Pathphys Cancer

Question 1

apoptosis

Answer 1

cell death. (normal and programmed)

Question 2

tumor suppression genes

Answer 2

acts as breaks to slow down cell division and repair

Question 3

mutated protooncogenes

Question 4

the process whereby tumor cells generate their own blood supply is referred to as

Answer 4

angiogenesis

Question 5

risks for breast cancer

Answer 5

BRCA1 and 2 defective tumor suppressor genes, family hx, women with no pregnancies, ETOH abuse

Question 6

tumor markers for lung cancer

Answer 6

CA 125, CEA

Question 7

tumor marker for breast cancer

Answer 7

CA125, CEA, HER2

Question 8

tumor markers for prostate cancer

Answer 8

PSA

Question 9

tumor markers for ovaric cancer

Answer 9

CA125, CEA

Question 10

why would jaundice be a marker of pancreatic cancer?

Answer 10

because of anatomy, it can block the flow of bilirubin

Question 11

Lung cancer metastasizes in the

Answer 11

Bones and brain
Liver and adrenal gland’s

Question 12

Colon cancer metastasizes in the

Answer 12

Liver

Question 13

Breast cancer metastasizes in the

Answer 13

Bone brain liver lung

Question 14

Prostate cancer metastasizes in the

Answer 14

Vertebrae

Question 15

Melanoma metastasis in the

Answer 15

Brain

Question 16

What is the diffrence between the grading system (1-3) and the TNM system?

Answer 16

Grade 1- cells are well-differentiated
Grade 3 - poorly differentiated
—-
T-tumor size
N-lymph node envolvment
M- metastasis

Question 17

What would
TisN0M1 mean?

Answer 17

Carcinoma in situ (localized)
No nodal envolment
Distant metastasis present

Question 18

Is stage 0/carcinoma in situ cancer?

Answer 18

Not cancer, but may become cancer
Abnormal cells are present but have not spread

Question 19

What are the two groups of lung cancer and what are they associated with?

Answer 19

Small cell—> cigarette smoke
Non-Small Cell —> more common lung cancer (80%) slow growing and spreading

Question 20

Small Cell Carcinoma

Answer 20

-rapid growth and early metastasis
-poorest prognosis (10%)
-small oval cells that grow in clusters out of the bronchus

Question 21

Squamous Cell (NSCLC)

Answer 21

-Grows slowly
-Found in center of lung near bronchus
-can detect in sputum
-paraneoplastic syndrome is hypercalcemia

Question 22

Adenocarcinoma (NSCLC)

Answer 22

-in the periphery (alveoli)
-more common in women
-metastasizes early
-usually large at the time of diagnosis
-most common

Question 23

Large Cell Carcinoma (NSCLC)

Answer 23

-any part of the lung
-poorly differentiated
-difficult to categorize
-tends to grow and spread faster than the other NSCLCs