

33%

61
Q

The Hungarian army was limited to _______ troops.

A

30,000

62
Q

How much reparations did Hungary have to pay because of the treaty of Trianon?

A

They were agreed in principle but were never set.

63
Q

What happened to the Treaty of Sevres imposed on Turkey?

A

Changed to the treaty of Lausanne as Turkish people were outraged and rioted. Highlighted the unfairness of the treaties as Britain were willing to undermine them.

64
Q

What new country was made from German land?

A

Poland

65
Q

What new countries were made from the Treaty of Trianon and St Germain?

A

Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia

66
Q

What gave Poland access to the sea, separating Germany and west prussia?

A

The polish corridor

67
Q

What was Georges Clemenceau satisfied with about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • WGC 231
  • Militaristic reductions
  • Demilitarisation of the Rhineland
  • Mandates
  • 6.6 billion reparations
  • Collecting coal from Saar for 15 years
68
Q

What was David Lloyd George satisfied with about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • reparations
  • massive naval reductions
  • mandates and territorial reductions
69
Q

What was Woodrow Wilson satisfied with about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • He was happy that the League of Nations was created. This would have satisfied his aim for countries to work together to establish a lasting peace.
  • He was happy that many small nations that were apart of empires were given independence. This would have satisfied his aim for self determination. Especially the disbandment of both the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires
70
Q

What was Georges Clemenceau not satisfied with about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • treaty was not harsh enough therefore was not re-elected
  • he wanted the Rhineland to become an independent state
  • He wanted germany to have no army
  • The war cost France approximately £20 billion, but reparations were too low and set at £6.6 billion
71
Q

What was David Lloyd George not satisfied with about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • Germany was too economically cripped to become a trading partnet of Britains
  • He felt that the treaty was too harsh and as a consequence Britain would have to fight another war in 25 years time.
72
Q

What was Woodrow Wilson not satisfied with about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • most of his 14 points were ignored

- treaty was too harsh Germany would seek a future war

History (22 decks)

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