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Patient Care: 1. Patient Interactions and Management > Infection Control and Prevention > Flashcards

Infection Control and Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

the following describes what?

“a microorganism that causes an infectious disease”

A

Pathogen

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2
Q

infectious microorganisms originate from a _______

A

source

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3
Q

infectious microorganisms are transferred through a ______ via direct or indirect contact

A

host

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4
Q

infectious microorganisms have the ability to live and duplicate within the __________

A

reservoir

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5
Q

the host of the infectious microorganism must have a portal of ____ AND _____ in order for the disease to SPREAD

A

portal of entry AND exit

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6
Q

infectious microorganisms are transferred through a host via ____ or ______ contact

A

direct or indirect

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7
Q

a “droplet” is a form of direct or indirect contact?

A

direct

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8
Q

being “airborne” is a form of direct or indirect contact?

A

indirect

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9
Q

a “vehicle-borne” is a form of direct or indirect contact?

A

indirect

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10
Q

a “vector-borne” is a form of direct or indirect contact?

A

indirect

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11
Q

the following describes what type of contact?

-the host physically touches the source of infection

A

direct contact

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12
Q

the following describes what type of contact?

-the source of infection is transferred through air quickly, in large particles, and in short distances

A

direct contact

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13
Q

the following describes what type of contact?

-the host touches an object that has been infected by the source of infection

A

indirect contact

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14
Q

the following describes what type of contact?

-the source of infection is transmitted through long distances in air and in small particles

A

airborne

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15
Q

the following describes what type of contact?

-many people can become infected when in contact with a contaminated fomite

A

vehicle-borne

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16
Q

the following describes what type of contact?

-an infectious vector transports the microorganisms

A

vector-borne

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17
Q

what is the most common method of infectious transmission?

A

direct contact

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18
Q

kissing, touching, sexual intercourse are examples of what transmission?

A

direct contact

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19
Q

talking, coughing, sneezing are examples of what transmission?

A

droplet

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20
Q

mumps, rubella, influenza, and pneumonia can be transmitted through _____

A

droplets

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21
Q

needles are an example of what type of infectious transmission? direct or indirect

A

indirect

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22
Q

herpes, impetigo, scabies, zoster can be transmitted through ___indirect//direct____ contact

A

indirect

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23
Q

airborne particles can stay in the air for how long?

A

for hours to days

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24
Q

measles, varicella, tuberculosis are examples of what type of transmission?

A

airborne

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25
Q

_____ are inanimate objects like food, water, medications, and equipment

A

fomites

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26
Q

T/F:

ONE fomite can infect MULTIPLE PEOPLE

A

TRUE

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27
Q

a “fomite” would be associated with a vehicle-borne OR vector-borne?

A

vehicle-borne

because inanimate object

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28
Q

flies, mosquitos, rats, ticks are examples of what type of transmission?

A

vector-borne

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29
Q

the _____ is where the infectious microorganisms are passed

A

host

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30
Q

the host MUST have what?

A

a portal of entry

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31
Q

what is the difference between Disinfection and Sterilization? which is more powerful

A

Disinfection decreases number of microorganisms whereas Sterilization completely destroys ALL microorganisms and spores

-sterilization is more powerful as it wipes every out

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32
Q

boiling water and chemical liquids can _____ equipment

A

disinfect

33
Q

moist or dry heat, steam under pressure, chemical sterilization, and ethylene oxide can _____ equipment

A

sterilize

34
Q

steam sterilizers are also known as ___________

A

steam autoclaves

35
Q

what is the most common way to STERILIZE equipment?

A

using steam -
steam sterilizers; steam autoclaves

36
Q

medical ______ decreases the amount of microorganism

A

medical asepsis

37
Q

unlike STERILE technique, medical aspepsis does not completely remove _____

A

spores

38
Q

the number one way to reduce nosocomial infections is proper _____

A

hand hygiene

39
Q

T/F:

after gloves are removed, hands should be washed

A

TRUE

40
Q

T/F:

hands should always be washed between treating patients

A

TRUE

41
Q

T/F:

gloves must be changed between procedures on the same patient

A

TRUE

42
Q

_______ ________ protect the worker against small droplet nuclei

A

particulate respirations

43
Q

the following is an image of a -

HINT ** more than mask, more than N95…

A

particulate respirator

44
Q

never _____ needles after use to avoid needle sticks

A

recap

45
Q

T/F:

if a needle stick occurs, it can be reported at the end of day

A

FALSE

-a needle stick must be reported immediately

46
Q

sharp equipment that can be disposed of, such as needles, must be placed where?

A

in a puncture-resistant container

47
Q

alpha cradles CAN or CANNOT be re-used?

A

cannot be

alpha cradles are not same things as vac-locks

48
Q

vac-locks CAN or CANNOT be re-used?

A

CAN be

49
Q

a _____ filter or ______-_____ pressure room is used for patient with tuberculosis

A

a HEPA filter or,
negative-air pressure room

50
Q

_______ isolation is used for immunosuppressed patients

A

reverse isolation

51
Q

what precaution helps protect an immunosuppressed patient from any infectious microorganisms the staff or visitors may have?

A

reverse isolation

52
Q

what type of infections are acquired within the health care setting?

A

nosocomial infections

53
Q

what type of infections can be caused from environmental aspects of the facility

A

nosocomial infections

54
Q

the following is describing what -

A. sterile technique
B. disinfection
C. medical aseptic technique

“decreases the amount of microorganisms”
“does not completely remove spores”
“examples = handwashing, cleaning the environment, wearing appropriate PPE, disinfecting articles and surfaces, the use of antiseptics”

A

medical aseptic technique

55
Q

the following is describing what -

A. sterile technique
B. disinfection
C. medical aseptic technique

“completely destroys all organisms and spores”
“moist or dry heat, steam under pressure, chemical sterilization, and ethylene oxide”
“steam sterilizers (or autoclave) - MOST COMMON WAY TO STERILIZE EQUIPMENT”

A

sterile technique

56
Q

what is the most common way to sterilize equipment?

A

steam sterilizers (or autoclave)

57
Q

the following is describing what -

A. sterile technique
B. disinfection
C. medical aseptic technique

“decreases the number of microorganisms”
“boiling water & chemical liquids can disinfect equipment”
“chemical agents: germicides, bactericides, fungicides, and virucides (like alcohol, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide)

A

disinfection

58
Q

a _________ host is where the infectious microorganisms is passed

A

susceptible

59
Q

the following is describing what way of transmission?

A. airborne
B. vector-borne (mechanical or biological)
C. vehicle-borne (fomite)

“an infectious vector transports the microorganisms. EX - flies, mosquitos, ticks, rats”

A

vector-borne (mechanical or biological)

60
Q

the following is describing what way of transmission?

A. airborne
B. vector-borne (mechanical or biological)
C. vehicle-borne

“many people can become infected when in contact with a contaminated fomite. EX - food, water, blood, etc”

A

vehicle-borne (fomite)

61
Q

what’s another term to describe the “vehicle- borne” way of transmission?

A

fomite

62
Q

the following is describing what way of transmission?

A. airborne
B. vector-borne (mechanical or biological)
C. vehicle-borne

“transmitted through long distances in air and in small particles; can stay in the air for hours to days. EX - measles, TB, varicella”

A

airborne

63
Q

what are ways of transmission that are considered INDIRECT? (3)

A

airborne
vector-borne (mechanical or biological)
vehicle-borne (fomite)

64
Q

the following is describing DIRECT or INDIRECT contact -

host touches an object that has been infected by the source
ex - needles

A

INDIRECT

65
Q

the following is describing Mechanical or Biological Vector-borne transmission?

“infectious agent undergoes maturation processes in an intermediate host (vector) before they are transmitted to humans”

A

Biological

66
Q

the following is describing Mechanical or Biological Vector-borne transmission?

“types of vectors simply carry the infectious agent”

A

Mechanical

67
Q

the following is describing DIRECT or INDIRECT contact -

“host physically touches the source”

A

DIRECT

68
Q

is indirect or direct contact more common?

A

direct contact spread is more common

69
Q

the following are considered direct or indirect forms of contact –>

touch of skin
kiss
sexual intercourse

A

direct

70
Q

is Droplet considered DIRECT or INDIRECT?

A

droplet is considered a direct form of contact!!!

71
Q

the following is describing what way of transmission?

“transferred through air quickly, in large particles, and short distances”
“ex. talking, coughing, sneezing”
“ex. rubella, influenza, colds”

A

droplet

72
Q

describe the Cycle of Infection -

A

a pathogen leaves a reservoir host through a portal of exit;

then transmission (from source to host) happens with a portal of entry;

the susceptible host is now infected

73
Q

____________ = a microorganism that causes an infectious disease

A

pathogen

74
Q

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, algae are all examples of what?

A

pathogens

75
Q

source of infection can also be called a _____________

A

reservoir

76
Q

reservoir = ___________________

A

where the microorganism lives and reproduces

77
Q

what are the 3 types of reservoirs?

A

human reservoirs
animal reservoirs
environmental reservoirs

78
Q

______________ is needed for the pathogen to leave & enter

A

portal of entry and a portal of exit

Patient Care: 1. Patient Interactions and Management (14 decks)

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