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History > NORMAN ENGLAND- CHESTERTON > Flashcards

NORMAN ENGLAND- CHESTERTON Flashcards

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1
Q

Which King was the first to give up some of his royal authority?

A

Edward the Confessor

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2
Q

Name the 4 contenders for the throne in 1066?

A

Harold Godwinson, Harald Hardrada, Edgar, William Duke of Normandy

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3
Q

What type of promise stated that William would inherit the throne?

A

Post-Obitum

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4
Q

What type of promise stated that Harold would inherit the throne ?

A

Novissima Verba

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5
Q

Which two earls were in charge of the Saxons at Fulford Gate?

A

Edwin and Morcar

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6
Q

What Battle led to the deaths of Hardrada and Tostig?

A

Stanford Bridge

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7
Q

William had the support of whom? It was apparent due to papal banner.

A

The Pope (William had promised to reform the corrupt English churches)

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8
Q

What was Harold’s main tactic on Senlac hill during the Battle of Hastings?

A

Shield Wall

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9
Q

When was William crowned King?

A

Christmas Day 1066

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10
Q

Harold had two main types of soldiers?

A

The housecarls and fyrd

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11
Q

What was the tactic William used to break the English shield wall at Hastings?

A

Feigned Retreat

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12
Q

Who died at the Battle of Hastings?

A

Harold Godwinson

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13
Q

Where did Edgar and the leading earls swear loyalty to William?

A

Berkhamsted

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14
Q

Which city rebelled against William in 1068 and lasted 18 days before surrendering?

A

Exeter (led by Harold’s mum Gytha was involved)

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15
Q

Who was beheaded during the rebellion of the Norman Earls?

A

Waltheof

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16
Q

What type of castles did William first build? Where was the first one built?

A

Motte and Bailey

Pevensey

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17
Q

Who rebelled against William along the Welsh Border?

A

Edric the Wild

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18
Q

Who rebelled against William by attacking Dover castle?

A

Eustace but he was defeated

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19
Q

What happened to the North in 1069 after rebels killed Earl Robert and 900 of his men?

A

Harrying of the North

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20
Q

Who had a grudge against William the Conqueror as they had killed his brother?

A

Hereward the Wake

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21
Q

Who betrayed Hereward and helped William attack him?

A

Monks from the Abbey

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22
Q

Who teamed up with the English rebels in 1069 helping to capture the castle in York?

A

Danes

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23
Q

How did William get the Vikings to leave in 1069?

A

Paid them

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24
Q

Which famous Abbey was used by Hereward as a base to rebel against William?

A

Ely Abbey

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25
Q

Who replaced the Earls in the feudal system?

A

The Barons (there were 6 earls replaced by 200 Barons and Bishops)

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26
Q

What ordeal was added to the law system by the Normans?

A

Ordeal by combat (Fire and water already existed, the church was involved in all 3)

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27
Q

What was the name of the book created to help William I tax his kingdom?

A

Domesday book

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28
Q

What key word means that only the eldest son would inherit land?

A

Primogeniture (this reduced the amount of landowners giving William I more control)

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29
Q

Servitium debitum meant tenants-in-chief (land owners) had to provide an agreed number of what for 40 days a year?

A

Knights

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30
Q

Land distribution changed under the Normans. It was the main way William I imposed control. What percentage of land did William I own?

A

20%

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31
Q

By 1100 the King could call on about 5000 knights. What did knights swear to their lords?

A

Oath of Fealty

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32
Q

William kept some features of Anglo-Saxon government. England was still divided into 134 what?

A

Shires

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33
Q

William I gave the impression of continuity by issuing orders as what?

A

Royal writs

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34
Q

William I dealt with the Welsh border by granting land to his most trusted supporters. These marcher Lords has special powers. What could they build without the King’s permission?

A

Castle

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35
Q

William I used what system to give him enormous powers of patronage?

A

Feudal System

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36
Q

What type of court dealt with serious crimes like treason and murder?

A

Kings Court

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37
Q

Which type of court was introduced by William I to allow Lord’s to deal with tenants disputes and cases of crime while supervising property transactions?

A

The Lord’s Court

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38
Q

What fine meant that if a Norman was killed by an English person, the local community had 5 days to hand over the killer or face a heavy fine?

A

Murdrum fines

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39
Q

In 1085 what did William I create to tell him what land and property there was, who owned it, and what it was worth?

A

Domesday book

40
Q

There was no police force in medieval times. Name the 4 ways Normans enforced the law?

A

Watchmen, tithing, hue and cry and constables

41
Q

What is this a definition of? A group of freemen promised to keep each other out of trouble. If one committed a crime the rest had to report him or they would all be punished?

A

Tithing

42
Q

England’s 134 shires were divided into 7 regions and William’s commissioners visited every manor in under a year. How many places did they visit?

A

13,400

43
Q

Daily life in villages remained much the same. What month was the most important of the year when the harvest happened, and sheep were sheared?

A

June

44
Q

What two food types did the rich not eat as they were seen as food for the poor?

A

Dairy and Vegetable

45
Q

Some villages fell in value. Pickering fell from £88 to how much due to the Harrying of the North?

A

£1

46
Q

Which type of court would solve a dispute over ploughing?

A

Manors Court

47
Q

What group of people were brought to England to manage finance and fund business?

A

Jewish Moneylenders

48
Q

Trade increased as England was now connected to Europe. Which trade did well from cloth markets in Flanders?

A

Wool

49
Q

What percentage of the population lived in Norman towns?

A

5%

50
Q

Town citizens (burgesses) had special freedoms such as the right to be tried only in what court?

A

30,000

51
Q

There were opportunities to join a trade in the town. Young men could be an apprentice for how many years before becoming a journeyman then a master craftsman?

A

7 years

52
Q

By 1086, how many towns had a population over 2000?

A

18

53
Q

There were a wider variety of jobs in the town. Name one.

A

Baker, blacksmiths, amourers

54
Q

Around what features were new towns built?

A

Nears castles, rivers, coasts, where rebellious populations were

55
Q

What happened to the percentage of slaves under the Normans?

A

Reduced to less than 10% of the population as the church frowned upon slavery

56
Q

What was it called when you held more than one position in the church?

A

Pluralism

57
Q

What was the term for buying positions in the church?

A

Simony

58
Q

How was Edward the Confessor related to Harold Godwinson?

A

They were brothers in law (Edward the Confessor even made Harold sub-regulus)

59
Q

Name one of the 4 main problems with the English Church William I wanted to reform?

A

Simony, pluralism, nepotism, priests being married

60
Q

What type of vow had many of the English clergy broken by getting married?

A

Celibacy

61
Q

Who was appointed as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1070?

A

Lanfranc

62
Q

What two new positions did Lanfranc introduce into the church?

A

Deans and Arch Deacons

63
Q

Who became Archbishop of Canterbury a year after Lanfranc died at the request of Rufus?

A

Anselm

64
Q

What two things did Lanfranc create to help reform the church?

A

Church courts and synods

65
Q

What happened to the number of parish churches from 1070-1170?

A

They doubled

66
Q

By the early 1100’s the Normans had knocked down nearly every Anglo-Saxon Cathedral. Where were cathedrals moved to?

A

Large towns and cities

67
Q

What style were Norman cathedrals built in? This included thick walls, rounded arches and sturdy pillars.

A

Romanesque

68
Q

In what type of court did Rufus put the Bishop of Durham, William of St Calais, on trial?

A

The King’s court (demonstrating his authority over the church)

69
Q

What 3 vows did the Benedictine monks and nuns follow?

A

Poverty, chastity and obedience

70
Q

William I originally had a good relationship with Pope Alexander. Which pope did William I refuse to swear loyalty to?

A

Pope Gregory

71
Q

Most monasteries in England belonged to which strict religious order?

A

Benedictine

72
Q

Lanfranc introduced monastic reforms from 1077. What in particular did he reform?

A

The liturgy

73
Q

The Normans gradually replaced English Church Leaders. By 1086 how many Anglo- Saxon abbots were left?

A

3

74
Q

Lanfranc’s reforms dramatically increased monasticism. The number of monks and nuns rose from 1000 to what?

A

5000

75
Q

What was the name of the first English University? It was the first and only one until 1209

A

Oxford

76
Q

What reappeared under William Rufus in the church?

A

Simony (Ranulf Flambard paid £1000 to be Bishop of Durham)

77
Q

Many monasteries became what? There were 24 in England by 1135

A

Cluniac

78
Q

Monasteries had a significant impact on education. Many more church schools were formed under the Normans. Name one of the 5 areas they focused on.

A

Bible studies, Latin, Law, Music and Maths

79
Q

Peasants continued to speak English but upper and middle classes were increasingly taught Norman-French. This developed into Anglo-Norman the main language used in schools and courts. How many modern English words today are based on French?

A

25%, a quarter

80
Q

Who was put on trial by Rufus as he had not provided troops to stop a rebellion?

A

William of St Calais

81
Q

Who did not replace Lanfranc when he died as he wanted to keep the income from his church estates but finally encouraged Anselm to take over?

A

William Rufus

82
Q

What was the official language used by the government, the church and merchants across Europe?

A

Latin

83
Q

Who became King in 1100 and had a dispute about lay investiture, whether the king could give new bishops the symbol of their position?

A

Henry II

84
Q

What Battle led to Edwin and Morcar fleeing and a victory for Hardrada?

A

Fulford Gate

85
Q

All peasants had to pay what to the church?

A

10% tax called a tithe

86
Q

Towns like Drotiwich grew as a result of the production and sale of what?

A

Salt

87
Q

What day did peasants get off?

A

Sunday ( a holy day to go to church or take part in fairs and festivals)

88
Q

Markets and fairs were popular in Norman England. How many grants did William give out ?

A

2800

89
Q

How many rooms did a peasants house have?

A

1

90
Q

What type of system did peasant’s use to grow crops? There were no closed fences.

A

Open field system

91
Q

In 1064 William claimed that Harold had sworn on what to support his claim?

A

Holy relics

92
Q

Who revolted against William I in 1075?

A

Norman Earls

93
Q

What recorded the Battle of Hastings from a Norman point of view?

A

Bayeux Tapestry (William’s half brother Bishop Odo was in charge of its creation)

94
Q

William was Duke of Normandy from what age?

A

7

95
Q

What percentage of land did the church hold in Norman England?

A

25%

96
Q

Who were William’s three sons and what did they get when he died?

A

William Rufus got England, Robert Cuthose got Normandy and Henry 1st got £5000

History (22 decks)

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