Cells and Organs of the Immune System Flashcards
Define hemopoiesis.
process of blood production
List the cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity
1. granulocytes
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
2. macrophage
- dendritic cell
3. mast cell
4. natural killer cell
Adaptive immunity
1. B lymphocytes
2. T lymphocytes
Where do all red and white blood cells develop from during hematopoiesis?
Pluripotent HSC
CMPs stand for what and are develop which 4 cells?
CMPs: common myeloid progenitors
1. Erythrocytes
2. Granulocytes
3. Monocytes
4. Megakaryocytes
List the 4 types of granulocytes and their function.
- Neutrophils: first responder, blow up from fighting infection
- Eosinophils: antiviral activity, basophil degranulation
- Basophils: regulation of inflammation
- Mast cells: smooth muscle activation
Are granulocytes innate or adaptive immunity?
innnate
Why do eosinophils stain pink?
They are acidic
What is the difference between basophils and mast cells?
- Basophils are within the circulation
- Mast cells are in tissues
What granulocyte is basic and stains dark blue?
basophils
Which 2 cells derived from monocytes are specialized for phagocytosis?
- macrophages
- dendritic cells
Describe the characteristics of macrophages.
- present antigens (APCs) to T-cells, clear pathogens through phagocytosis
- clean up/repair damaged tissue
- tissue specific
Describe the characteristics of dendritic cells.
- capture antigen, migrate out of tissue, present antigen to T-cells
- most potent antigen presenting cells (APCs)
What are the 3 major activities of antigen presenting cells (APCs)?
- secrete proteins that attract and activate immune cells
- Internalize pathogen, digest protein to peptides, present antigen on MHC
- regulate genes required for activation of T-cells
HSCs give rise to which two types of cells?
- common myeloid progenitor cells
- common lymphoid progenitor cells
Do granulocytes respond to intracellular or extracellular pathogens?
extracellular (ex: bacteria, parasitic worms)
Macrophages and dendritic cells activate which cells?
T-cells
T/F. Macrophages are found in all tissues.
True
Which main cells develop from common lymphoid cells?
- B lymphocytes
- T lymphocytes
- Natural Killer cells
What do T lymphocytes carry on their surface besides TCRs?
CD molecules: functional proteins
Where do B-cells mature and what do they express on their surface?
- mature in bone marrow
- express BCR (antibodies) on surface
What do activated B-cells differentiate into and secrete?
- plasma cells
- secrete antibodies
Where do T-cells mature and what do they express on their surface?
- mature in thymus
- express TCR on surface
What are the two major cell types of T lymphocytes and their function?
- T helper cells (Th): help other immune cells
- Th1
-Th2
- Th17
- Treg
- Tfh - Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs): recognize antigen and eradicate cell pathogen, intracellular
List the T-cells and their appropriate receptors.
Th cell = CD4 molecule
Tc cell = CD8 molecule
B-cells and T-cells are (______) while NK cells are (_____).
A. innate; adaptive
B. adaptive; innate
B. adaptive; innate
Where do CD4 and CD8 bind to?
MHC molecules
What kind of antigen does BCR recognize?
- immunoglobulin (antibody) recognizes soluble or particulate antigen
What kind of antigen does TCR recognize?
- recognizes only processed pieces of antigen bound to MHC molecules
List the T-cells with their respective recognition antigen coreceptor and MHC class.
- Helper T-cell
- CD4
- MHC class II - Cytotoxic cells
- CD8
- MHC class I
Where do B-cells mature?
bone marrow
Stromal cells differentiate into which two types of cells?
- myeloid
- lymphoid
Where do T-cells mature?
thymus
What is positive and negative selection for TCR binding with MHC peptide?
Positive: TCR recognizes peptides (antigens) MHC
Negative: TCR recognizes our own peptide
What occurs at secondary lymphoid organs?
Adaptive immune response is initiated via dendritic cells
- APCs activate adaptive immunity
- clonal expansion
- differentiate into effector cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, Tfh)
What are the 3 secondary lymphoid organs?
- draining lymph nodes
- spleen
- mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
In the draining lymph nodes where do the following travel/are found?
1. Antigen
2. Naive lymphocytes
3. T-cells
4. B-cells
5. Macrophages/Dendritic cells
- Antigen: afferently travels from affected tissue to the cortex
- Naive lymphocytes: enter cortex vis HEVs from blood
- T-cells: found in paracortex
- B-cells: organized in follicle
- Macrophages/Dendritic cells: found in medulla
What is the purpose of draining lymph nodes for immune response?
Organize immune response for antigens to enter through tissues
B-cells need help from (______) to become plasma cells.
A. macrophages
B. dendritic cells
C. BCRs
D. T-cells
D. T-cells
Which secondary organ is the first line of defense against blood-borne pathogens?
A. draining lymph nodes
B. spleen
C. mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
B. spleen
What cells are the red pulp and white pulp of the spleen consisted of?
Red pulp
- red blood cells
White pulp
- marginal zone (antigen presenting cells)
- PALS (T-cells zone)
Arteries
- B-cells because they want to dump antibodies they produced
MALT is an important layer of defense against which tissues?
- mucosal and epithelial
What associated lymphoid tissues do the following stand for?
- MALT
- GALT
- BALT
- NALT
- SALT
- MALT: mucosal
- GALT: gut
- BALT: bronchial
- NALT: nasal
- SALT: skin
What are the primary lymphoid organs?
- Bone marrow
- Thymus
