Patients With Medical Emergencies Flashcards
_______ reactions are negative reactions to drugs
allergic
when a drug a patient is allergic to enters their body, the body thinks of the drug as an _________ and creates what for that drug
thinks of the drug as an antigen
and creates antibodies for the drug
T/F:
the more the patient is exposed to the drug they are allergic to, the more sensitive the patient becomes and reactions could become more severe
TRUE
______ reactions to contrast media are nausea, hives, mild vomiting, weakness, warmth, pallor, etc
minor
“pallor” definition
paleness of skin
if a minor reaction occurs, does the patient need to seek medical treatment?
no, but they must be observed to ensure reaction does not get worse
_______ reactions to contrast media are tachycardia, bradycardia, hypotension, hypertension, dyspnea, laryngeal edema, etc
moderate
“tachycardia” definition
heartbeat increase *above 100 BPM
“bradycardia” definition
heartbeat decreases *slower than 60 BPM
“hypotension” definition
low blood pressure
“hypertension” definition
high blood pressure
“dyspnea” definition
shortness of breath
“laryngeal edema” definition
swelling; fluid retention
if a moderate reaction occurs, does the patient need to seek medical treatment?
patient does not need to seek medical treatment but must be observed to ensure reaction does not get worse
a _______ reaction to contrast media or drugs is anaphylactic shock
severe
what happens to a patient during an anaphylactic shock
they experience respiratory arrest and vascular shock
what can be used as a treatment for anaphylactic shock?
epinephrine
what are common symptoms of anaphylactic shock?
-laryngeal edema
-convulsions
-unresponsiveness
-extreme hypertension
-nausea
what are contraindications (ie. restrictions) for using contrast media? (5)
-patients older than 50 yrs
-patients with diabetes
-patients with limited kidney functions
-patients with heart disease
-patients who had previous adverse reactions to contrast media
CPR stands for what?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
_____ is needed when the patient goes into cardiac arrest
CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
begin ____ if a patient’s pulse stops
CPR
what are the proper steps taken to assess the patient prior to STARTING CPR?
CAB
-Circulation
-Airway
-Breathing
the ratio of CPR compressions to breathe for an adult are what?
30:2
T/F:
after an injury occurs immediately call the nurse
FALSE
-call the doctor
when a patient is having a seizure, do you stay with them or do you go find help?
stay with the patient
CALL for help
T/F:
when a patient is having a seizure, DO NOT put your fingers into the patient’s mouth and DO NOT restrain the patient
TRUE
define “hyperglycemia”
TOO MUCH insulin
what causes hyperglycemia?
caused when the patient hasn’t had anything to eat or drink
diabetic ketoacidosis is when what happens?
when there is NOT ENOUGH insulin
what is treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis?
IV and/or just more insulin
when a diabetic reaction occurs, should you stay with the patient OR go find help?
stay with the patient
T/F:
a diabetic reaction can be deadly if left untreated
TRUE
what does “diabetic ketoacidosis” mean?
too little insulin
what are symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis? (9)
excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea, vomiting, weakness, fatigue, SOB, fruit-scented breath, confusion
what doe CPR stand for?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
administer _________ if a patient is in cardiac arrest –> ie. there is no pulse
CPR
what are the proper steps to CPR?
**hint - think of the acronym
CAB
C = Circulation
A = Airway
B = Breathing
what are the CPR compression ratios for an adult
30:2
what are the CPR compression ratios for a child
15:2
what does CAB stand for?
C = Circulation
A = Airway
B = Breathing
