PCOG: INTRO Flashcards
What is pharmacognosy?
The study of drugs of biologic origin, including their properties and uses.
What are crude drugs?
Natural substances that have only undergone the processes of collection and drying.
What is the significance of the Papyrus Ebers?
It is an ancient Egyptian document containing 600-700 citations of drugs from plants or animals, discovered in 1550 BC.
Who is known as the Father of Pharmacology?
Pedanios Dioscorides.
What does molecular pharmacognosy involve?
Manipulation of genes, proteins, and enzymes using biotechnology to influence the synthesis of active ingredients.
What is ecopharmacognosy?
The practice of increasing the sustainability of natural sources to avoid depletion, involving proper collection and cultivation.
What is the purpose of drying crude drugs?
To remove moisture, protect from microbial damage, and fix the constituents.
What is the term ‘menstruum’ in pharmacognosy?
A solvent or liquid mixture that dissolves the chief constituents of a drug.
What is the difference between indigenous and naturalized plants?
Indigenous plants grow in their native regions, while naturalized plants grow in foreign lands.
What is garbling in the preparation of crude drugs?
The final step involving the physical or mechanical removal of extraneous matter from the crude drug.
What is the purpose of packaging, storing, and preservation of crude drugs?
To protect from environmental conditions and insect attacks, and for marketability.
What is the simplest method to preserve crude drugs from insect attacks?
Exposure to 65° C.
What are the types of crude extracts mentioned?
Pilular, Syrupy, and Powdered.
What is the maceration method of extraction?
Submerging the solute in a suitable solvent for 48-72 hours.
What is the purpose of percolation in extraction?
To allow slow and intimate extraction using filtration and gravity.
What does organoleptic evaluation involve?
Macroscopic evaluation by means of the senses (odor, color, taste, etc.).
What is the significance of biological assays in drug evaluation?
To determine pharmacologic activity using living organisms.
What is the best method for determining the official potency of drugs?
Chemical assays, including titrimetric and quantitative analyses.
How are drugs classified morphologically?
According to the part of the plant used.
What does taxonomic classification consider?
Phylogeny, the natural relationship among plants and animals.
What family does guava belong to?
Myrtaceae.
Which plant is known for its antihypertensive properties?
Garlic (Allium sativum).
What is the primary use of ampalaya?
As an anti-diabetes mellitus supplement.
What are secondary metabolites?
Chemical entities in crude drugs responsible for therapeutic properties.
