Infection Control and Prevention Flashcards
the following describes what?
“a microorganism that causes an infectious disease”
Pathogen
infectious microorganisms originate from a _______
source
infectious microorganisms are transferred through a ______ via direct or indirect contact
host
infectious microorganisms have the ability to live and duplicate within the __________
reservoir
the host of the infectious microorganism must have a portal of ____ AND _____ in order for the disease to SPREAD
portal of entry AND exit
infectious microorganisms are transferred through a host via ____ or ______ contact
direct or indirect
a “droplet” is a form of direct or indirect contact?
direct
being “airborne” is a form of direct or indirect contact?
indirect
a “vehicle-borne” is a form of direct or indirect contact?
indirect
a “vector-borne” is a form of direct or indirect contact?
indirect
the following describes what type of contact?
-the host physically touches the source of infection
direct contact
the following describes what type of contact?
-the source of infection is transferred through air quickly, in large particles, and in short distances
direct contact
the following describes what type of contact?
-the host touches an object that has been infected by the source of infection
indirect contact
the following describes what type of contact?
-the source of infection is transmitted through long distances in air and in small particles
airborne
the following describes what type of contact?
-many people can become infected when in contact with a contaminated fomite
vehicle-borne
the following describes what type of contact?
-an infectious vector transports the microorganisms
vector-borne
what is the most common method of infectious transmission?
direct contact
kissing, touching, sexual intercourse are examples of what transmission?
direct contact
talking, coughing, sneezing are examples of what transmission?
droplet
mumps, rubella, influenza, and pneumonia can be transmitted through _____
droplets
needles are an example of what type of infectious transmission? direct or indirect
indirect
herpes, impetigo, scabies, zoster can be transmitted through ___indirect//direct____ contact
indirect
airborne particles can stay in the air for how long?
for hours to days
measles, varicella, tuberculosis are examples of what type of transmission?
airborne
_____ are inanimate objects like food, water, medications, and equipment
fomites
T/F:
ONE fomite can infect MULTIPLE PEOPLE
TRUE
a “fomite” would be associated with a vehicle-borne OR vector-borne?
vehicle-borne
because inanimate object
flies, mosquitos, rats, ticks are examples of what type of transmission?
vector-borne
the _____ is where the infectious microorganisms are passed
host
the host MUST have what?
a portal of entry
what is the difference between Disinfection and Sterilization? which is more powerful
Disinfection decreases number of microorganisms whereas Sterilization completely destroys ALL microorganisms and spores
-sterilization is more powerful as it wipes every out
boiling water and chemical liquids can _____ equipment
disinfect
moist or dry heat, steam under pressure, chemical sterilization, and ethylene oxide can _____ equipment
sterilize
steam sterilizers are also known as ___________
steam autoclaves
what is the most common way to STERILIZE equipment?
using steam -
steam sterilizers; steam autoclaves
medical ______ decreases the amount of microorganism
medical asepsis
unlike STERILE technique, medical aspepsis does not completely remove _____
spores
the number one way to reduce nosocomial infections is proper _____
hand hygiene
T/F:
after gloves are removed, hands should be washed
TRUE
T/F:
hands should always be washed between treating patients
TRUE
T/F:
gloves must be changed between procedures on the same patient
TRUE
_______ ________ protect the worker against small droplet nuclei
particulate respirations
the following is an image of a -
HINT ** more than mask, more than N95…
particulate respirator
never _____ needles after use to avoid needle sticks
recap
T/F:
if a needle stick occurs, it can be reported at the end of day
FALSE
-a needle stick must be reported immediately
sharp equipment that can be disposed of, such as needles, must be placed where?
in a puncture-resistant container
alpha cradles CAN or CANNOT be re-used?
cannot be
alpha cradles are not same things as vac-locks
vac-locks CAN or CANNOT be re-used?
CAN be
a _____ filter or ______-_____ pressure room is used for patient with tuberculosis
a HEPA filter or,
negative-air pressure room
_______ isolation is used for immunosuppressed patients
reverse isolation
what precaution helps protect an immunosuppressed patient from any infectious microorganisms the staff or visitors may have?
reverse isolation
what type of infections are acquired within the health care setting?
nosocomial infections
what type of infections can be caused from environmental aspects of the facility
nosocomial infections
the following is describing what -
A. sterile technique
B. disinfection
C. medical aseptic technique
“decreases the amount of microorganisms”
“does not completely remove spores”
“examples = handwashing, cleaning the environment, wearing appropriate PPE, disinfecting articles and surfaces, the use of antiseptics”
medical aseptic technique
the following is describing what -
A. sterile technique
B. disinfection
C. medical aseptic technique
“completely destroys all organisms and spores”
“moist or dry heat, steam under pressure, chemical sterilization, and ethylene oxide”
“steam sterilizers (or autoclave) - MOST COMMON WAY TO STERILIZE EQUIPMENT”
sterile technique
what is the most common way to sterilize equipment?
steam sterilizers (or autoclave)
the following is describing what -
A. sterile technique
B. disinfection
C. medical aseptic technique
“decreases the number of microorganisms”
“boiling water & chemical liquids can disinfect equipment”
“chemical agents: germicides, bactericides, fungicides, and virucides (like alcohol, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide)
disinfection
a _________ host is where the infectious microorganisms is passed
susceptible
the following is describing what way of transmission?
A. airborne
B. vector-borne (mechanical or biological)
C. vehicle-borne (fomite)
“an infectious vector transports the microorganisms. EX - flies, mosquitos, ticks, rats”
vector-borne (mechanical or biological)
the following is describing what way of transmission?
A. airborne
B. vector-borne (mechanical or biological)
C. vehicle-borne
“many people can become infected when in contact with a contaminated fomite. EX - food, water, blood, etc”
vehicle-borne (fomite)
what’s another term to describe the “vehicle- borne” way of transmission?
fomite
the following is describing what way of transmission?
A. airborne
B. vector-borne (mechanical or biological)
C. vehicle-borne
“transmitted through long distances in air and in small particles; can stay in the air for hours to days. EX - measles, TB, varicella”
airborne
what are ways of transmission that are considered INDIRECT? (3)
airborne
vector-borne (mechanical or biological)
vehicle-borne (fomite)
the following is describing DIRECT or INDIRECT contact -
host touches an object that has been infected by the source
ex - needles
INDIRECT
the following is describing Mechanical or Biological Vector-borne transmission?
“infectious agent undergoes maturation processes in an intermediate host (vector) before they are transmitted to humans”
Biological
the following is describing Mechanical or Biological Vector-borne transmission?
“types of vectors simply carry the infectious agent”
Mechanical
the following is describing DIRECT or INDIRECT contact -
“host physically touches the source”
DIRECT
is indirect or direct contact more common?
direct contact spread is more common
the following are considered direct or indirect forms of contact –>
touch of skin
kiss
sexual intercourse
direct
is Droplet considered DIRECT or INDIRECT?
droplet is considered a direct form of contact!!!
the following is describing what way of transmission?
“transferred through air quickly, in large particles, and short distances”
“ex. talking, coughing, sneezing”
“ex. rubella, influenza, colds”
droplet
describe the Cycle of Infection -
a pathogen leaves a reservoir host through a portal of exit;
then transmission (from source to host) happens with a portal of entry;
the susceptible host is now infected
____________ = a microorganism that causes an infectious disease
pathogen
bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, algae are all examples of what?
pathogens
source of infection can also be called a _____________
reservoir
reservoir = ___________________
where the microorganism lives and reproduces
what are the 3 types of reservoirs?
human reservoirs
animal reservoirs
environmental reservoirs
______________ is needed for the pathogen to leave & enter
portal of entry and a portal of exit
