Pathophysiology Flashcards
Endemic
Illness that is constantly present within a community
Epidemic
An infectious disease that spreads rapidly within a large number of people or area.
Pandemic
An infectious disease that spreads world wide
Morbidity
Measure of sickness within a specific population or area
Mortality
Measure of deaths in an area or population
Incidence
Occurrence of new diseases in a specific population
Prevalence
Proportion of a population who have a particular disease at a specific point in time
Risk factors
Characteristics that make a person more likely to suffer a disease or injury
Pathophysiology
The study of physical manifestations of illness and disease
Etioilogy
The cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition
Symptoms of diabetes mellitus
Polyuria Polydipsia Fatigue Blurry vision Weight loss Hyperglycemia
Symptoms for Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCDS)
Irregular menstrual cycle
Elevated hormone levels
Multiple cysts in ovaries
Symptoms for Hypothyroidism
Fatigue Weight gain Muscle aches Bradycardia Depression Elevated cholesterol Dry skin
Symptoms for Hyperthyroidism
Weight loss tachycardia Fatigue Sleep disruption Goiter
Symptoms for basal cell carcinoma
New growth or sore that does not heal
Symptoms for squamous cell carcinoma
Spreads to surrounding tissue
Most common on face and head
Symptoms for malignant melanoma
Itchy/bleeding mole
New mole
Mole with changes
Symptoms for acne vulgaris
Black heads
White heads (comedos)
Papules, Pustules
Symptoms for alopecia
Loss or lack of hair anywhere on the body, typically on the scalp. Can include eyebrows and eyelashes
Symptoms for cellulitis
Red, tight skin
Pain in inflamed area
Fever
Symptoms for dermatitis
Inflammation of skin resulting in rash and pruritus
Symptoms for eczema
Chronic dermatitis with vesicular eruptions developing into itchy, red, scaly rash
Symptoms for folliculitis
Red, itchy hair follicles (pimple appearance)
Symptoms for herpes simplex
Type I: Painful blisters on lips, mouth, and face
Type II: Similar lesions, located in genital area
Symptoms for impetigo
Itchy, oozing skin lesions with honey-like appearing crust
Etiology of impetigo
Staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria
Symptoms for pediculosis
Skin itching
Nitts (eggs) in hair, particularly near the roots
Psoriasis
Silvery, scaly, severely itchy skin
Ringworm
Flat, circular lesions (dry/scaly or moist/crusty)
Etiology of ringworm
Fungus
Symptoms for rosacea
Redness
Acne-like eruptions on face
Osteoarthritis
Joint stiffness and pain
Fluid surrounding the joint
Grating sound with joint movement
Rheumatoid arthritis
Destruction of the joint capsule causing scar tissue to form
Visible joint deformity
Bursitis
Joint pain and swelling
Gout
Joint pain
Common in big toe and knee joints
Stiffness
Swelling
Kyphosis
Visible upper back curvature (humpback)
Lordosis
Inward curvature of the lower back (swayback)
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Fractures at birth
Blue sclera of the eye
Etiology for Osteoporosis
Hormone deficiencies Lack of Vitamin D Corticosteroid use (log term)
Osteosarcoma
Pain in bones (usually legs)
Swelling with development of tumor growth
Paget’s disease
Bone pain and deformity
Excessive bone destruction
Scoliosis
Bent appearing spine (laterally)
Etiology of Fibromyalgia
Unknown
Exacerbated by sleep deprivation, emotional distress, depression
Symptoms for fibromyalgia
Fatigue
Point tenderness
chronic facial pain
Muscular dystrophy
Muscle weakness leading to eventual paralysis
Myasthenia gravis
Double vision
Muscle weakness
Dysphagia
Difficulty breathing
Tetanus
Muscle spasm in jaw and neck
Rigid spasm
Etiology of tetanus
Toxin produced by Clostridium tetani
Angina (angina pectoris)
Pain/tightness in chest
coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis)
Buildup of fat and cholesterol in arteries
Myocardial infarction
Squeezing chest pain that can iradiat
Aneurysm
Bulging of an artery
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Peripheral edema
Lymphedema
Persistent tissue swelling
Causes of mononucleosis
Epstein-Barr Virus
Cytomegalovirus
Symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Fatigue
Butterfly rash on face
Symptoms of asthma
wheezing
cough
tightness in chest
Atelectasis
Dyspnea
Cyanosis
Diaphoresis
Bronchitits
Yellow-gray or green productive cough
Chest tightness
Dyspnea
Etiology of Emphysema
Smoking
Specific types of dust
Etiology of Legionnaire’s disease
Legionella bacteria that grow in standing water
Alzheimer’s disease
Confusion
Memory loss
Bell’s palsy
Weakness or paralysis of facial muscles
Seizures
Uncontrolled muscle contractions
Meningitis
Stiff neck
headache
fever
vomiting
Multiple sclerosis
Loss of ability to speak
Double vision
Loss of balance
Weakness in arms/legs
Parkinson’s disease
Arm/leg muscle and joint stiffness
Lack of coordination
Tremor
Stroke
Paralysis
Confusion
Memory impairment
Benign prostathic hyperplasia (BPH)
Feeling of full bladder after urinating
Need to urinate often
Prostate cancer
Pain
Erectile dysfunction
Dysuria
Appendicitis
RLQ pain
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Cirrhosis
Anemia Fatigue Fever Hepatomegaly Jaundice
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
Pain RUQ
Fever
Nausea, vomiting
