Biology: Carbohydrates

Question 1

Monosaccharide

Answer 1

One sugar molecule

Question 2

Disaccharide

Answer 2

Two sugar molecules

Question 3

Polysaccharide

Answer 3

More than two sugar molecules

Question 4

Examples of monosaccharides

Answer 4

Glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 5

Examples of disaccharides

Answer 5

Sucrose, maltose, lactose

Question 6

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 6

Starch, cellulose, glycogen

Question 7

Sucrose

Answer 7

1 glucose and 1 fructose molecule

Question 8

Maltose

Answer 8

2 glucose molecules

Question 9

Lactose

Answer 9

1 glucose and 1 galactose molecule

Question 10

Starch

Answer 10

Starch is found in plants and can either be amylose or amylopectin. It’s spiral shape makes it very compact, furthermore, it is insoluble so does not effect a cells osmosis. These factors make it a good storage molecule. Commonly found in Cereal, bread and fruit.

Question 11

Amylose

Answer 11

A long chain of glucose molecules, joined together by 1-4 glycolytic bonds, formed in a condensation reaction.

Question 12

Amylopectin

Answer 12

Similar in structure to amylase, except it has branches coming off of the main spiral, attached to the chain by 1-6 glycolytic.

Question 13

Glycogen

Answer 13

Glycogen is a storage molecule in animals. It is stored in the liver and muscles within animals. The reason it is such a good storage molecule is because it has many branches coming off the main chain, allowing for easy hydrolysation to provide glucose for respiration.

Question 14

Cellulose

Answer 14

Cellulose is comprised of a long chain of up to 10,000 glucose molecules, containing no branches. It is known to us as dietary fibre and is thought to play an important role in the dietary tract, helping to prevent diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes and bowel cancer.