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Blood > Internal Parasites > Flashcards

Internal Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Direct Life Cycle

A

No intermediate host needed for developement to infective stage

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1
Q

Indirect Life Cycle

A

Intermediate host needed for developement to infective stage

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2
Q

Intermediate Host

A

Host that supports the immature or non-reproductive form of a parasite

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3
Q

Paratenic / Dead-end Host

A

Host where parasite has no further developement

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4
Q

Definitive Host

A
  • Final host
  • Hosts the sexually mature adults
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5
Q

Prepatent Period

A

Period between parasitic infection and time where parasite can be detected in blood/feces

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6
Q

Roundworms

A
  • Ascarids
  • “Toxocara”
  • Located in small intestines
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7
Q

Roundworm Transmission

A
  • Egg ingestion
  • Mom to babies via embryo transfer or nursing
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8
Q

Roundworm Symptoms

A

Puppies / Kittens
* vomiting
* diarrhea
* enlarged abdomen
* dull haircoat

Adults
* no clinical signs or diarrhea

Rare
* intestinal blockage
* anemia

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9
Q
A

Roundworm

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10
Q

Roundworm Treatment

A
  • Fenbendazole / Panacur
  • Pyrantel
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11
Q

Roundworm Zoonosis

A

Humans are paratenic hosts
* visceral larval migrans (liver / lungs)
* ocular larval migrans (eye)

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12
Q

Roundworm Prevention

A
  • Remove feces and clean kennels
  • Proper hygiene
  • Deworming mom prior to breeding
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13
Q

Hookworms

A
  • Strongyloidea
  • “Ancylostoma”
  • Located in small intestines
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14
Q
A

Hookworm

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15
Q

Hookworm Transmission

A
  • Ingestion of larva
  • Larva penetration into skin
  • Mom to babies via embryo transfer or nursing
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16
Q

Hookworm Symptoms

A
  • Anemia
  • Diarrhea
  • Underweight
  • Distended abdomen
  • Poor hair coat
  • Inappetence
  • Dermatitis from penetration into skin
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17
Q

Hookworm Treatment

A
  • Fenbendazole / Panacur
  • Pyrantel
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18
Q

Hookworm Zoonosis

A

Humans are paratenic hosts
* cutaneous larval migrans (skin)

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19
Q

Hookworm Prevention

A
  • Remove feces and clean kennels
  • Proper hygiene (don’t walk barefoot)
  • Deworm mom prior to breeding
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20
Q

Intestinal Threadworms

A
  • Strongyloides spp.
  • Located in intestines
  • “club-shaped” larva
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21
Q
A

Threadworm

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22
Q

Whipworms

A
  • Trichuroidea
  • “Trichuris”
  • Found in cecum and colon
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23
Q
A

Whipworm

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24
Q

Whipworm Transmission

A

Ingestion of eggs from contaminated environment

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25
Q

Whipworm Symptoms

A
  • Can be asymptomatic
  • Colitis / Diarrhea
  • Weight loss
  • Anemia
26
Q

Whipworm Prevention

A
  • Remove feces and clean kennels
  • Avoid contaminated areas - can survive in soil for months-years
27
Q

Stomach Worm

A
  • Spiruroidea
  • “Physaloptera spp.”
  • Found in stomach lumen and small intestines
28
Q

Types of Nematodes

A
  • Roundworms
  • Hookworms
  • Intestinal Threadworms
  • Whipworms
  • Stomach Worms
  • Heartworms
29
Q

Types of Trematodes

A
  • Intestinal fluke
  • Lung fluke
30
Q

Intestinal Fluke

A
  • Alaria spp.
  • Non-pathogenic
31
Q

Lung Fluke

A
  • Paragonimus spp.
  • Found within the lungs
  • Transmitted by eating snails or crayfish
32
Q

Cestode Body Parts

A

Scolex
* head
* 2-4 muscular suckers +/- hooks

Rostellum
* snout
* on top of head

Strobila
* body

Proglottids
* segments of body that pass into environment
* make up different stages of maturity (immature by neck)

33
Q

Cestode Types

A

Tapeworms
* Dipylidium
* Taenia

34
Q

Dipylidium caninum

A
  • Transmitted: flea ingestion
  • Symptoms: asymptomatic
  • Treatment: Praziquantel / Drontal

Tapeworm

35
Q
A

Dipylidium caninum

36
Q

Taenia spp.

A
  • Transmitted: infected rabbit/hare ingestion
  • Treatment: Praziquantel / Drontal or Fenbendazole / Panacur

Tapeworm

37
Q
A

Taenia spp.

38
Q

Types of Pseudotapeworms

A
  • Spirometra spp.
  • Diphyllobothrium spp.
39
Q

Spirometra spp.

A
  • “Zipper” Tapeworms
  • Transmission: ingestion of amphibian or
    mammalian paratenic hosts
40
Q
A

“Zipper” Tapeworm

41
Q

Broad Fish Tapeworm

A
  • Diphyllobothrium spp.
  • Transmission: ingestion of fish
42
Q
A

Broad Fish Tapeworm

43
Q

Define

Protozoa

A
  • Single-celled organism
  • One or more membrane-bound nuclei
  • Contain DNA and specialized cytoplasmic organelles
44
Q

Protozoa Organelles

A
  • Flagella - long, whiplike structures
  • Cilia – short flagella arranged in rows or tufts
  • Pseudopodia – temporary extensions and retractions of the body wall
  • Undulatory ridges – small, snakelike waves that form in the cell membrane and move posteriorly
45
Q

Protozoa Life Stages

A
  • Trophozoite
  • Cyst Stage
46
Q

Trophozoite

Protozoa Life Stage

A
  • Vegetative form
  • Capable of eating, moving, and reproduction
  • Too fragile to survive transfer to new host
  • Not infectious
47
Q

Cyst Stage

Protozoa Life Stage

A
  • Metabolic functions suspended
  • Cyst wall prevents drying out
  • Transmitted to new host in this form
48
Q

Giardia

A
  • Flagellated protozoa
  • Symptoms: asymptomatic to diarrhea
  • Transmission: ingestion of cysts passed in feces
  • Treatment: Fenbendazole / Panacur and Metronidazole
49
Q
A

Giardia Trophozoite

50
Q
A

Giardia Cyst

51
Q

Giardia Diagnosis

A
  • Cyst - fecal float with zinc sulfate
  • Trophozoite - direct smear
  • Fecal immunodiagnostics
52
Q

Giardia Prevention

A
  • Provide clean water
  • Bathe to remove fecal debris
53
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi

A
  • Chagas Disease
  • Transmitted by the “kissing bug” - defecates by feeding spot on host
  • Zoonotic - contact with contaminated blood
54
Q
A

Trypanosoma cruzi

55
Q

Leishmania spp

A
  • Transmitted: sand fleas
  • Zoonosis: dogs act as reservoir for human disease
56
Q
A

Leishmania spp

57
Q

Coccidia

A
  • Isospora
  • Found in small intestines
  • Not zoonotic (species specific)
58
Q

Coccidia Symptoms

A

Puppies / Kittens
* diarrhea

Adults
* asymptomatic

59
Q

Coccidia Transmission

A
  • Ingestion of sporulated oocyst from soil
  • Ingestion of mammalian paratenic host
60
Q
A

Coccidia

61
Q

Coccidia Treatment

A
  • Albon
  • Ponazuril
62
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Transmission
* eating undercooked meat
* ingestion of oocytes from cat feces (cleaning litter box or gardening)

Zoonotic
* generally not an issue for healthy people
* fetuses of pregnant women can be affected

63
Q

Cryptosporidium spp.

A
  • Transmission - ingestion of eggs from feces (cows)
  • Zoonotic - bad diarrhea

Blood (11 decks)

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