Infection Control and Prevention Flashcards by Olivia Miller

Q

the following describes what?

“a microorganism that causes an infectious disease”

A

Pathogen

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Q

infectious microorganisms originate from a _______

A

source

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Q

infectious microorganisms are transferred through a ______ via direct or indirect contact

A

host

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Q

infectious microorganisms have the ability to live and duplicate within the __________

A

reservoir

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Q

the host of the infectious microorganism must have a portal of ____ AND _____ in order for the disease to SPREAD

A

portal of entry AND exit

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Q

infectious microorganisms are transferred through a host via ____ or ______ contact

A

direct or indirect

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Q

a “droplet” is a form of direct or indirect contact?

A

direct

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Q

being “airborne” is a form of direct or indirect contact?

A

indirect

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Q

a “vehicle-borne” is a form of direct or indirect contact?

A

indirect

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Q

a “vector-borne” is a form of direct or indirect contact?

A

indirect

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Q

the following describes what type of contact?

-the host physically touches the source of infection

A

direct contact

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Q

the following describes what type of contact?

-the source of infection is transferred through air quickly, in large particles, and in short distances

A

direct contact

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Q

the following describes what type of contact?

-the host touches an object that has been infected by the source of infection

A

indirect contact

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Q

the following describes what type of contact?

-the source of infection is transmitted through long distances in air and in small particles

A

airborne

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Q

the following describes what type of contact?

-many people can become infected when in contact with a contaminated fomite

A

vehicle-borne

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Q

the following describes what type of contact?

-an infectious vector transports the microorganisms

A

vector-borne

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Q

what is the most common method of infectious transmission?

A

direct contact

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Q

kissing, touching, sexual intercourse are examples of what transmission?

A

direct contact

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Q

talking, coughing, sneezing are examples of what transmission?

A

droplet

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Q

mumps, rubella, influenza, and pneumonia can be transmitted through _____

A

droplets

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Q

needles are an example of what type of infectious transmission? direct or indirect

A

indirect

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Q

herpes, impetigo, scabies, zoster can be transmitted through ___indirect//direct____ contact

A

indirect

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Q

airborne particles can stay in the air for how long?

A

for hours to days

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Q

measles, varicella, tuberculosis are examples of what type of transmission?

A

airborne

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_____ are inanimate objects like food, water, medications, and equipment

fomites

T/F: ONE fomite can infect MULTIPLE PEOPLE

TRUE

a "fomite" would be associated with a vehicle-borne OR vector-borne?

vehicle-borne because inanimate object

flies, mosquitos, rats, ticks are examples of what type of transmission?

vector-borne

the _____ is where the infectious microorganisms are passed

host

the host MUST have what?

a portal of entry

what is the difference between Disinfection and Sterilization? which is more powerful

Disinfection decreases number of microorganisms whereas Sterilization completely destroys ALL microorganisms and spores -sterilization is more powerful as it wipes every out

boiling water and chemical liquids can _____ equipment

disinfect

moist or dry heat, steam under pressure, chemical sterilization, and ethylene oxide can _____ equipment

sterilize

steam sterilizers are also known as ___________

steam autoclaves

what is the most common way to STERILIZE equipment?

using steam - steam sterilizers; steam autoclaves

medical ______ decreases the amount of microorganism

medical asepsis

unlike STERILE technique, medical aspepsis does not completely remove _____

spores

the number one way to reduce nosocomial infections is proper _____

hand hygiene

T/F: after gloves are removed, hands should be washed

TRUE

T/F: hands should always be washed between treating patients

TRUE

T/F: gloves must be changed between procedures on the same patient

TRUE

_______ ________ protect the worker against small droplet nuclei

particulate respirations

the following is an image of a - HINT ** more than mask, more than N95...

particulate respirator

never _____ needles after use to avoid needle sticks

recap

T/F: if a needle stick occurs, it can be reported at the end of day

FALSE -a needle stick must be reported immediately

sharp equipment that can be disposed of, such as needles, must be placed where?

in a puncture-resistant container

alpha cradles CAN or CANNOT be re-used?

cannot be alpha cradles are not same things as vac-locks

vac-locks CAN or CANNOT be re-used?

CAN be

a _____ filter or ______-_____ pressure room is used for patient with tuberculosis

a HEPA filter or, negative-air pressure room

_______ isolation is used for immunosuppressed patients

reverse isolation

what precaution helps protect an immunosuppressed patient from any infectious microorganisms the staff or visitors may have?

reverse isolation

what type of infections are acquired within the health care setting?

nosocomial infections

what type of infections can be caused from environmental aspects of the facility

nosocomial infections

the following is describing what - A. sterile technique B. disinfection C. medical aseptic technique "decreases the amount of microorganisms" "does not completely remove spores" "examples = handwashing, cleaning the environment, wearing appropriate PPE, disinfecting articles and surfaces, the use of antiseptics"

medical aseptic technique

the following is describing what - A. sterile technique B. disinfection C. medical aseptic technique "completely destroys all organisms and spores" "moist or dry heat, steam under pressure, chemical sterilization, and ethylene oxide" "steam sterilizers (or autoclave) - MOST COMMON WAY TO STERILIZE EQUIPMENT"

sterile technique

what is the most common way to sterilize equipment?

steam sterilizers (or autoclave)

the following is describing what - A. sterile technique B. disinfection C. medical aseptic technique "decreases the number of microorganisms" "boiling water & chemical liquids can disinfect equipment" "chemical agents: germicides, bactericides, fungicides, and virucides (like alcohol, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide)

disinfection

a _________ host is where the infectious microorganisms is passed

susceptible

the following is describing what way of transmission? A. airborne B. vector-borne (mechanical or biological) C. vehicle-borne (fomite) "an infectious vector transports the microorganisms. EX - flies, mosquitos, ticks, rats"

vector-borne (mechanical or biological)

the following is describing what way of transmission? A. airborne B. vector-borne (mechanical or biological) C. vehicle-borne "many people can become infected when in contact with a contaminated fomite. EX - food, water, blood, etc"

vehicle-borne (fomite)

what's another term to describe the "vehicle- borne" way of transmission?

fomite

the following is describing what way of transmission? A. airborne B. vector-borne (mechanical or biological) C. vehicle-borne "transmitted through long distances in air and in small particles; can stay in the air for hours to days. EX - measles, TB, varicella"

airborne

what are ways of transmission that are considered INDIRECT? (3)

airborne vector-borne (mechanical or biological) vehicle-borne (fomite)

the following is describing DIRECT or INDIRECT contact - host touches an object that has been infected by the source ex - needles

INDIRECT

the following is describing Mechanical or Biological Vector-borne transmission? "infectious agent undergoes maturation processes in an intermediate host (vector) before they are transmitted to humans"

Biological

the following is describing Mechanical or Biological Vector-borne transmission? "types of vectors simply carry the infectious agent"

Mechanical

the following is describing DIRECT or INDIRECT contact - "host physically touches the source"

DIRECT

is indirect or direct contact more common?

direct contact spread is more common

the following are considered direct or indirect forms of contact --> touch of skin kiss sexual intercourse

direct

is Droplet considered DIRECT or INDIRECT?

droplet is considered a direct form of contact!!!

the following is describing what way of transmission? "transferred through air quickly, in large particles, and short distances" "ex. talking, coughing, sneezing" "ex. rubella, influenza, colds"

droplet

describe the Cycle of Infection -

a pathogen leaves a reservoir host through a portal of exit; then transmission (from source to host) happens with a portal of entry; the susceptible host is now infected

____________ = a microorganism that causes an infectious disease

pathogen

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, algae are all examples of what?

pathogens

source of infection can also be called a _____________

reservoir

reservoir = ___________________

where the microorganism lives and reproduces

what are the 3 types of reservoirs?

human reservoirs animal reservoirs environmental reservoirs

______________ is needed for the pathogen to leave & enter

portal of entry and a portal of exit