AMY HEATH REVIEW Q'S (ch 10) Flashcards by Olivia Miller

A change in the size, shape, and organization of a cell is defined as:

A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia

D. Dysplasia

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Neoplasia is:

A. Increase in size of cell
B. Abnormal, rapid growth of benign or malignant cells
C. Decrease in size and function of a cell
D. Change in number of cells in a tissue

B. Abnormal, rapid growth of benign or malignant cells

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Which is not a sign of inflammation?

A. Coolness of tissue
B. Edema
C. Pain
D. Loss of function

A. Coolness of tissue

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Swelling in tissue caused by excessive extravascular fluid is termed:

A. Sepsis
B. Edema
C. Hematoma
D. Extravasation

B. Edema

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A blood clot passing through a vessel with the ability to obstruct the lumen of
a vessel is termed:

A. Thrombus
B. Embolism
C. Infarction
D. All of the above are correct

B. Embolism

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Thrombocytopenia characterizes a decreased number of:

A. Platelets
B. Formed elements of blood (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets)
C. White blood cells
D. Red blood cells

A. Platelets

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Which is not a risk factor for hypertension?

A. Older age
B. Smoking
C. High-fiber diet
D. Family history

C. High-fiber diet

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An epidural hematoma is when there is a hematoma between:

A. Skull and dura mater
B. Dura mater and arachnoid mater
C. Arachnoid mater and pia mater
D. Pia mater and brain

A. Skull and dura mater

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What disease of the central nervous system is characterized by progressive
demyelinization of neurons, with plaque formation around the nerves?

A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Alzheimer’s disease
C. Schizophrenia
D. Meningitis

A. Multiple sclerosis

-There is a higher incidence of MS in colder
climates and in women, involving a series of flare-ups and remissions with
progressive loss of motor and sensory function

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A cataract of the eye is:

A. Increased pressure within the eye
B. Clouding of the lens of the eye
C. Central impairment of the vision field
D. Inflammation of the conjunctiva

B. Clouding of the lens of the eye

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The eye disorder that involves increased pressure within the eye is called-

A. Cataract
B. Glaucoma
C. Macular degeneration
D. Retinal detachment

B. Glaucoma

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What is the medical term used for a middle-ear infection?

A. Presbycusis
B. Otitis media
C. Acoustic otitis
D. Presbyotitis

B. Otitis media

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Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of hyperthyroidism?

A. Increased metabolism
B. Exopthalmus
C. Decreased blood pressure
D. Anxiety

C. Decreased blood pressure

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Which of the following is true regarding hypothyroidism?

A. Patients present with weight gain
B. More common in men
C. Treated with radioactive iodine
D. Caused by overabundance of thyroid hormones

A. Patients present with weight gain

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What term is used to describe enlargement of male breasts due to proliferation
of glandular tissue?

A. Fibrocystic breasts
B. Fibroadenoma
C. Gynecomastia
D. Breast cancer

C. Gynecomastia

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The most common benign breast tumor is:

A. Fibrocystic breasts
B. DCIS
C. Fibroadenoma
D. Gynecomastia

C. Fibroadenoma

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Air in the pleural cavity is referred to as:

A. Atelectasis
B. Pneumothorax
C. Pleural effusion
D. Pneumonia

B. Pneumothorax

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What is the name of the condition that results in fluid accumulating in the pleural
space?

A. Pleuritis
B. Pleural effusion
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Pneumothorax

B. Pleural effusion

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Inflammation and consolidation of the pulmonary parenchyma describes

A. Lung abscess
B. Adult respiratory distress syndrome
C. Pneumoconiosis
D. Pneumonia

D. Pneumonia

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What disorder is characterized by the stomach contents backing into the
esophagus?

A. Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD)
B. Barrett’s esophagus
C. Peptic ulcer disease
D. Crohn’s disease

A. Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD)

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Which of the following is not true regarding type 1 diabetes?

A. Common in children
B. Pancreas does not produce insulin
C. Can be managed by diet and exercised
D. Rapid onset of symptoms

C. Can be managed by diet and exercised

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Abdominal weight gain, moon face, buffalo hump, and hypertension are all signs
and symptoms of what endocrine disorder?

A. Addison’s disease
B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Acromegaly
D. Pancreatitis

B. Cushing’s syndrome

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What strain of hepatitis is spread through contaminated food and water?

A. Hepatitis A
B. Hepatitis B
C. Hepatitis C
D. All of the above

A. Hepatitis A

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Which is NOT true regarding jaundice?

A. Results in yellowed skin and sclera
B. Caused by increased destruction of RBC’s
C. Caused by obstruction of bile
D. Uncommon in newborns

D. Uncommon in newborns

jaundice IS common in newborns

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25. A urinary tract infection of the kidney is termed: A. Nephrolithiasis B. Pyelonephritis C. Cystitis D. Urethritis

B. Pyelonephritis

26. What disorder of the male reproductive system results in nocturia, polyuria and decreased pressure of the urinary system? A. Cryptorchidism B. Phimosis C. Benign prostatic hypertrophy D. All of the above

C. Benign prostatic hypertrophy

27. The presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus, which engorges and sheds in a cyclic manner like the menstrual cycle is termed: A. Uterine fibroids B. Endometriosis C. Ovarian cysts D. Polycystic ovarian syndrome

C. Ovarian cysts

28. A sign or symptom of polycystic ovarian syndrome is: A. Amenorrhea B. Ascites C. Vaginal discharge D. Polyuria

A. Amenorrhea

29. Risk factors for osteoporosis include all of the following except: A. Late menopause B. Family history C. Small build D. Smoking

A. Late menopause

30. The most common joint disease is: A. Osteoarthritis B. Rheumatoid arthritis C. Atherosclerosis D. Osteoporosis

A. Osteoarthritis

31. The medical term for hives is: A. Dermatitis B. Urticaria C. Psoriasis D. Scleroderma

B. Urticaria

32. Fungal infections (Choose all that apply): A. Occur in skin folds B. Cause itching C. Are treated with antibiotics

A. Occur in skin folds B. Cause itching

33. The inflammatory skin condition that involves a very increased rate of cellular proliferation is: A. Scleroderma B. Psoriasis C. Eczema D. Lichen planus

B. Psoriasis

_________ is an increase in size and function of a cell

Hypertrophy

__________ is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue

Hyperplasia

_______ is transformation of the cell into a different cell type

Metaplasia

The five signs of inflammation include-

redness, heat, edema, pain, and loss of function

_________ is a nonspecific defense that occurs in response to tissue injury in order to prepare tissue for healing

Inflammation

a blood clot inside the lumen of a blood vessel and fixed to the blood vessel wall is termed a ___________

thrombus

An _________ is a blood clot NOT fixed to blood vessel wall, but is rather passing through the blood vessel with the ability to obstruct the lumen of the vessel

embolism

An __________ can occur in any blood vessel causing ischemic necrosis in nearby tissue and is caused by blood clot obstructing the blood vessel.

infarction

____________ describes a decreased number of formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) in the blood

Pancytopenia

___________ hematomas are between arachnoid and dura mater

Subdural

a __________ hematoma occurs between arachnoid and brain surface

subarachnoid

an __________ hematoma results from trauma which ruptures the intracerebral vessels causing bleeding into the brain

intracerebral

_________ disease is the most common cause of dementia, causing generalized atrophy of brain with plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

Alzheimer’s

___________ is characterized by psychotic symptoms that significantly impair functioning and that involve disturbances in feeling, thinking, and behavior

Schizophrenia

________ is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord often caused by viral or bacterial infections, resulting in pus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Meningitis

__________ results in central impairment of the vision fi eld, while peripheral vision remains normal

Macular degeneration

___________ is inflammation of the conjunctiva due to virus, bacteria, or allergens.

Conjunctivitis ie. pink eye

another name for "conjunctivitis" is what?

pink eye

________ describes age- related hearing loss

Presbycusis

__________ refers to a middle-ear infection

otitis media

Hyperthyroidism is very common in ________, caused by an overproduction of thyroid hormones

women

Hyperthyroidism is treated how?

with radioactive iodine

________ describes a lung collapse due to obstruction or compression.

Atelectasis

________ is another common lung disorder, resulting in chronic airway obstruction due to chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

_________ esophagus can be caused by chronic GERD, in which the squamous epithelium is replaced by columnar epithelium

Barrett’s

_________ are created when there are breaks in the gastric mucosa from gastric secretions

Peptic ulcer disease ie. gastric ulcers

_________ disease is inflammation of all five layers of bowel wall, causing edema and fibrosis of the bowel.

Crohn’s

Type ___ diabetes is caused by autoantibodies, mostly in childhood and adolescence, causing the pancreas to produce little to no insulin -and presents with a rapid onset of symptoms, and requires the patient to intake insulin by mouth or injection

Type __ diabetes is caused by insulin resistance and insulin deficiency, and is most common in obese adults. Some cases of type ___ diabetes can be managed with diet restrictions and exercise

_______ disease is an adrenal insufficiency due to destructive atrophy of the adrenal glands caused by long term use or sudden withdrawal of oral steroids

Addison’s

________ syndrome can be caused by a pituitary tumor, small cell lung cancer secretion of ACTH, or steroids. -Signs and symptoms include abdominal weight gain, moon face (round face), buffalo hump (fat pad on upper back), thinning skin, purple striae (stretch marks)

Cushing’s

Hepatitis ___ is spread via oral-fecal route by improper hand-washing or contaminated food and water

Hepatitis ___ and ___ are spread via bodily fluids.

B and C

_________, or kidney stones, are calcium stones in the kidney due to high levels of circulating calcium

Nephrolithiasis

Urinary tract infections can occur _______ along urinary tract.

anywhere

1. a kidney infection is termed ______ 2. a bladder infection is termed ___ 3. a infection in the urethra is termed _____

1. pyelonephritis 2. cystitis 3. urethritis

_________, or undescended testicle, present at birth and may resolve itself in first year of life or need surgery to bring down

Cryptorchidism

______ = inability to retract foreskin of penis

Phimosis

_____________ is enlargement of prostate - trt is surgery

Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

e. Uterine fi broids are benign tumors of the ________

myometrium

OsteoArthritis , or wear and tear arthritis, is the most common joint disease. whereas - _________ arthritis is a chronic systemic, autoimmune disease involving synovial joints, causing extreme deformities of the knuckles, wrists, elbows, and ankles

Rheumatoid

____________ is a reduction in bone density over time, causing fragile bones and fractures

OsteoPorosis

______ = hives

urticaria -Urticaria , or hives, is an allergic reaction due to a histamine release. Treatment is antihistamines, or epinephrine in severe cases