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Immunology > Cells and Organs of the Immune System > Flashcards

Cells and Organs of the Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Define hemopoiesis.

A

process of blood production

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2
Q

List the cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity.

A

Innate immunity
1. granulocytes
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
2. macrophage
- dendritic cell
3. mast cell
4. natural killer cell

Adaptive immunity
1. B lymphocytes
2. T lymphocytes

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3
Q

Where do all red and white blood cells develop from during hematopoiesis?

A

Pluripotent HSC

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4
Q

CMPs stand for what and are develop which 4 cells?

A

CMPs: common myeloid progenitors
1. Erythrocytes
2. Granulocytes
3. Monocytes
4. Megakaryocytes

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5
Q

List the 4 types of granulocytes and their function.

A
  1. Neutrophils: first responder, blow up from fighting infection
  2. Eosinophils: antiviral activity, basophil degranulation
  3. Basophils: regulation of inflammation
  4. Mast cells: smooth muscle activation
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6
Q

Are granulocytes innate or adaptive immunity?

A

innnate

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7
Q

Why do eosinophils stain pink?

A

They are acidic

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8
Q

What is the difference between basophils and mast cells?

A
  • Basophils are within the circulation
  • Mast cells are in tissues
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9
Q

What granulocyte is basic and stains dark blue?

A

basophils

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10
Q

Which 2 cells derived from monocytes are specialized for phagocytosis?

A
  1. macrophages
  2. dendritic cells
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11
Q

Describe the characteristics of macrophages.

A
  1. present antigens (APCs) to T-cells, clear pathogens through phagocytosis
    - clean up/repair damaged tissue
    - tissue specific
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12
Q

Describe the characteristics of dendritic cells.

A
  1. capture antigen, migrate out of tissue, present antigen to T-cells
    - most potent antigen presenting cells (APCs)
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13
Q

What are the 3 major activities of antigen presenting cells (APCs)?

A
  1. secrete proteins that attract and activate immune cells
  2. Internalize pathogen, digest protein to peptides, present antigen on MHC
  3. regulate genes required for activation of T-cells
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14
Q

HSCs give rise to which two types of cells?

A
  1. common myeloid progenitor cells
  2. common lymphoid progenitor cells
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15
Q

Do granulocytes respond to intracellular or extracellular pathogens?

A

extracellular (ex: bacteria, parasitic worms)

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16
Q

Macrophages and dendritic cells activate which cells?

A

T-cells

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17
Q

T/F. Macrophages are found in all tissues.

A

True

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18
Q

Which main cells develop from common lymphoid cells?

A
  1. B lymphocytes
  2. T lymphocytes
  3. Natural Killer cells
19
Q

What do T lymphocytes carry on their surface besides TCRs?

A

CD molecules: functional proteins

20
Q

Where do B-cells mature and what do they express on their surface?

A
  • mature in bone marrow
  • express BCR (antibodies) on surface
21
Q

What do activated B-cells differentiate into and secrete?

A
  • plasma cells
  • secrete antibodies
22
Q

Where do T-cells mature and what do they express on their surface?

A
  • mature in thymus
  • express TCR on surface
23
Q

What are the two major cell types of T lymphocytes and their function?

A
  1. T helper cells (Th): help other immune cells
    - Th1
    -Th2
    - Th17
    - Treg
    - Tfh
  2. Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs): recognize antigen and eradicate cell pathogen, intracellular
24
Q

List the T-cells and their appropriate receptors.

A

Th cell = CD4 molecule
Tc cell = CD8 molecule

25
Q

B-cells and T-cells are (______) while NK cells are (_____).
A. innate; adaptive
B. adaptive; innate

A

B. adaptive; innate

26
Q

Where do CD4 and CD8 bind to?

A

MHC molecules

27
Q

What kind of antigen does BCR recognize?

A
  • immunoglobulin (antibody) recognizes soluble or particulate antigen
28
Q

What kind of antigen does TCR recognize?

A
  • recognizes only processed pieces of antigen bound to MHC molecules
29
Q

List the T-cells with their respective recognition antigen coreceptor and MHC class.

A
  1. Helper T-cell
    - CD4
    - MHC class II
  2. Cytotoxic cells
    - CD8
    - MHC class I
30
Q

Where do B-cells mature?

A

bone marrow

31
Q

Stromal cells differentiate into which two types of cells?

A
  1. myeloid
  2. lymphoid
32
Q

Where do T-cells mature?

33
Q

What is positive and negative selection for TCR binding with MHC peptide?

A

Positive: TCR recognizes peptides (antigens) MHC
Negative: TCR recognizes our own peptide

34
Q

What occurs at secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Adaptive immune response is initiated via dendritic cells
- APCs activate adaptive immunity
- clonal expansion
- differentiate into effector cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, Tfh)

35
Q

What are the 3 secondary lymphoid organs?

A
  1. draining lymph nodes
  2. spleen
  3. mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
36
Q

In the draining lymph nodes where do the following travel/are found?
1. Antigen
2. Naive lymphocytes
3. T-cells
4. B-cells
5. Macrophages/Dendritic cells

A
  1. Antigen: afferently travels from affected tissue to the cortex
  2. Naive lymphocytes: enter cortex vis HEVs from blood
  3. T-cells: found in paracortex
  4. B-cells: organized in follicle
  5. Macrophages/Dendritic cells: found in medulla
37
Q

What is the purpose of draining lymph nodes for immune response?

A

Organize immune response for antigens to enter through tissues

38
Q

B-cells need help from (______) to become plasma cells.
A. macrophages
B. dendritic cells
C. BCRs
D. T-cells

A

D. T-cells

39
Q

Which secondary organ is the first line of defense against blood-borne pathogens?
A. draining lymph nodes
B. spleen
C. mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

40
Q

What cells are the red pulp and white pulp of the spleen consisted of?

A

Red pulp
- red blood cells

White pulp
- marginal zone (antigen presenting cells)
- PALS (T-cells zone)

Arteries
- B-cells because they want to dump antibodies they produced

41
Q

MALT is an important layer of defense against which tissues?

A
  • mucosal and epithelial
42
Q

What associated lymphoid tissues do the following stand for?
- MALT
- GALT
- BALT
- NALT
- SALT

A
  • MALT: mucosal
  • GALT: gut
  • BALT: bronchial
  • NALT: nasal
  • SALT: skin
43
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

A
  • Bone marrow
  • Thymus

Immunology (19 decks)

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