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COURSE AUDIT 1 MODULE 2 > PCOG: VO, RESINS, & RUBBER > Flashcards

PCOG: VO, RESINS, & RUBBER Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of volatile oils?

A

They are odoriferous, optically active, immiscible with water, and soluble in organic solvents.

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2
Q

What is the principal component of essential oils?

A

Terpenes.

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3
Q

What is the function of volatile oils in plants?

A

They act as insect repellants and attractants for fertilization.

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4
Q

Which method is best for obtaining citrus volatile oils?

A

Expression.

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5
Q

What is the difference between fixed oils and volatile oils?

A

Fixed oils cannot be distilled, while volatile oils can be distilled from natural sources.

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6
Q

What is the process of repeated distillation to purify volatile oils called?

A

Cohobation.

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7
Q

What is the method used for glycosidic volatile oils?

A

Enzymatic hydrolysis.

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8
Q

What type of distillation is applied to fresh materials without maceration?

A

Direct steam distillation.

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9
Q

What are the anatomical sources of volatile oils in the Rutaceae family?

A

Schizogenous/lysigenous ducts.

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10
Q

What is the role of anhydrous calcium sulfate in essential oil extraction?

A

It acts as a drying agent to purify essential oils.

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11
Q

What is the primary constituent of volatile oil that forms p-cymene upon hydrogenation?

A

Citral.

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12
Q

What apparatus is commonly used for the extraction of volatile oils?

A

Soxhlet apparatus.

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13
Q

What is a significant advantage of using the Soxhlet extraction method?

A

It is a fast way and preserves quality at controlled temperatures.

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14
Q

What is the disadvantage of the Soxhlet extraction method?

A

It is expensive.

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15
Q

What is enfleurage used for?

A

To obtain small amounts of volatile oil from plant parts like flower petals.

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16
Q

What is the resulting product called when fatty products are impregnated with floral odor?

A

Pomade.

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17
Q

What is the chief solvent used in percolation with volatile solvents?

A

Highly purified petroleum benzene.

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18
Q

What is the process of obtaining oils by heating without access to air called?

A

Destructive distillation.

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19
Q

What are the three broad classes of volatile oils?

A

Terpenoids, Phenylpropanoids, and Aromatic Compounds.

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20
Q

What pathway do terpenoids form through?

A

The acetate-mevalonate acid pathway.

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21
Q

What is the precursor for phenylpropanoids?

A

Cinnamic acid.

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22
Q

What are the two types of monoterpenes based on their structure?

A

Acyclic and cyclic monoterpenes.

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23
Q

What is the formula for Monoterpenes?

A

C10H16.

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24
Q

What is Limonene known for?

A

It is the most widely distributed monoterpene and can be topically applied as treatment for breast cancer.

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25
What is Quinghaosu derived from?
Artemisia annua, and it is a common source for antimalarial agents.
26
What is the formula for Sesquiterpenes?
C15H24.
27
What is the primary use of Neem (Azadirachta indica)?
It is used as an insect repellent.
28
What is the hydrocarbon portion of volatile oils called?
Eleoptene.
29
What is the oxidized hydrocarbon portion of volatile oils called?
Stearoptene.
30
What is Turpentine oil derived from?
Volatile oil from Pinus palustris.
31
What is the primary use of Juniperus communis?
It is used as a diuretic and antiseptic.
32
What is the precursor of guaifenesin?
Guaiacol.
33
What is the scientific name of Peppermint Oil?
Mentha piperita.
34
What is the main constituent of Peppermint Oil?
Menthol.
35
What are the uses of Peppermint Oil?
Carminative, counterirritant, flavor in chewing gums.
36
What is the scientific name of Coriander Oil?
Coriandrium sativum.
37
What is the main constituent of Coriander Oil?
Linalool.
38
What is the scientific name of Cardamom Oil?
Elettaria cardamomum.
39
What is the main constituent of Cardamom Oil?
Cineol.
40
What is the scientific name of Rose Oil?
Rosa gallica.
41
What are the main constituents of Rose Oil?
Geraniol, nerol, citronellol.
42
What is the scientific name of Neroli Oil?
Citrus aurantium.
43
What is the main constituent of Neroli Oil?
Linalool.
44
What is the scientific name of Juniper Oil?
Juniper communis.
45
What are the main constituents of Juniper Oil?
ɲ-pinene, b-pinene.
46
What is the scientific name of Pine Oil?
Pinus palustris.
47
What is the main constituent of Pine Oil?
ɲ-terpineol.
48
What is the scientific name of Cinnamon Oil?
Cinnamomum loureirii, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamomum cassia.
49
What is the main constituent of Cinnamon Oil?
Cinnamaldehyde.
50
What is the scientific name of Lemon Oil?
Citrus limon.
51
What is the main constituent of Lemon Oil?
Citral.
52
What does a Terebinthinate odor indicate?
Volatile oils that have undergone resinification.
53
What happens to volatile oils with high terpenes?
They easily resinify.
54
What are terpeneless volatile oils?
Oils with 95% of terpenes removed, no deterioration, no odor.
55
What is the scientific name for Orange Oil?
Citrus sinensis.
56
What are the main constituents of Citronella Oil?
Citronellal and citral.
57
What is the use of Hamamelis Water?
It is used as an astringent in hemorrhoid preparations.
58
What is the scientific name for Camphor?
Cinnamomum camphora.
59
What is the optical rotation of Spearmint?
+41 or +43 (dextrorotary).
60
What is the primary use of Wormwood Oil?
Promotes appetite and strengthens treatment of colds and influenza.
61
What is the main constituent of Thyme Oil?
Thymol.
62
What is Eugenol commonly used for?
As a dental analgesic and in toothache drops.
63
What is the scientific name for Clove Oil?
Eugenia caryophyllus.
64
What is the precursor to the antitussive guaifenesin?
Guaiacol from Creosote.
65
What is the scientific name of Juniper Tar / Cade Oil?
Juniper oxycedrus.
66
What is a primary constituent of Pine Tar?
Phenol and creosol.
67
What are the scientific names of Oregano?
Origanum onites (pot marjoram) and Origanum vulgare (wild marjoram).
68
What are the uses of Oregano?
Antitussive and expectorant.
69
What is the primary constituent of Nutmeg Oil?
Primarily a-pinene, b-pinene, sabinene, myristicin, and elemicin.
70
What is the use of Fennel Oil?
Purgative.
71
What is the scientific name of Sweet Flag?
Acorus calamus.
72
What is a toxic constituent found in Sassafras?
Safrole.
73
What is the primary use of Eucalyptus Oil?
Flavor, antiseptic, diaphoretic, expectorant.
74
What is the scientific name of the allied drug Mindanao gum?
Eucalyptus deglupta.
75
What is the scientific name of Wintergreen?
Gaultheria procumbens.
76
What is the main constituent of Wintergreen oil?
Methyl salicylate.
77
What are the uses of Wintergreen oil?
Antirheumatic, antiseptic, flavor.
78
What is the scientific name of Lavender oil?
Lavandula angustifolia.
79
What is the main constituent of Lavender oil?
Linalyl acetate.
80
What is the use of Lavender oil?
Relaxing oil for aromatherapy (massage, headache).
81
What is the scientific name of Pine Needle oil?
Pinus mugo.
82
What is the main constituent of Mustard oil?
Allyl isothiocyanate.
83
What is the use of Rosemary oil?
Antibacterial, carminative, spasmolytic
84
What are the scientific names of alliaceous plants?
Garlic (Allium sativum), Onion (Allium cepa), Leeks (Allium odorum).
85
What is the active ingredient found in Teaberry?
Methyl salicylate.
86
Which volatile oil is used as an analgesic agent?
Methyl salicylate.
87
Which volatile oil has amphetamine-like effects?
Eugenol.
88
Which of the following serves as the source of tannin and volatile oils?
Hammamelis.
89
What are resins formed from?
The oxidation of volatile oils.
90
What is the physical state of resins?
Amorphous products with a complex nature, hard, transparent or translucent, and they soften and melt when heated.
91
What are the main components of oleoresins?
Both volatile oil and resin.
92
What are resin acids used for?
In soaps and varnishes.
93
What is a characteristic of resenes?
They are neutral and do not form salts.
94
What is an example of a glycoresin?
Jalap (Exogonium purga).
95
What is the scientific name for Podophyllum?
Podophyllum peltatum.
96
What is the primary use of Cannabis sativa?
As a euphoric and for controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea.
97
What is the main active component in Cannabis?
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).
98
What is the use of Mastic?
Chewed as a breath sweetener and used in dental varnish.
99
What is the scientific name of Kava?
Piper methysticum.
100
What are the constituents of Kava?
Yangonin, kawain, methysticin.
101
What is the primary use of Kava?
Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants, antipyretic, anesthetic.
102
What is the scientific name of Turpentine?
Pinus palustris.
103
What are the constituents of Ginger?
Bisabolene, zingiberene, zingiberol, zingerone, shogaol, gingerol.
104
What is the primary use of Copaiba?
Genitourinary antiseptic, diuretic.
105
What is the scientific name of Capsicum?
Capsicum frutescens and Capsicum annum.
106
What is the main constituent of Capsicum?
Capsaicin.
107
What is the scientific name of Myrrh?
Commiphora molmol.
108
What are the constituents of Myrrh?
D, E, and ɶ-commiphoric acids, protocatechuic acids.
109
What is the primary use of Benzoin?
Antiseptic, stimulant, expectorant.
110
What is the scientific name of Garcinia used for Gamboge?
Garcinia hanburyi.
111
What is the primary use of Tolu Balsam?
Pharmaceutical aid for CBT, expectorant, flavor.
112
What compound is used in perfumery due to its vanilla-like odor?
Coniferyl benzoate.
113
What is Compound Benzoin Tincture used for?
As a topical protectant.
114
Which components are used to prepare Compound Benzoin Tincture?
Storax, Tolu Balsam, Aloe, and Benzoin.
115
What is the current source of benzoic acid?
Synthetic ally produced.
116
What are the uses of benzoic acid?
Antifungal, preservative of food, and pharmaceutical preparations.
117
What differentiates Siamese Benzoin from Sumatra Benzoin?
Siamese has a warming effect and a vanilla-like odor, while Sumatra has a faint odor of benzaldehyde.
118
What color change occurs with Ferric Chloride when testing Siamese Benzoin?
Green color.
119
Which of the following is NOT a resin: Rosin, Eriodictyon, Cannabis, or Turpentine?
Eriodictyon.
120
Which of the following is NOT a balsam: Peru Balsam, Balsam of Copaiba, Tolu Balsam, or Storax?
Balsam of Copaiba.
121
What families are associated with rubber formation?
Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, and Asteraceae.
122
What is latex composed of?
Microscopic particles suspended in a liquid serum contained in specialized latex cells.
123
What determines the milky character of latex?
The presence of a refractive index greatly different from that of the dispersion medium.
124
Which alkaloid is found in the latex of the Papaveraceae?
Alkaloids.
125
What is the scientific name of the Indian Rubber tree?
Ficus elastica.
126
What is the composition of rubber?
Linear chains of about 1500 to 60,000 C5 isoprenoid units linked by cis double bonds.
127
What is gutta percha derived from?
Purified, coagulated latex from trees of the genera Palaquium and Payena.
128
How does gutta percha differ from rubber?
It is almost incapable of vulcanization and becomes plastic when heated to about 45-60 °C.
129
What is chicle and where is it obtained from?
A polyisoprenoid obtained from Manilkara zapota (Sapotaceae), used as the base for original chewing gum.
130
What is balata and its source?
Dried latex obtained from Mimusops balata (Sapotaceae), used in bubble gum manufacture.
131
What are the constituents of Indian Rubber?
Caoutchouc and cerotic acid.
132
What is the use of chico/sapodilla?
Used for diarrhea and fever.

COURSE AUDIT 1 MODULE 2 (8 decks)

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