Induced Innate Immunity Flashcards
PRRs activate expression genes that contribute to what innate immune responses?
- antimicrobial peptides
- anti-viral activity (Type I interferons α/β)
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α)
- chemokines
- enzymes: iNOS, COX2
Type I interferons are…
A. pro-inflammatory
B. anti-viral
B. anti-viral
Type I interferons are produced from recognition of viral PAMPs. Which PRRs would recognize viral PAMPs?
- TLRs
- ALRs
- RLRs
What is the purpose of ISGs?
A. inhibit viral replication
B. enhance viral replication
C. are macrophages
A. inhibit viral replication
IFN-α binds to (_______) receptor, which turns on (____), such as (____).
A. ISGS; PKR; IFNAR
B. PKR; ISGs; IFNAR
C. IFNAR; PKR; ISGs
D. INFAR; ISGs; PKR
D. IFNAR; ISGs; PKR
How do pro-inflammatory cytokines induce inflammation?
- induce fever
- increase vascular permeability
- recruit and activate leukocytes (neutrophils)
- induce myeloid cell production bc neutrophils die rapidly
What is the function of chemokines?
facilitate movement of cells
Which pro-inflammatory enzymes are damaging to pathogens?
- iNOS
- COX2
How does phagocytosis differ from endocytosis?
- Recognition activates signaling pathways to induce actin buildup
- actin allows the membrane to extend
Which of the following are MAINLY not receptors for phagocytosis?
A. CLRs
B. TLRs
C. ALRs
D. RLRs
E. NLRs
B. TLRs
What are the PRRs for phagocytosis?
CLRs
What do phagocytic receptors recognize?
- PAMPs
- opsonins
- antibodies
- complements
Apoptosis is induced by the binding of (_____) to NK and cytotoxic T-cells.
TNF
The main function of apoptosis other than programmed cell death is …
stop spread of viral pathogens
What filaments do neutrophils release to catch and kill pathogens?
NETs
The function of NETs in programmed cell death is to ….
trap pathogens
What is pyroptosis induced by? What does it release?
- induced by inflammosome activation
- release IL-1b
What does pyroptosis cause?
inflammation
Innate lymphoid cells include…
NK cells
What do NK cells lack and have instead?
- lack: PRRs
- have: activation receptors (gas), inhibitory receptors (break)
List the two functions of activated NK cells.
- kill altered self-cell by releasing proteins that induce apoptosis
- produce cytokines that induce responses (INF y/ TNF)
Why does the NK cell not bind to the target cell in this example?
- MHC I is on all cells
- Inhibitory receptor recognizes the healthy cell and blocks it
T/F. Dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells that activate naive B-cells.
False. Dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells that activate naive T-cells.
What activates dendritic cells?
PAMPs
What do naive T-cells mature to?
- helper T-cells
- cytotoxic T-cells
