P.E: Skill aquisition

Question 1

ACEFACE

Answer 1

Aesthetically pleasing
Coordinated/controlled 
Efficient
Fluent
Accurate
Consistent
Economical

Question 2

Skill

Answer 2

The learned ability to bring about a predetermined result with minimum time and energy.

Question 3

Open skill

Answer 3

A skill performed in an unpredictable environment.

Question 4

Closed skill

Answer 4

A skill performed in a predictable environment.

Question 5

Fine skill

Answer 5

A skill that uses smaller muscle groups.

Question 6

Gross skill

Answer 6

A skill that uses larger muscle groups.

Question 7

Self-paced skill

Answer 7

When the performer controls the start and speed of the skill.

Question 8

Externally-paced skill.

Answer 8

When the performer has not control of the start and speed of the skill.

Question 9

Discrete skill

Answer 9

When the skill has a clear beginning and end.

Question 10

Serial skill

Answer 10

A skill that contains many discrete skills in order to make a more integrated movement.

Question 11

Low organised skill

Answer 11

A skill that is easily broken down into parts.

Question 12

High organised skill

Answer 12

A skill that is not easily broken down into parts.

Question 13

Simple skill

Answer 13

A skill that requires few decisions when being performed.

Question 14

Complex skill

Answer 14

A skill that requires decision making using lots of information when being performed.

Question 15

Transfer

Answer 15

The effect of the learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another.

Question 16

Positive transfer

Answer 16

When the learning of one skill aids the learning of another.

Question 17

Negative transfer

Answer 17

When the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another.

Question 18

Zero transfer

Answer 18

When the learning of one skill has no effect on the learning of another.

Question 19

Bilateral transfer

Answer 19

When the learning of a skill is passed across the body from limb to limb.

Question 20

Whole practice

Answer 20

Practising the skill in it’s entirety.

Question 21

Whole-part-whole practice

Answer 21

Assessing the skill, identifying a weakness to practice, then putting the skill back together.

Question 22

Progressive part practice

Answer 22

Practising the first part of the skill, then adding parts gradually, sometimes called chaining.

Question 23

Chaining

Answer 23

Linking the sub-routines, or parts of a task, together in order when practising. The first two parts are learned, then the third part is added, that part is learned and then added to the other two.

Question 24

Massed practice

Answer 24

No rest intervals

Question 25

Distributed practice

Answer 25

Rest intervals

Question 26

Mental practice

Answer 26

Going over the skill in the mind without movement.

Question 27

Varied practice

Answer 27

Changing the practice type and the practice drills.

Question 28

Learning

Answer 28

A permanent change in behaviour as a result of practice.

Question 29

Performance

Answer 29

A temporary occurrence that can change from time to time due to many external and internal influences.

Question 30

Cognitive stage of learning

Answer 30

The first stage of learning used by a novice. Understanding and sub-routines are explored by trial and error.

Question 31

Associative stage of learning

Answer 31

The second stage of learning, as motor programmes are developed and performance is smoother.

Question 32

Autonomous stage of learning

Answer 32

The final stage of learning used by an expert when movement is detailed and specific.

Question 33

Feedback

Answer 33

Information to aid error correction

Question 34

Positive feedback

Answer 34

Encouragment

Question 35

Negative feedback

Answer 35

Error correction

Question 36

Extrinsic feedback

Answer 36

From an outside source

Question 37

Intrinsic feedback

Answer 37

From within

Question 38

Knowledge of results

Answer 38

Concerns the outcome

Question 39

Knowledge of performance

Answer 39

About technique

Question 40

Plateau

Answer 40

A period of no improvement in performance.

Question 41

Drive reduction

Answer 41

An end-of-task period when performance might get worse.

Question 42

Visual guidance

Answer 42

Guidance that can be seen, a demonstration.

Question 43

Verbal guidance

Answer 43

An explanation

Question 44

Manual guidance

Answer 44

Physical support

Question 45

Mechanical guidance

Answer 45

An artificial aid

Question 46

Operant conditioning

Answer 46

The use of reinforcement to ensure that correct responses are repeated.

Question 47

Behaviourist theory

Answer 47

This attempts to explain how actions can be linked to stimuli.

Question 48

Satisfier

Answer 48

An action that promotes a pleasant feeling so that responses are repeated.

Question 49

Annoyer

Answer 49

An action that creates unease to promote the avoidance of incorrect responses.

Question 50

Positive reinforcement

Answer 50

A pleasant stimulus after the correct response.

Question 51

Negative reinforcement

Answer 51

Taking away an unpleasant stimulus after the correct response.

Question 52

Punishment

Answer 52

An unpleasant stimulus to prevent incorrect actions from being repeated.

Question 53

Attention

Answer 53

Making the demonstration attractive to the performer.

Question 54

Retension

Answer 54

Remembering the demonstration and being able to recall it.

Question 55

Motor reproduction

Answer 55

Having the mental and physical ability to do the task.

Question 56

Motivation

Answer 56

Having the drive to do the task.

Question 57

Social development

Answer 57

Learning by associating with others.

Question 58

Inter-psychological learning

Answer 58

Learning from others extrinsically.

Question 59

Intra-psychological learning

Answer 59

Learning using others or an MKO to develop knowledge.

Question 60

Constructivism

Answer 60

Building up learning in stages, based on the current level of performance. What can I do alone? What can I do with help? What can I not yet do?

Question 61

Zone of proximal development

Answer 61

The next stage of development based on a performers needs, expectations and current level of performance.

Question 62

Insight learning

Answer 62

Using experience and understanding to solve problems relating to the whole skill.