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Patient Care: 1. Patient Interactions and Management > AMY HEATH REVIEW Q'S (ch 10) > Flashcards

AMY HEATH REVIEW Q'S (ch 10) Flashcards

1
Q
  1. A change in the size, shape, and organization of a cell is defined as:

A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia

A

D. Dysplasia

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2
Q
  1. Neoplasia is:

A. Increase in size of cell
B. Abnormal, rapid growth of benign or malignant cells
C. Decrease in size and function of a cell
D. Change in number of cells in a tissue

A

B. Abnormal, rapid growth of benign or malignant cells

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3
Q
  1. Which is not a sign of inflammation?

A. Coolness of tissue
B. Edema
C. Pain
D. Loss of function

A

A. Coolness of tissue

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4
Q
  1. Swelling in tissue caused by excessive extravascular fluid is termed:

A. Sepsis
B. Edema
C. Hematoma
D. Extravasation

A

B. Edema

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5
Q
  1. A blood clot passing through a vessel with the ability to obstruct the lumen of
    a vessel is termed:

A. Thrombus
B. Embolism
C. Infarction
D. All of the above are correct

A

B. Embolism

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6
Q
  1. Thrombocytopenia characterizes a decreased number of:

A. Platelets
B. Formed elements of blood (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets)
C. White blood cells
D. Red blood cells

A

A. Platelets

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7
Q
  1. Which is not a risk factor for hypertension?

A. Older age
B. Smoking
C. High-fiber diet
D. Family history

A

C. High-fiber diet

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8
Q
  1. An epidural hematoma is when there is a hematoma between:

A. Skull and dura mater
B. Dura mater and arachnoid mater
C. Arachnoid mater and pia mater
D. Pia mater and brain

A

A. Skull and dura mater

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9
Q
  1. What disease of the central nervous system is characterized by progressive
    demyelinization of neurons, with plaque formation around the nerves?

A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Alzheimer’s disease
C. Schizophrenia
D. Meningitis

A

A. Multiple sclerosis

-There is a higher incidence of MS in colder
climates and in women, involving a series of flare-ups and remissions with
progressive loss of motor and sensory function

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10
Q
  1. A cataract of the eye is:

A. Increased pressure within the eye
B. Clouding of the lens of the eye
C. Central impairment of the vision field
D. Inflammation of the conjunctiva

A

B. Clouding of the lens of the eye

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11
Q
  1. The eye disorder that involves increased pressure within the eye is called-

A. Cataract
B. Glaucoma
C. Macular degeneration
D. Retinal detachment

A

B. Glaucoma

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11
Q
  1. What is the medical term used for a middle-ear infection?

A. Presbycusis
B. Otitis media
C. Acoustic otitis
D. Presbyotitis

A

B. Otitis media

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11
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of hyperthyroidism?

A. Increased metabolism
B. Exopthalmus
C. Decreased blood pressure
D. Anxiety

A

C. Decreased blood pressure

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following is true regarding hypothyroidism?

A. Patients present with weight gain
B. More common in men
C. Treated with radioactive iodine
D. Caused by overabundance of thyroid hormones

A

A. Patients present with weight gain

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13
Q
  1. What term is used to describe enlargement of male breasts due to proliferation
    of glandular tissue?

A. Fibrocystic breasts
B. Fibroadenoma
C. Gynecomastia
D. Breast cancer

A

C. Gynecomastia

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14
Q
  1. The most common benign breast tumor is:

A. Fibrocystic breasts
B. DCIS
C. Fibroadenoma
D. Gynecomastia

A

C. Fibroadenoma

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15
Q
  1. Air in the pleural cavity is referred to as:

A. Atelectasis
B. Pneumothorax
C. Pleural effusion
D. Pneumonia

A

B. Pneumothorax

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16
Q
  1. What is the name of the condition that results in fluid accumulating in the pleural
    space?

A. Pleuritis
B. Pleural effusion
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Pneumothorax

A

B. Pleural effusion

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17
Q
  1. Inflammation and consolidation of the pulmonary parenchyma describes

A. Lung abscess
B. Adult respiratory distress syndrome
C. Pneumoconiosis
D. Pneumonia

A

D. Pneumonia

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18
Q
  1. What disorder is characterized by the stomach contents backing into the
    esophagus?

A. Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD)
B. Barrett’s esophagus
C. Peptic ulcer disease
D. Crohn’s disease

A

A. Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD)

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19
Q
  1. Which of the following is not true regarding type 1 diabetes?

A. Common in children
B. Pancreas does not produce insulin
C. Can be managed by diet and exercised
D. Rapid onset of symptoms

A

C. Can be managed by diet and exercised

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20
Q
  1. Abdominal weight gain, moon face, buffalo hump, and hypertension are all signs
    and symptoms of what endocrine disorder?

A. Addison’s disease
B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Acromegaly
D. Pancreatitis

A

B. Cushing’s syndrome

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21
Q
  1. What strain of hepatitis is spread through contaminated food and water?

A. Hepatitis A
B. Hepatitis B
C. Hepatitis C
D. All of the above

A

A. Hepatitis A

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22
Q
  1. Which is NOT true regarding jaundice?

A. Results in yellowed skin and sclera
B. Caused by increased destruction of RBC’s
C. Caused by obstruction of bile
D. Uncommon in newborns

A

D. Uncommon in newborns

  • jaundice IS common in newborns
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23
Q
  1. A urinary tract infection of the kidney is termed:

A. Nephrolithiasis
B. Pyelonephritis
C. Cystitis
D. Urethritis

A

B. Pyelonephritis

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24
Q
  1. What disorder of the male reproductive system results in nocturia, polyuria and
    decreased pressure of the urinary system?

A. Cryptorchidism
B. Phimosis
C. Benign prostatic hypertrophy
D. All of the above

A

C. Benign prostatic hypertrophy

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25
Q
  1. The presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus, which engorges and
    sheds in a cyclic manner like the menstrual cycle is termed:

A. Uterine fibroids
B. Endometriosis
C. Ovarian cysts
D. Polycystic ovarian syndrome

A

C. Ovarian cysts

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26
Q
  1. A sign or symptom of polycystic ovarian syndrome is:

A. Amenorrhea
B. Ascites
C. Vaginal discharge
D. Polyuria

A

A. Amenorrhea

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27
Q
  1. Risk factors for osteoporosis include all of the following except:

A. Late menopause
B. Family history
C. Small build
D. Smoking

A

A. Late menopause

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28
Q
  1. The most common joint disease is:

A. Osteoarthritis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Atherosclerosis
D. Osteoporosis

A

A. Osteoarthritis

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29
Q
  1. The medical term for hives is:

A. Dermatitis
B. Urticaria
C. Psoriasis
D. Scleroderma

A

B. Urticaria

30
Q
  1. Fungal infections (Choose all that apply):

A. Occur in skin folds
B. Cause itching
C. Are treated with antibiotics

A

A. Occur in skin folds
B. Cause itching

31
Q
  1. The inflammatory skin condition that involves a very increased rate of cellular
    proliferation is:

A. Scleroderma
B. Psoriasis
C. Eczema
D. Lichen planus

A

B. Psoriasis

32
Q

_________ is an increase in size and function of a cell

A

Hypertrophy

33
Q

__________ is an
increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue

A

Hyperplasia

34
Q

_______ is transformation of the cell into a different cell type

A

Metaplasia

35
Q

The five signs of inflammation include-

A

redness, heat, edema, pain, and loss of function

36
Q

_________ is a nonspecific defense that occurs in response to tissue injury
in order to prepare tissue for healing

A

Inflammation

37
Q

a blood clot inside the lumen of a blood vessel and fixed to the blood vessel
wall is termed a ___________

A

thrombus

38
Q

An _________ is a blood clot NOT fixed to blood vessel wall, but is rather passing through the blood vessel with the ability to obstruct
the lumen of the vessel

A

embolism

39
Q

An __________ can occur in any blood vessel causing
ischemic necrosis in nearby tissue and is caused by blood clot obstructing the
blood vessel.

A

infarction

40
Q

____________ describes a decreased number of formed elements (RBCs,
WBCs, platelets) in the blood

A

Pancytopenia

41
Q

___________ hematomas are between arachnoid and dura
mater

A

Subdural

42
Q

a __________ hematoma occurs between arachnoid and brain surface

A

subarachnoid

43
Q

an __________ hematoma results from
trauma which ruptures the intracerebral vessels causing bleeding into the brain

A

intracerebral

44
Q

_________ disease is the most
common cause of dementia, causing generalized atrophy of brain with plaques
and neurofibrillary tangles.

A

Alzheimer’s

45
Q

___________ is characterized by psychotic
symptoms that significantly impair functioning and that involve disturbances in
feeling, thinking, and behavior

A

Schizophrenia

46
Q

________ is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord often caused by viral or bacterial infections, resulting in pus in the
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Meningitis

47
Q

__________ results in central impairment of the
vision fi eld, while peripheral vision remains normal

A

Macular degeneration

48
Q

___________ is inflammation of the conjunctiva due to virus, bacteria, or allergens.

A

Conjunctivitis ie. pink
eye

49
Q

another name for “conjunctivitis” is what?

A

pink eye

50
Q

________ describes age- related hearing loss

A

Presbycusis

51
Q

__________ refers to a
middle-ear infection

A

otitis media

52
Q

Hyperthyroidism is very common in ________, caused by an overproduction
of thyroid hormones

A

women

53
Q

Hyperthyroidism is treated how?

A

with radioactive iodine

54
Q

________ describes a lung collapse due to obstruction or compression.

A

Atelectasis

55
Q

________ is another common lung disorder, resulting in chronic airway obstruction
due to chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema

A

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

56
Q

_________ esophagus can be caused by chronic GERD, in which the
squamous epithelium is replaced by columnar epithelium

A

Barrett’s

57
Q

_________ are created when there are breaks in the gastric mucosa from
gastric secretions

A

Peptic ulcer disease ie. gastric ulcers

58
Q

_________ disease is inflammation of all five layers of bowel
wall, causing edema and fibrosis of the bowel.

A

Crohn’s

59
Q

Type ___ diabetes is caused by autoantibodies, mostly in childhood and
adolescence, causing the pancreas to produce little to no insulin

-and presents with a rapid onset of symptoms, and requires the patient to intake insulin
by mouth or injection

A

1

60
Q

Type __ diabetes is caused by insulin resistance and insulin
deficiency, and is most common in obese adults. Some cases of type ___ diabetes
can be managed with diet restrictions and exercise

A

2

61
Q

_______ disease is an adrenal insufficiency due to destructive atrophy of the
adrenal glands caused by long term use or sudden withdrawal of oral steroids

A

Addison’s

62
Q

________ syndrome can be caused by a pituitary
tumor, small cell lung cancer secretion of ACTH, or
steroids.

-Signs and symptoms include abdominal weight gain, moon face (round
face), buffalo hump (fat pad on upper back), thinning skin, purple striae (stretch
marks)

A

Cushing’s

63
Q

Hepatitis ___ is spread via oral-fecal route by improper hand-washing or
contaminated food and water

A

A

64
Q

Hepatitis ___ and ___ are spread via bodily fluids.

A

B and C

65
Q

_________, or kidney stones, are calcium stones in the kidney due to
high levels of circulating calcium

A

Nephrolithiasis

66
Q

Urinary tract infections can occur _______
along urinary tract.

A

anywhere

67
Q
  1. a kidney infection is termed ______
  2. a bladder infection is termed ___
  3. a infection in the urethra is termed _____
A
  1. pyelonephritis
  2. cystitis
  3. urethritis
68
Q

_________, or undescended testicle, present at birth and may resolve
itself in first year of life or need surgery to bring down

A

Cryptorchidism

69
Q

______ = inability to retract foreskin of penis

A

Phimosis

70
Q

_____________ is
enlargement of prostate

  • trt is surgery
A

Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

71
Q

e. Uterine fi broids are benign
tumors of the ________

A

myometrium

72
Q

OsteoArthritis , or wear and tear arthritis, is the most common joint disease.
whereas -
_________ arthritis is a chronic systemic, autoimmune disease involving
synovial joints, causing extreme deformities of the knuckles, wrists, elbows,
and ankles

A

Rheumatoid

73
Q

____________ is a reduction in bone density over time, causing fragile bones
and fractures

A

OsteoPorosis

74
Q

______ = hives

A

urticaria

-Urticaria , or hives, is an allergic reaction due to a histamine release.
Treatment is antihistamines, or epinephrine in severe cases

Patient Care: 1. Patient Interactions and Management (14 decks)

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