pbs, hematopoiesis Flashcards
what is the critical value for hematocrit
<20%
>65%
what is the critical value for hemoglobin
<70 g/L
>200g/L
what is the critical value for RETICULOCYTE
> 20
what is the critical value for WBC COUNT
<2,000 IF NEW PX OR 1, 000 DIFFERENCE FROM THE PREVIOUS RESULTS IF LESS THAN 4,000
> 50,000 FOR NEW PATIENT
what is the critical value for BLOOD SMEAR
NEUTROPHILIC PHAGOCYTOSIS
ABNORMAL LEUKOMOID REACTION
SICKLE CELL
SCHISTOCYTE
BLAST FORMS
PRESENCE OF INTRACELLULAR ORGANISM
what is the critical value for PLATELETS
< 20,000/UL AND NOT PREVIOUSLY. REPORTED
> 1,000,000/UL
PROTHOMBIN TIME
40 SECONDS
2 sources of specimen for pbs
EDTA BLOOD
ANTICOAGULANT FREE BLOOD
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING EDTA FOR PBS?
MULTIPLE BLOOD SMEAR CAN BE MADE
THE BLOOD SMEAR MAY BE PREPARED LATER
EDTA PREEVENTS PLATELET CLUMPING
WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF USING EDTA
PLATELETS SATELLITOSIS
EDTA INDUCED PLATELET CLUMPING
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF 2 DISADVANTAGES
PLATELET SATELLITOSIS: PSEUDOTHROMBOCYTOPENIA
EDTA INDUCED PLATELET CLUMPING: PSEUDOTHROMBOCYTOPENIA AND PSEUDOLEUKOCYTOSIS
WHAT ARE THE REMEDIES FOR PSUEDOTHROMBOOCYTOPENIA AND PSUEDOLEUKOCYTOSIS
RECOLLECT BLOOD SPECIMEN THEN USE 3.2% SODIUM CITRATE
THEN AFTER YOU GOT THE RESULT COMPUTE THEM
PLATELET CNT RESULT X 1.1
WBC CNT RESULT X 1.1
THIS KIND OF SPECIMEN COLLECTION IS BEST FOR EVALUATION BLOOD CELL MORPHOLOGY
ANTICOAGULANT FREE BLOOD
ADVANTAGES OF ANTICOAGULANT-FREE BLOOD
MADE BESIDE THE PX
SOME ARTIFACT CAN BE PREVENTED
MOST FREQUENTLY USED METHOD IN BLOOD FILM PREPARATION
TWO-GLASS SLIDE METHOD (MANUAL WEDGE TECHNIQUE)
WHAT ARE THE 2 SLIDES BEING USED
PUSHER SLIDE
FILM SIDE
WHAT IS THE ANGLE BETWEEN THESE TWO SLIDES?
30-45 DEGREE
IF THE ANGLE OF THE SPREADER IS TOO HIGH WHAT WILL HAPPEN?
THICKER SMEAR
IF THE ANGLE OF THE SPREADER IS TOO LOW WHAT WILL HAPPEN?
THINNER SMEAR
WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF PBS ?
2-3 MM
THE PROXIMITY OF BLOOD TO THE GLASS SLIDE
1CM
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE SIZE OF THE DROP OF BLOOD IS TOO LARGE?
THICKER
LONGER SMEAR
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE SIZE OF THE DROP OF THE BLOOD IS TOO SMALL?
THINNER
SHORTER SMEAR
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE SPEED OF THE SPSREADER IS TOO FAST
THICKER SMEAR
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE SPEED OF THE SPREADER IS TOO SLOW
THINNER SMEAR AND POOR WBC DISTRIBUTIO
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE HCT OF THE PATIENT IS TOO HIGH ?
LOWER THE ANGLE
AS LOW AS 25 DEGREE
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE HEMATOCRIT OF THE PATIENT IS TOO LOW
ANGLE SHOULD BE RAISED
WHAT IS THE PATTER OF LONGITUDINAL (SCANNING METHOD)
TAIL TO HEAD
WHAT. IS THE PATTERN OF THE BATTLEMENT ?
BACK AND FORTH SERPENT
what is the purpose for blood smear staining
for evaluation of cellular morphology
what are the 3 important solutions used for blood smear staning.
fixative
stain
buffer
any stain which contains methylene blue and a halogenated fluorescein dye
romanowsky type stain
most commoonly used type of stain in the hematology laboratory
ROMANOWSKY-TYPE STAIN
EXAMPLES OF ROMANOWSKY BASED STAINS
WRIGHT STAIN
GIEMSA STAIN
MAY-GRUNWALD STAIN
3 TECHNIQUES OF STAINING
MANUAL
AUTOMATED
QUICK
TECHNIQUE THAT
FLOOD THE SLIDE WITH WRIGHT STAIN
ALLOW THE STAIN TO REMAIN ON THE SLIDE FOR 1-3 MINS
BUFFER IS THEN ADDED
MANUAL TECHNIQUE
TECHNIQUE
GENERALLY 5-10 MINS TO STAIN A BATCH SLIDES
EXAMPLES
MIDAS 3
HEMA TEK
COUTER LH
SYSMEX SP-10
AUTOMATED TECHNIQUE
CORRECT COLOR OF PBS MACROSCOPIC
PINK TO PURPLE
CORRECT CLOR OF THESE CELLS MICROSCOPICALY
RBC
ORANGE TO SALMON PINK
CORRECT CLOR OF THESE CELLS MICROSCOPICALY
WBC NUCLEI
PURPLE TO BLUE
CORRECT CLOR OF THESE CELLS MICROSCOPICALY
NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMA
PINK TO TAN
CORRECT CLOR OF THESE CELLS MICROSCOPICALY EOSINOPHIL GRANULES
BRIGHT ORANGE
WHAT ARE THE USUAL CAUSES OF THESE PROBLEMS
RBC: GRAY
WBC: TOO DARK
EOSINOPHIL: GRAY
STAIN/BUFFER TOO BASIC
INADEQUATE RINSING
HEPARINIZED BLOOD WAS USED
WHAT ARE THE USUAL CAUSES OF THESE PROBLEMS
RBC: OO PALE OR ARE RED
WBC: BARELY VISIBLE
STAIN/BUFFER IS TOO ACIDIC
UNDER BUFFERING
OVER RINSING
BLOOD FILM BLUUER THAN NORMAL
WHAT IS THE PROBABLE REASON?
INCREASED BLOOD PROTEINS
BLOOD HAS A GRAINY APPEARANCE
WHAT COULD BE THE PROBABLE REASOON
RBC AGGLUTINATION
HOLES ALL OVER THE FILM WHAT IS THE PROBABLE REASON
INCREASED LIPID LEVEL
BLUE SPECKS
WHAT COULD BE THE PROBABLE. REASON>
MARKEDLY INCREASED WBC. COUNTS AND PLATELET COUNTS
STORAGE OF THE BLOODD SMEAR. SLIDES
AT LEASST 7 DAYS BEFORE PROPER DISPOSAL
USED TO EXAMINE THE NULEAR DETAILS OF WBC
USDEE ALSO FOR THE TABULATION OF THE ACTUAL WBC DIFFERENTIAL AND ESTIMATION OF PLATELET COUNT
100X OIO
USED ALSO TO ESTIMATE TOTAL WBC COUNT
40X HIGH DRY OR 50 X OIO
USED TO ASSES OVERALL FIL QUALITY COLOR AND DISTRIBUTION OF CELLS
LOCATE RARE ABNORMAL WBC
USED TO DETECT SNOWPLOW EFFECT
USED TO DETECT FIBRIN STRANDS
RECOGNIZE ROULEAUX FROMATION
QUICKLY DETECT UNEXPECTED PARASITE
ASSESS THE ARE AVAILABLE FOR SUITABLE EXAMINATION
10 X OBJECTIVE
