Patterns and Processes of Inheritance

Question 1

Asexual reproduction

Answer 1

Genetic material is duplicated and one identical copy is passed onto the daughter cells

Question 2

Sexual reproduction

Answer 2

Genetic traits from two individuals are passed onto their offspring creating a hybrid

Question 3

Meiosis

Answer 3

The process by which gametes are produced; end products are haploid cells (cells with only one set of chromosomes)

Question 4

Diploid

Answer 4

Cells with two sets of chromosomes

Question 5

Zygote

Answer 5

A sperm cell and an egg cell are combined

Question 6

Gene flow

Answer 6

The introduction of new genes into a population via migration of organisms into a new environment

Question 7

Independent assortment

Answer 7

The genetic information you got from your parents is randomly divided

Question 8

Crossing over

Answer 8

Process of 2 homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of genetic material

Question 9

Allele

Answer 9

Alternate version of a gene

Question 10

Mutation

Answer 10

Permanent change to the sequence of DNA

Question 11

Gene flow

Answer 11

The flow of alleles into or out of a population

Question 12

Discontinuous traits

Answer 12

Phenotypes are well defined. EX: Blood type

Question 13

Continuous traits

Answer 13

Phenotypes are blended and displayed on a gradient.
EX: Skin color

Question 14

Homozygous

Answer 14

The same alleles for a trait

Question 15

Heterozygous

Answer 15

Different alleles for a trait

Question 16

Natural selection

Answer 16

The process by which more fit organisms have a higher chance of surviving and passing on their genetic material for future generations.

Question 17

Law of Segregation

Answer 17

Factors for different traits from each parent are segregated from one another during the formation of gametes.

Question 18

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 18

Factors for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

Question 19

Epistasis

Answer 19

Emergence of one allele for a gene is contingent upon the presence or function of another allele for a different gene.

Question 20

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 20

Many genes work together to control a specific trait.