PCV and Microscope

Question 1

Functions of Blood and the Circulatory System (7)

Answer 1

• Transport of O2 and CO2
• Transport nutrients and waste products
• Controls pH and water content
• Maintains body temp
• Hormones
• Immunity
• Coagulation

Question 2

CBC Components

Answer 2

• RBC count
• WBC count
• Differential cell count
• HCT or PCV
• TP
• Platelet estimation / count

Question 3

Light Source vs Magnification

Answer 3

Magnification is directly proportional to the degree of the light source
* low magnification = low light source

Question 4

Microscope Parts

Condenser

Answer 4

Concentrates the light to obtain correct brightness for magnification

Question 5

Microscope Parts

Iris Diaphragm

Answer 5

• Contained inside the condenser
• Used for quality of light control
• Opening diaphragm increases magnification

Question 6

Microscope Parts

Revolving Objectives

Answer 6

Start exam on low power
* 4x = scan
* 10x = low power
* 40x = high power
* 100x = oil immersion (use oil sparingly)

Question 7

HCT / PCV

Answer 7

Rough estimate of percentage of RBC in a given sample

Question 8

Normal PCV

Answer 8

• Dogs: 45% (37-55)
• Cats: 37% (24-45)

Question 9

Info Obtained from Spun PCV

Answer 9

• PCV Percentage
• TP
• Buffy Coat
• Plasma Color
• Microfilaria Check

Question 10

Spun PCV

Microfilaria Check

Answer 10

• Place spun PCV tube on microscrope
• Focus just above buffy coat
• Will see them swimming here if positive

Question 11

Buffy Coat

Answer 11

• Dividing point in a PCV tube
• Consists of WBCs and platelets

Question 12

Buffy Coat Normal

Answer 12

Between 1-2% on reader
* increased = infection
* decreased = low WBC

Question 13

Total Protein Normal

Answer 13

6.0 - 7.5 g/dl

Question 14

PCV and Hydration Status

Answer 14

• Increases with dehydration
• Decreases with overhydration, renal dz, GI loss, liver dz

Question 15

TP

Answer 15

Estimation of plasma protein alterations
* very basic and general interpretations only possible

Question 16

Serum

Answer 16

Liquid portion of clotted blood

Question 17

Plasma

Answer 17

• Liquid portion of whole blood
• Contains coagulation factors

Question 18

Normal Serum Colors

Answer 18

• Clear = dogs, cats, and pigs
• Yellow = cows and horses

Question 19

Serum Color

Hemolysis

Answer 19

• Is it real or not?
• Intravascular or extravascular?

Question 20

Serum Color

Myoglobin

Answer 20

Brownish reddish color

Question 21

Serum Color

Lipemia

Answer 21

Gives white color to serum

Question 22

Plasma Color

Normal

Answer 22

Straw or Clear

Question 23

Plasma Color

White

Answer 23

Lipemic due to eating prior to sample or hyperlipidemia (schnauzers)
* falsely elevates TP
* affects other serum chemistries

Question 24

Plasma Color

Yellow

Answer 24

Icteric - liver / hemolytic dz

Question 25

Plasma Color

Red / Pink

Answer 25

Hemolysis
* poor sampling
* intravascular hemolysis

Question 26

PCV / TP Readings

Dehydration

Answer 26

• PCV = Increased
• TP = Increased

Question 27

PCV / TP Readings

Anemic

Answer 27

• PCV = Decreased
• TP = Normal

Question 28

PCV / TP Readings

Anemic w/ Dehydration

Answer 28

• PCV = Decreased
• TP = Increased

Question 29

PCV / TP Readings

Protein Loss / Liver Dz / Burns

Answer 29

• PCV = Normal
• TP = Decreased

Question 30

PCV / TP Readings

Abnormal Event

Answer 30

• PCV may remain stable for 6 hrs post trauma due to vasoconstriction and spleenic contraction
• TP will be the first to fall

Question 31

RBC Parameters in CBC

Answer 31

• PCV
• RBC Count
• Hemoglobin (Hgb) Determination
• RBC Morphology

Question 32

Determine RBC Count

Answer 32

PCV / 6
* label with ×10^6 /uL

Question 33

RBC Normal Range

Answer 33

6-7 x 10^6 uL

Question 34

Determine Hgb

Answer 34

PCV / 3
* label with g/dl

Question 35

Hbg Normal Range

Answer 35

• Dogs: 12-18 g/dL
• Cats: 8-15 g/dL