Pattern Recognition by Innate Immune Cells Flashcards
What are the 5 types of PRRs?
- TLRs: Toll-like
- CLRs: C-type lectin
- NLRs: NOD-like
- ALRs: AIM2-like
- RLRs: RIG-I-like
List the major cell types of innate immunity.
- monocytes
- macrophages
- neutrophils
- dendritic cells
- natural killer cells
- granulocytes
Which cells connect innate immunity to adaptive immunity?
dendritic cell
What are the two initial steps of innate immune response?
- physical and chemical barriers to infection
- cellular responses to infection
Which physical barriers of the immune system are compromised of layers that insulate the interior of the body from outside pathogens?
- skin
- mucosal membrane
The epithelial layers produce what kind of chemical protective substances?
- acidic pH
- enzymes and binding proteins (lysozyme)
- antimicrobial peptides (defensins)
How does the innate immune system receptors recognize invading pathogens?
Through PAMPs
How does the innate immune system receptors detect aging, dead, or damaged self-structures?
DAMPs
TLRs recognize (______) PAMPs.
A. intracellular
B. extracellular
B. extracellular
Where are TLRs located?
- plasma membrane
- endosomal membranes
- lysosomal membranes
What is the main purpose of TLRs?
Bind PAMPs/DAMPs to activate signaling pathways
What are the protective responses of TLR signaling pathways after dimerization?
- chemokines
- cytokines
- pro-inflammatory (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α)
- anti-viral (Type I IFN α/β) - antimicrobial peptides
CLRs bind (______) PAMPs.
A. extracellular
B. intracellular
C. fungal
D. bacterial
C. fungal
Where are CLRs located?
plasma membrane
What are the protective responses of CLRs?
- chemokines
- cytokines
- pro-inflammatory (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) - antimicrobial peptides
What is the main purpose of CLRs?
activate innate and inflammatory response
- activation of ITAM and CARD containing proteins
What kind of PAMPs/DAMPs are NLRs activated by?
intracellular bacteria
Where are NLRs located?
cytosol
In NLRs, what bind to PAMPs?
NOD1 and NOD2
What is the protective response of NLRs?
- chemokines
- cytokines
- pro-inflammatory (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) - antimicrobial peptides
- induce inflammosome: pyropoptosis
What kind of PAMPs are ALRs activated by?
- bacterial/viral dsDNA
Where are ALRs located?
cytosol
What is the main purpose of ALRs?
activate inflammosomes
What are the protective responses of ALRs?
- chemokines
- cytokines
- pro-inflammatory (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α)
- anti-viral (Type I INF α/β) - antimicrobial peptides
- induce inflammosome: pyropoptosis
What PAMPs to RLRs recognize?
viral dsRNA
Where are RLRs located?
cytosol
What are the protective responses of RLRs?
- chemokines
- cytokines
- pro-inflammatory (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α)
- anti-viral (Type I INF α/β)
