Immunity Flashcards
Define immunity.
gaining greater protection against a disease that was once survived more efficiently than the first time
Vaccination prepares the immune system to eradicate an infectious agent (______) it causes disease.
A. before
B. after
A. before
A highly susceptible population is (_____) to encounter a susceptible person resulting in a chain of person-to-person transmission.
A. unlikely
B. likely
B. likely
Why do we study immunology?
- understand human health and disease
- learn its connection with other body systems
- human diversity
- for the wonder
Our ability to fight infections are connected to:
- sleep
- stress
- nutrition
- mental health
How is genetic variation and immunity beneficial?
We are stronger the more diverse our immune genes are
List the 4 categories of pathogens (extracellular or intracellular).
- Bacteria (extracellular/intracellular)
- Viruses (intracellular)
- Parasites (extracellular)
- Fungi (extracellular)
What are the 4 identifying structures of bacteria?
- linear DNA
- cilia/flagella
- lipopolysaccharide
- peptidoglycan
What are the 4 identifying structures of viruses?
- protein capsid
- DNA or RNA genome
- envelope
- spike proteins
What are the 2 identifying structures of parasites?
- phospotelyserine
- eukaryotes
What are the 3 identifying structures of fungi?
- chitin
- mycelium
- eukaryotes
Mechanism of pathogenesis in Bacteria.
- toxin/sepsis
- directly kills cells
- disrupts cellular pathways
Mechanism of pathogenesis in Viruses.
- invades host cell and hijacks cellular machinery to produce its own proteins
Mechanism of pathogenesis in Parasites.
- damage cellular responses
- invade tissues
Mechanism of pathogenesis in Fungi.
- competitive metabolsim
Innate immunity occurs (___ to __), but is (_____) and (______).
A. minutes to hours; fixed; highly specific;
B. days to weeks; diverse; highly specific
C. minutes to hours; fixed; limited diversity
D. days to weeks; fixed; limited diversity
C. minutes to hours; fixed; limited diversity
What is the difference in response to repeat infection for adaptive and innate immunity?
- Adaptive
- more rapid
- amplified
- more effective - innate
- always identical to first encounter
The receptors for innate immunity are:
germ-line (inherited): PRR
The receptors for adaptive immunity are:
randomly generated: BCR, TCR
The major cells of adaptive immunity are:
A. phagocytic cells
B. T-cells/B-cells
B. T-cells/B-cells
