Patient Assessment exam 2 study guide

Question 1

active vs passive ROM

Answer 1

active is when the patient moves the joint and passive is when you move the joing

Question 2

what is a bursa

Answer 2

an enclosed sac filled with synovial fluid that helps muscles and tendons glide over bone

Question 3

what are muscles?

Answer 3

principles organ of movement. three types: smooth (visceral, involuntary), cardiac, skeletal (striated, voluntary)
different functions (flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor)
attached at each end to bone, tendon, ligament, and fascia

Question 4

ligaments

Answer 4

connective tissue that join bones to bones
add strength and stability, allow for movement

Question 5

tendons

Answer 5

strong, dense bands of connective tissue. attach muscles to periosteum (membrane of blood vessels and nerves around bones)

Question 6

cartilage

Answer 6

gel-like supporting tissue at the ends of bones
protect and support bones

Question 7

joint (two types)

Answer 7

area where two surfaces of bone come together
nonsynovial: immovable ex)cranial suture
OR slightly movable (manubriosternal joint)
synovial: freely movable joint filled with synovial fluid and covered with cartilage EX) knee

Question 8

Tempromandibular joint

Answer 8

cranial nerve #5, located under the zygomatic arch of the temporal bone. connect temporal bone and the mandible
ROM: open & close mouth, project lower jaw, move jaw from side to side

Question 9

sternoclavicular joint

Answer 9

clavicle and the sternum
ROM: shrug shoulders

Question 10

cervical spine joint

Answer 10

C1 and skull
ROM: flexion (chin to chest) hyperextension(head back) lateral bending (ear to shoulder (rotation) turn head side to side
muscle strength: rotation against resistance, flexion against resistance

Question 11

shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint)

Answer 11

landmarks: clavicle, acromium process of scapula, greater tubercule of humerus
ROM: forward flexion, hyperextension, internal rotation, external rotation, abduction, adduction
strength: deltoid: abduction and adduction against resistance
bicepts: flexion against resistance
triceps: extension against resistance
trapezius: shrugs shoulders against resistance

Question 12

elbow joint !!

Answer 12

landmarks: medial & lateral epicondyles of the humerus, olecranon process of ulna
during palpation: subcutaneous nodules assoc with RA
ROM: flexion & extension, supination, pronation
strength: flexion (biceps), extension (triceps) against resistance

Question 13

three regions of GI and landmarks

Answer 13

(in order of top to bottom) epigastric, periumbilical, pelvic – the linea alba, the xyphoid process, the costal margin, the umbiliculs

Question 14

RLQ

Answer 14

appendix, right ovary and tube, right ureter

Question 15

RUQ

Answer 15

gallbladder, liver, head of pancreas, part of ascending and transverse colon, right kidney

Question 16

LUQ

Answer 16

liver, stomach, spleen, body of pancreas, part of transverse and descending colon

Question 17

LLQ

Answer 17

part of descending colon, left ovary and tube, left ureter