Patient Assessment Exam 2 vocab

Question 1

what does the central nervous system include?

Answer 1

the brain and the spinal cord

Question 2

what does the peripheral nervous system include?

Answer 2

(everything outside of the brain and spinal cord) the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, the 31 pairs of spinal nerves; contains the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system

Question 3

postcentral gyrus

Answer 3

located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe, it is the primary sensory area (touch, pressure, temperature, pain); somatosensory cortex

Question 4

precentral gyrus

Answer 4

located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe; it is the primary motor area (voluntary movement); primary motor cortex

Question 5

anterolateral (spinothalamic) tract

Answer 5

contains the sensory fibers that transmit sensations of pain, temperature, and touch

Question 6

dorsal column (posterior) tract

Answer 6

contains sensory fibers that transmit sensations of position (proprioception), 2 points discrimination, light touch, vibration, stereognosis, graphesthesia

Question 7

lower motor neurons

Answer 7

motor fibers located mostly in the peripheral nervous system; from the anterior horn the fiber extends to the muscle. LMN are the final common pathway

Question 8

autonomic nervous system

Answer 8

(part of the peripheral nervous system)
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
controls involuntary bodily functions (blood pressure, digestion, heart rate) and regulates gland

Question 9

somatic nervous system

Answer 9

(part of the peripheral nervous system) controls muscle movement and relays information from the ears, eyes, and skin to the central nervous system

Question 10

upper motor neurons

Answer 10

motor fibers located completely within the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord)

Question 11

Dermatomes

Answer 11

area of skin that is supplied mainly from one spinal cord segment through a particular spinal nerve; think rainbow map of body; ex- tingling in the down the right arm might involve C6-C8 dermatomes

Question 12

clonus

Answer 12

rapid rhythmic contraction of muscle groups in response to rapid stretch of muscle; spasms

Question 13

ataxia

Answer 13

uncoordinated or unsteady gait

Question 14

dysmetria

Answer 14

clumsy movement

Question 15

hyperreflexia

Answer 15

exaggerated reflex

Question 16

hyporeflexia

Answer 16

diminished reflex

Question 17

flexion

Answer 17

bending a limb at a joint

Question 18

extension

Answer 18

straightening of a limb at a join

Question 19

abduction

Answer 19

movement of a limb away from midline

Question 20

adduction

Answer 20

movement of a limb towards the central axis of the body
c

Question 21

circumduction

Answer 21

circular pattern joint movement

Question 22

crepitation

Answer 22

cracking or grating sound due to irregularities on joint surfaces

Question 23

muscle tone vs muscle mass

Answer 23

tone is the tension in resting muscle, mass in the size of the muscle

Question 24

normocephalic

Answer 24

round symmetric skull that is appropriately related to body size

Question 25

microcephaly

Answer 25

abnormally small head size

Question 26

macrocephally

Answer 26

abnormally large head size

Question 27

goiter

Answer 27

inflammation of the thyroid gland

Question 28

alopecia

Answer 28

hair loss

Question 29

lymphadenopathy

Answer 29

enlargement of the lymph nodes

Question 30

how do you test accommodation?

Answer 30

accommodation is the adaption of the eye for near vision; you test by having the pt focus on your finger as it slowly moves closer to their nose. The pupils should constrict as the finger gets closer

Question 31

convergence

Answer 31

allows for single binocular vision b/c of the six cardinal fields of gaze

Question 32

refraction

Answer 32

bending of light rays from one transparent medium to another

Question 33

hyperopia

Answer 33

far-sighted

Question 34

myopia

Answer 34

near-sighted

Question 35

presbyopia

Answer 35

the inability of the lens to accommodate for near vision. a normal part of aging. age related farsightedness

Question 36

ptosis

Answer 36

drooping upper eye lid

Question 37

lid lag

Answer 37

forward displacement of the eyeballs and widened palpebral fissure

Question 38

anisocoria

Answer 38

unequal pupil size

Question 39

miotic

Answer 39

small pupils

Question 40

mydriatic

Answer 40

enlarged pupils

Question 41

exopthalmous

Answer 41

potruding eyes

Question 42

nystagmus

Answer 42

fine, oscillating movement of the ye

Question 43

strabismus

Answer 43

disparity of the eye exes due to extra ocular eye muscle dysfunction; causes inward or outward turning of the eyes; also known as crossed eyes

Question 44

conjugate gaze

Answer 44

parallel movement of the eyes

Question 45

tinnitus

Answer 45

perception of sound without an external source; ringing in the ears